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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Decision aids: are they worth it? A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The field of consumer decision support interventions has grown rapidly in the last 20 years, particularly since the increased formalization of evidence-based decision-making in health care. However, little is known as yet about the effect these decision aids have on relevant outcomes. To identify outcomes influenced by consumer decision aids (CDAs) and the particular effects of CDAs on those outcomes. METHOD: Published reports of randomized controlled trials and other designs in English identified from searches of Medline, Cancerlit, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Science Abstracts, the Cochrane Library and Current Contents, and from ancestry searches, hand searches and consultation with key informants. Studies were included if consumers were the decision-makers, decisions were real and not hypothetical, the intervention met a strict definition of a CDA and decisions involved treatment or screening. Data on setting, subjects, decision types, decision aid features and outcomes were extracted. The validity of each study included was evaluated by two team members. Summative ratings were calculated and categorized as high, medium and low. RESULTS: Over 500 titles were initially assessed; 96 study reports were obtained and screened for inclusion. Twenty-two reports representing 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies with a low rating were excluded. Results were synthesized from the remaining 12 studies. Published studies of CDAs are increasing although still few in number. Outcomes such as knowledge and decision-making processes are influenced by CDAs but effects on treatment preferences, the actual decision or other outcomes have yet to be clearly established. CONCLUSIONS: Improved outcomes result from the use of CDA in some categories of outcome but insufficient evidence exists yet to support improved outcomes in all categories or to evaluate whether, given the considerable costs of many CDAs, funding for extensive ongoing development and testing can be sustained.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

Five years later: medical reference in the 21st century.

In 2000, three groups of health sciences librarians-new library school graduates, those currently working at a medical library, and medical library directors-were interviewed about the status and future of medical reference librarianship. Five years later this follow-up article summarizes the responses from many of the same librarians about the biggest changes, newest trends, evolving roles, challenges, and hopes for the future.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

[Nursing care in the anesthesia recovery period: review of the literature].

The present study was undertaken after it was observed that patients submitted to surgical procedures arrived in recovery room with incomplete records, thus complicating continuing nursing care. The goal of the present study is to analyze bibliographic data from 1990 to 2002 on recovery room nursing care. The data was obtained from LILACS (Latin America Literature about Health Science), PERIENF (Nursing School Library of the University of São Paulo) and BDENF (Library of Federal University of Minas Gerais). The key words were nursing care, recovery room and immediate post-operative period. Only 16 articles were found, indicating a shortage of literature on this topic. The recovery room period is an important period of hospitalization and the data are essential for continuous care.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed2005

Meta-analysis of natural therapies for hyperlipidemia: plant sterols and stanols versus policosanol.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of plant sterols and stanols as well as policosanol in the treatment of coronary heart disease, as measured by a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PATIENTS: A total of 4596 patients from 52 eligible studies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1967-June 2003 to identify pertinent studies. Reduction of LDL levels was the primary end point; effects on other lipid parameters and withdrawal of study patients due to adverse effects were the secondary end points. Weighted estimates of percent change in LDL were -11.0% for plant sterol and stanol esters 3.4 g/day (range 2-9 g/day [893 patients]) versus -2.3% for placebo (769 patients) in 23 eligible studies, compared with -23.7% for policosanol 12 mg/day (range 5-40 mg/day [1528 patients]) versus -0.11% for placebo (1406 patients) in 29 eligible studies. Cumulative p values were significantly different from placebo for both (p<0.0001). The net LDL reduction in the treatment groups minus that in the placebo groups was greater with policosanol than plant sterols and stanols (-24% versus -10%, p<0.0001). Policosanol also affected total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride levels more favorably than plant sterols and stanols. Policosanol caused a clinically significant decrease in the LDL:HDL ratio. Pooled withdrawal rate due to adverse effects and combined relative risk for patients who withdrew were 0% and 0.84, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-1.95, p=0.69), for plant sterols and stanols across 20 studies versus 0.86% and 0.31, respectively (95% CI 0.20-0.48, p<0.0001), for policosanol across 28 studies. CONCLUSION: Plant sterols and stanols and policosanol are well tolerated and safe; however, policosanol is more effective than plant sterols and stanols for LDL level reduction and more favorably alters the lipid profile, approaching antilipemic drug efficacy.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed2026

