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PubMed1998

The effects of radix Salviae miltiorrhizae on lipid accumulation of peroxidized low density lipoprotein in mouse peritoneal macrophages--lipid analysis and morphological studies.

Mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated in DMEM with pox-LDL and Rradix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM) to investigate the effects of RSM on the internalization of peroxidized low density lipoprotein (pox-LDL) by using lipid analysis and electron microscopy. Lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations were increased slightly in the medium after incubation of macrophages with normal LDL (n-LDL), while decreased significantly in the media after incubation of macrophages with pox-LDL. In the three groups with pox-LDL, it could be found that there was a dose-dependent decrease of concentrations of LPO and total cholesterol (TCH) in the two RSM groups, and the decrease in the two RSM groups was much greater than in the group without RSM. RSM accelerated a more decrease of LPO than cholesterol contents in the media containing pox-LDL. The ultrastructural studies also showed that RSM induced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The results suggested that RSM could accelerate the phagocytosis and degradation of pox-LDL by macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Modifications induced by dietary lipid source in adipose tissue phospholipid fatty acids and their consequences in lipid mobilization.

The aim of the present work was to assess the influence of dietary lipid source on fatty acid phospholipid profiles and on lipid mobilization. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed on high-fat diets which provided olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil or beef tallow. All rats received the same amount of energy to avoid hyperphagia and differences in energy intake among groups. Phospholipid fatty acids were determined by GC. Lipolysis was stimulated in subcutaneous and perirenal isolated adipocytes by several lipolytic agents, and assessed by the determination of released glycerol. After 4 weeks of feeding, differences in body and adipose tissue weights were not observed. Dietary regimens caused great changes in adipose tissue phospholipid composition: rats fed on palm oil and beef tallow had higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids and animals fed on olive oil or sunflower oil had greater amounts of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. These modifications did not lead to important changes in adipocyte lipolysis. Significant differences were only observed between palm-oil- and beef-tallow-fed groups when lipolysis was stimulated by isoproterenol in subcutaneous adipocytes. The fact that our feeding protocol did not induce differences in fat accumulation among groups avoids misinterpretations due to adiposity changes. The differences observed between both saturated-fat-fed groups, therefore, should only be attributable to dietary lipids. Despite this effect, the data from this work indicate that some diet-induced changes in adipose tissue fatty acid composition may have little effect on overall function.

Adipocytes↗

PubMed1999

[Which lipid parameters are atherogenic? Pathological lipid values and their therapeutic consequences].

In cross-sectional investigations, disturbances in lipid metabolism are found in about 40-50% of the population. A particularly close correlation is found between cardiovascular mortality and elevated LDL cholesterol. But disordered triglyceride metabolism and increased concentrations of lipoprotein(a) are also considered major factors that further the atherosclerosis process. A knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and the possibilities for influencing lipid metabolic disorders provide the basis for rational treatment. Unfortunately, disorders in lipid metabolism often continue to go undetected until the so-called endpoints (infarction, stroke) have occurred.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Lipid profile in healthy newborn infants and its correlation with maternal lipid levels].

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum levels of lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in newborns and their mothers and to know the association between them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples were taken from 200 newborns and from their mothers, and analyzed for lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein content in an autoanalyzer. Data were analyzed with the Epi Info 6 program. Central tendency measurements, variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were obtained. RESULTS: Average lipid levels in newborn blood samples was 625.2 +/- 130, 158.8 +/- 44 mg/dl of cholesterol, 136.9 +/- 97 mg/dl of triglycerides, 70.5 +/- 23.9 mg/dl LDL, 52.7 +/- 14 mg/dl HDL and 26.5 +/- 15.5 mg/dl VLDL. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn cholesterol levels were similar to values reported by Alpers and higher than levels published by the American Committee of Pediatric Biochemistry in USA. An association between levels in mothers and their children was found.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Serum lipid changes during anticonvulsive treatment serum lipids in epileptic children.

Serum lipid profile changes were investigated in 53 children receiving phenobarbital (n = 14), carbamazepine (n = 21), and valproic acid (n = 18) for their newly diagnosed seizure disorder. The patients were followed prospectively. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations increased after 3 months of treatment with carbamazepine and remained high after one year. Serum total cholesterol levels increased after 3 months of treatment with phenobarbital and remained high after one year. Serum lipid concentrations did not change during valproic acid therapy. Serum lipid profiles should be carefully monitored in children receiving enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The influence of phospholipid polar head on the lipid hydroperoxide dependent initiation of lipid peroxidation.