Compliance With Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer often experience substantial fluctuations in psychological states during disease management. Traditional research tools are limited in capturing these dynamic changes in real time, constraining clinicians' understanding of patients' true conditions. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables high-frequency, real-time data collection, providing patient-reported data with greater ecological validity. However, the effectiveness of EMA studies critically depends on patient compliance, and reported compliance rates vary widely, with a lack of systematic quantitative synthesis. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically review and quantitatively analyze compliance with EMA among patients with cancer, and to examine whether EMA design characteristics were associated with compliance. METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched for literature published up to April 30, 2026. Compliance was defined as completed prompts divided by delivered prompts. Single-group proportions were pooled using logit transformation and random-effects models with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment. Prediction intervals were calculated to describe the expected distribution of compliance in future comparable settings. Subgroup analyses, univariable meta-regressions, leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, and tests for small-study effects were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data, methodological reporting quality was assessed using a modified Checklist for Reporting EMA Studies, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies involving 13,565 participants were included. The pooled compliance rate was 78.55% (95% CI 73.48%-82.87%), with a prediction interval of 48.59%-93.41%. Subgroup analyses identified no robust differences across study characteristics. Although study length showed a statistically significant subgroup test, the result was not stable after excluding singleton categories. Meta-regression analyses similarly found no significant linear associations for study length, prompts per day, items per prompt, or assessment window. Leave-one-out analyses showed that no single study drove the pooled estimate. Regarding the risk of bias, 2 studies were judged as low, while 21 were judged as moderate risk. Quality scores ranged from 6.5 to 9.0, and the certainty of evidence for the pooled compliance rate was rated as very low according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. CONCLUSIONS: Overall compliance with EMA among patients with cancer was moderate to high, suggesting that repeated real-world assessment may be feasible in oncology research settings. Nevertheless, the very high heterogeneity, wide prediction interval, and very low certainty of evidence indicate that compliance is context-dependent. The pooled estimate should therefore be interpreted as an approximate benchmark rather than a universal expected rate. Future oncology EMA studies should use standardized compliance denominators, report missing prompts transparently, and prospectively evaluate patient-centered design strategies that reduce burden while preserving data quality.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Anti-inflammatory agents after hip and shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative inflammation after arthroplasty contributes to pain, delayed mobilization and prolonged hospitalization. Recent randomized trials have evaluated pharmacological anti-inflammatory strategies within contemporary enhanced recovery pathways, but evidence after hip and shoulder arthroplasty remains scattered across different drug classes and perioperative regimens. OBJECTIVES: To synthesize recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence on perioperative anti-inflammatory agents after hip and shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for English-language RCTs published from January 2020 to March 2026. The 2020-2026 window was selected to update evidence generated under modern arthroplasty, anesthesia, multimodal analgesia and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways. Eligible trials included adults undergoing hip or shoulder arthroplasty and compared corticosteroids, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-based/local anti-inflammatory regimens, or related anti-inflammatory interventions with placebo, saline, no treatment, or the same regimen without the target component. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were pooled using random-effects models. RESULTS: Nine RCTs involving 800 patients were included. Anti-inflammatory interventions significantly reduced postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) [WMD=-32.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-41.16, -23.21), P<0.001], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [WMD=-31.25, 95% CI (-41.79, -20.77), P<0.001], rest pain [WMD=-0.41, 95% CI (-0.58, -0.23), P<0.001], activity pain [WMD=-0.56, 95% CI (-0.83, -0.29), P<0.001] and hospital stay [WMD=-0.54, 95% CI (-0.92, -0.15), P=0.006]. CONCLUSION: Recent RCT evidence suggests that perioperative anti-inflammatory interventions can attenuate early inflammatory responses and improve short-term pain and recovery after hip and shoulder arthroplasty. Because data were limited and clinically heterogeneous, the findings should not be interpreted as evidence favoring a specific drug class, dose, route, or timing.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Walking and bicycling: an evaluation of environmental audit instruments.

PURPOSE: This paper reviews existing environmental audit instruments used to capture the walkability and bikability of environments. The review inventories and evaluates individual measures of environmental factors used in these instruments. It synthesizes the current state of knowledge in quantifying the built environment. The paper provides health promotion professionals an understanding of the essential aspects of environments influencing walking and bicycling for both recreational and transportation purposes. It serves as a basis to develop valid and efficient tools to create activity-friendly communities. DATA SOURCES: Keyword searches identified journal articles from the computer-based Academic Citation Databases, including the National Transportation Library, the Web of Science Citation Database, and MEDLINE. Governmental publications and conference proceedings were also searched. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA: All instruments to audit physical environments have been included in this review, considering both recreation- and transportation related walking and bicycling. Excluded are general methods devised to estimate walking and cycling trips, those used in empirical studies on land use and transportation, and research on walking inside buildings. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS: Data have been extracted from each instrument using a template of key items developed for this review. The data were examined for quality assurance among three experienced researchers. DATA SYNTHESIS: A behavioral model of the built environment guides the synthesis according to three components: the origin and destination of the walk or bike trip, the characteristics of the road traveled, and the characteristics of the areas surrounding the trip's origin and destination. These components, combined with the characteristics of the instruments themselves, lead to a classification of the instruments into the four categories of inventory, route quality assessment, area quality assessment, and approaches to estimating latent demand for walking and bicycling. Furthermore, individual variables used in each instrument to measure the environment are grouped into four classes: spatiophysical, spatiobehavioral, spatiopsychosocial, and policy-based. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Individually, existing instruments rely on selective classes of variables and therefore assess only parts of built environments that affect walking and bicycling. Most of the instruments and individual measures have not been rigorously tested because of a lack of available data on walking and bicycling and because of limited research budgets. Future instrument development will depend on the acquisition of empirical data on walking and bicycling, on inclusion of all three components of the behavioral model, and on consideration of all classes of variables identified.

Bicycling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a Web-based graduate epidemiology course.

An online epidemiology course was developed, implemented, and evaluated for graduate nursing students through the collaborative efforts of nursing faculty and information, education, and instructional design staff of the library at a health sciences university. This epidemiology course is a core curriculum course for graduate nursing students. The course was piloted with 14 students (one student in Romania); the initial online offering ran concurrently with a traditional classroom section. Extensive evaluation data were collected and analyzed to compare the effectiveness of the classroom and distance-learning formats. Areas of evaluation included objective measures, such as midterm and final examination scores and content analysis comparisons, as well as subjective ratings by the students of time commitments, course objectives, technical aspects of the web-based course, areas of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and self-confidence regarding epidemiology and computer skills. Recommendations for course development, implementation, and evaluation for similar distance-learning courses will be included.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2001

Identification and Isolation of a Receptor for N-Methyl Alkylammonium Salts: Molecular Amplification in a Pseudo-peptide Dynamic Combinatorial Library This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Ethyl Corporation (UK), and Fundacion Antorchas and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Tecnicas (Argentina).

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Bayt al-hikmah and the cultural policy of the caliph al-Ma'mūn].

The Bayt al-hikmah, which begins to operate under this name during the kingdom of Hārūn al-Rasīd, develops especially under al-Ma'mūn. It was a library and one of the places in which the IX century translations were carried out. It does not seem to have been a development center of the Su'ūbiyyah, but it contributed to the discussions which took place before the proclamation of the mu'tazilite policy of al-Ma'mūn. It was one of the elements of a cultural integration in the Moslem world, and it reached mathematicians and astrologers more than doctors, because of their strong tie with Christian traditions.

Arab World↗
PubMed1995

[Kaspar Schwenckfeldt--a Silesian physician, Renaissance student of nature, and bibliophile].