In a buffer (Mes) and at a pH (6.5) where Fe2+ is very stable, we have studied the peroxidation of liposomes catalyzed by FeCl2. The liposomes studied, prepared by sonolysis, contained either phosphatidylcholine or 1:1 molar ratio of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. The presence of the negatively charged phospholipid causes: 1) rapid Fe2+ oxidation and oxygen consumption; 2) increased generation of lipid hydroperoxides; 3) decreased generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive materials; 4) very low inhibition of Fe2+ oxidation and lipid hydroperoxide generation by BHT; 5) inhibition of the termination phase of lipid peroxidation at high FeCl2 concentrations. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the results obtained.

Ferrous Compounds↗

PubMed1979

Role of lipids in the immune response. I. Localization to a lipid-containing fraction of the active moiety of an inhibitor (SIF) of lymphocyte proliferation.

By further study, a previously described inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis, soluble inhibitory factor (SIF), has been shown to comprise two moieties; a nondialyzable protein, apparently inert with regard to inhibition of proliferation, and a polar lipid bound to the protein fraction, presumably by hydrophobic interaction. The lipid contained the activity responsible for inhibition of PHA-induced DNA synthesis. It was tentatively identified as a lipid with an as yet unidentified polar group, on the basis of mobility on thin layer chromatographic plates and behavior on silicic acid.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1975

Equine serum lipids: lipid composition and electrophoretic mobility of equine serum lipoprotein fractions.

The serum lipoprotein fractions from 5 Morgan and 5 Thoroughbred horses were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation, chemically analyzed for lipid composition, and studied by 2 methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine electrophoretic mobility. Breed differences were not seen in the relative percentages of the lipid classes found in the various fractions. Normally, horses, like most animals, carry the majority of their lipid in high-density lipoproteins. Electrophoretically, the only difference seen between breeds occurred on disc electrophoresis where the extra band, which is characteristic of lipoprotein profiles of Morgans, was found in the high-density lipoprotein fraction.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Lipid dependence of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase from rat hepatoma 27 with the use of rat liver lipid exchange proteins].

The ability of liver lipid exchange proteins to introduce foreign phospholipids into intact mitochondria was used for a study of the lipid dependence of monoamine oxidase. Introduction of exogenous phosphatidylcholine into rat hepatoma mitochondria, in which both the monoamine oxidase activity and the phosphatidylcholine content are comparatively low, leads to considerable activation of the enzyme. The introduction of exogeneous phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin has no activating effect. This indicates that the decreased activity of monoamine oxidase in the hepatoma may be due to a low amount of phosphatidylcholine. The method described allows the study in situ of the lipid dependence of non-solubilized membrane-bound enzymes.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Interaction of dopamine-beta-monooxygenase with lipids: 1. Lipids as modulators of the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

The interaction of the membrane-bound and soluble forms of dopamine-beta-monooxygenase with a variety of lipid analogues of the membrane of chromaffin granules were studied. The use of two independent methods to determine the kinetics of product formation and of oxidation of the electron donor substrates (two substrates, dopamine and tyramine, and two electron donors, ascorbate and ferrocyanide), showed that the enzyme is activated in the presence of either phosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidylcholine, but is inhibited by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid. The magnitude of the effects observed was the same for both forms of the enzyme. The parameters Vmax and Km for the substrates and for the electron donors were determined in the presence of each of the lipids tested. The data lead to certain conclusions about the mechanism of action of the lipids upon the enzyme and about the possible physiological role of the effects observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[The effect of lipid level lowering diets on bile lipids and plasma lipoproteins in normal persons].

The effects of two fat-modified diets, one rich in polyunsaturated and the other in oleic acids, were studied in 10 healthy young males with regard to bile lipid composition, plasma lipids and lipoproteins. The two experimental diets were given for 2 weeks each and findings compared with those from the subject's normal diet. The fat-modified diets had marked but comparable effects on plasma total cholesterol (decreases by 23% and 16% respectively), on LDL-cholesterol (decreases by 27% and 17% respectively) and on HDL-cholesterol (decreases by 26% and 27% respectively). HDL apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were unaffected. Therefore, the apo A-I/HDL-cholesterol and apo A-II/HDL-cholesterol ratios significantly increased. The "lithogenic index" as a measure for the relationship of cholesterol to bile acids and phospholipids, and thus for the solubility of cholesterol in gallbladder bile, was not affected by the lipid lowering diets, which therefore should not increase the risk of cholelithiasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

The Centers for Disease Control-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Lipid Standardization Program. An approach to accurate and precise lipid measurements.

In collaboration with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the CDC has supported programs for standardizing lipid measurements for more than 30 years. These programs were begun because comparable and accurate quantitative measurements were needed for epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease. Since the first program was initiated, over 500 national and international laboratories have participated in the various CDC lipid standardization programs. The cornerstone of these standardization programs has been an accuracy base of lipid reference materials and methods developed by CDC. Specifically, CDC has developed human, serum-based reference materials for cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride, and apolipoproteins A-I and B and reference methods for total cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride. The CDC reference method for cholesterol has been adopted as the national reference method for cholesterol by the National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory Council of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The approved CDC reference method along with an approved NBS definitive method, an approved NBS certified Reference Material, and the CDC certified serum-based secondary reference materials make up the accuracy base for serum cholesterol measurements in the United States, and together they are recognized as the National Reference System for Cholesterol. The NCEP Laboratory Standardization Panel recommends that cholesterol measurements made by all clinical laboratories should be standardized so that cholesterol values are traceable to the National Reference System for Cholesterol. In support of the NCEP's efforts, CDC will establish a standardization program permitting the laboratory and manufacturing community to trace cholesterol measurements and the development of cholesterol diagnostic products back to the national reference system. The major emphasis of this standardization effort is to establish a network of reference method laboratories (1) to assign cholesterol values to all commercially prepared lots of calibrators and control materials and (2) to provide reference measurements on individual "fresh" human serum specimens to manufacturers and clinical laboratories. CDC is also working to (1) provide reference materials to manufacturers, (2) collaborate with NBS to maintain documentation of the national reference system accuracy base, (3) cooperate with proficiency testing organizations to assist in the accurate labeling of reference materials, and (4) provide training and education pertinent to cholesterol standardization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗

PubMed1989

Plasma lipids in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Influence of race, gender, and plasma glucose control: lipids do not correlate with glucose control in black women.

Plasma lipids and hemoglobin A1 were measured in 544 type I diabetic patients. Hemoglobin A1 was positively correlated with the levels of total plasma cholesterol, total triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and negatively correlated with the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the entire biracial group. These relationships between plasma lipids and hemoglobin A1 were not present in black women. In the white diabetic population a reduction in hemoglobin A1 of one percentage point was statistically associated with a decrease of 0.16 to 0.17 mmol/L in total plasma cholesterol, a decrease of 0.10 to 0.13 mmol/L in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a reduction of 0.12 to 0.14 mmol/L in triglycerides. These findings suggest that race and gender are important determinants of the response of plasma lipids to glucose control in type I diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Free radical lipid oxidation and physical properties of lipid layer of biological membranes].

The results obtained mainly by the author and coworkers are summarized. One efficient method to detect free radicals in biological samples is chemiluminescence (CL). In the absence of activators CL of membraneous systems is due to lipid peroxide free radicals, whereas in the presence of luminol it is initiated by oxygen radicals. Low levels of free radicals in the cells and blood plasma are maintained by antioxidants, enzymes included. Ferrous ions increase free radical concentrations in the cells and tissues. Deleterious action of hydroxyl radicals is the result of the breakage of DNA strains and of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The latter reaction brings about the damage of the membrane barriers due to a decrease of the electrical stability of the membrane lipid bilayer and "self-breakdown" of the membranes by potential differences produced in the living cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Tumor lipids and liver lipid metabolism in the model human lung carcinoma/nude mice.