Kaspar Schwenckfeldt (1563-1609) is numbered among the intellectual celebrities of the Age of Renaissance in Silesia. He was the first to describe the flora of this region. His work Stirpium et fossilium Silesiae catalogus, based on his own research, was the fundamental source of knowledge about those plants for almost two centuries. His work on Silesian mineralogy, Fossilium Silesiae catalogus, omnia generis mineralia, metalla, succos, terrae, lapillos, fontes medicatos et thermae continens, even at present day is a valuable source of information on the occurrence of minerals in Silesia in the distant past. On the basis of Theriothropeum Silesiae one can reconstruct the rich realm of Silesian fauna of 16th/17th centuries. The monography of cieplice Slaskie, Hirschbergischen warmen Bades, published in 1607, is one of the oldest descriptions of this spa. The analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics of the waters and the information about their possible medical application was the fullest expert's opinion of that time. Up to the present days, a hand-written register of his collection of books has been preserved in the Stadtarchiv in Görlitz. It contains 705 items, which include medical publications, works on magic and occultism, as well as books connected with the Reformation movement, studies in Old Greek and Latin philologies, books on the history of some European countries. His versatility and rich scientific output place him among the most outstanding minds of his age.

Austria↗
PubMed1980

[Not Available].

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Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed2001

Ensuring quality Website redesign: the University of Maryland's experience.

The Web Redesign Committee at the Health Sciences and Human Services Library (HS/HSL) of the University of Maryland was formed to evaluate its site and oversee the site's redesign. The committee's goal was to design a site that would be functional, be usable, and provide the library with a more current image. Based on a literature review and discussions with colleagues, a usability study was conducted to gain a better understanding of how the Website was used. Volunteers from across the campus participated in the study. A Web-based survey was also used to gather feedback. To complement user input, library staff were asked to review the existing site. A prototype site was developed incorporating suggestions obtained from the evaluation mechanisms. The usability study was particularly useful because it identified problem areas, including terminology, which would have been overlooked by library staff. A second usability study was conducted to refine the prototype. The new site was launched in the spring of 2000. The usability studies were valuable mechanisms in designing the site. Users felt invested in the project, and the committee received valuable feedback. This process led to an improved Website and higher visibility for the library on campus.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Resource selection for an interdisciplinary field: a methodology.

The Health Sciences and Human Services Library of the University of Maryland developed and implemented a methodology to evaluate print and digital resources for social work. Although this methodology was devised for the interdisciplinary field of social work, the authors believe it may lend itself to resource selection in other interdisciplinary fields. The methodology was developed in response to the results of two separate surveys conducted in late 1999, which indicated improvement was needed in the library's graduate-level social work collections. Library liaisons evaluated the print collection by identifying forty-five locally relevant Library of Congress subject headings and then using these subjects or synonymous terms to compare the library's titles to collections of peer institutions, publisher catalogs, and Amazon.com. The collection also was compared to social work association bibliographies, ISI Journal Citation Reports, and major social work citation databases. An approval plan for social work books was set up to assist in identifying newly published titles. The library acquired new print and digital social work resources as a result of the evaluation, thus improving both print and digital collections for its social work constituents. Visibility of digital resources was increased by cataloging individual titles in aggregated electronic journal packages and listing each title on the library Web page.

Books↗
PubMed2004

Resting injured limbs delays recovery: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Rest is commonly used as primary treatment, rather than just palliation, for injured limbs. We searched the literature for evidence of benefit or harm from immobilization or mobilization of acute limb injury in adults. DATA SOURCES: We systematically searched for and retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mobilization or rest for treatment of acute limb injuries, in Medline (1966-2002), EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library, in all languages. REVIEW METHODS: We examined patient-centered outcomes (pain, swelling, and cost), functional outcomes (range of motion, days lost from work) and complications of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-nine trials of immobilization for soft tissue injuries and fractures of both upper and lower limbs were identified (3366 patients). All studies reported either no difference between rest and early mobilization protocols, or found in favor of early mobilization. Reported benefits of mobilization included earlier return to work; decreased pain, swelling, and stiffness; and a greater preserved range of joint motion. Early mobilization caused no increased complications, deformity or residual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We should not assume any benefit for immobilization after acute upper or lower limb injuries in adults. Rest appears to be overused as a treatment. More trials are needed to identify optimal programs for early mobilization.

Adult↗