Tumor lipids were studied in the experimental model Human Lung Carcinoma/nude mice as well as the effect of this human neoplasm on the host liver lipid metabolism. Fatty acid profiles from tumoral lipids revealed the loss of specificity for fatty acid composition in triglycerides. Host liver fatty acid composition and cholesterol metabolism were affected by the implanted human lung tissue. A noticeable increase ratio between saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was observed in host liver fatty acid phospholipids (1.17 +/- 0.17) in comparison to control liver (0.84 +/- 0.04). Cholesterol synthesis was assessed "in vivo" by means of [14C]acetate incorporation. The specific radioactivity of [14C] cholesterol was increased by a factor of about 6 in host liver as compared with control liver. This observation along with the marked decrease in the cholesterol content of host liver and the hypocholesterolemia detected in the host mice led us to suggest an increase in the liver cholesterol catabolism promoted by the presence of the tumor.

Animals↗

PubMed1973

Surface areas of naturally occurring lipid classes and the quantitative microdetermination of lipids.

The surface area (A) of a lipid was directly proportional to the amount of lipid in a surface film (A = k micro moles) measured at constant surface pressure, temperature, and subphase composition. A surface area of 2300 cm(2)/ micro mole was obtained for cholesterol isolated from human adrenal and aorta and for cholesterol from hydrolysates of cholesteryl esters isolated from the same tissues. Unsaturated methyl esters that contained from one to four cis double bonds had the same surface area, 39.4 A(2)/molecule. As a consequence, naturally occurring triglyceride mixtures which had similar saturated-unsaturated fatty acid ratios had the same surface area, 6090 cm(2)/ micro mole. Naturally occurring phospholipid mixtures had the same surface area, 4590 cm(2)/ micro mole, and it appeared that the composition of these mixtures was regulated to control the physical properties of the mixtures. Surface area was much more sensitive than colorimetric procedures for the estimation of cholesterol and triglycerides. The surface area/molecule was a criterion of purity and an expanded surface area/molecule was an indication of autoxidation. Thus, surface area measurements were valuable for both the microdetermination and the characterization of lipid classes.

Cholesterol↗

PubMed1979

[Effect of fat free diet during the last week of pregnancy upon the linoleic and arachidonic acid content of fetal organ lipids and placenta lipids of the rat].

Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a fatfree diet from day 16--22 of pregnancy. On day 22, the fatty acid components of cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids of maternal (brain, muscle, serum, white adipose tissue, liver) and fetal (brain, carcass, serum, liver) tissues, including the placenta, were examined gaschromatographically for the participation of linoleic and arachidonic acid. In all fetal and maternal organs the linoleic acid levels in the fatty acid patterns were strongly reduced. The alterations nearly always involved all the lipid fractions of a tissue and were mostly equal within a tissue. The strongest decreases of linoleic acid occurred in the placenta, and the weakest, in the lipids of maternal muscle and maternal adipose tissue. The linoleic acid alterations were principally similar in fetal and the corresponding maternal tissues, while being less pronounced in case of maternal muscle. The participation of arachidonic acid in the fatty acid pattern is completely retained in the lipids of fetal organs, and is even enhanced in those of the placenta.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Alterations of erythrocyte lipid pattern and of some membrane related functions as a consequence of plasma lipid disorder in diabetes mellitus.

The influence of plasma lipid disorders on red blood cell (RBC) lipid pattern and some related erythrocyte membrane functions, such as glycerol (GLT50) permeability and erythrocyte deformability was studied in diabetes mellitus. Significantly higher red blood cell cholesterol content, GLT50 and erythrocyte filtration time values were found in diabetics. GLT50 values were found closely related to both RBC cholesterol content (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) and filtration time (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). Interestingly, six diabetics with retinopathy showed GLT50 values above 60 sec. The RBC Cholesterol/Phospholipids molar ratio was significantly higher in diabetics. The most notable changes of plasma lipid pattern in diabetics were a decrease of both plasma HDL cholesterol, phospholipids and Apolipoprotein A levels with an increase of HDL free cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio. RBC cholesterol content was found to be inversely related to HDL esterified/free cholesterol molar ratio (r = -0.56, p less than 0.001), while RBC cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio was significantly related to both HDL free cholesterol/phospholipids (r = 0.51, p. 0.001) and to LDL total cholesterol/phospholipids (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05). Lastly, HDL cholesterol levels were found to inversely relate to glycosylated haemoglobin values (r = -0.54, p less than 0.01).

Adult↗