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PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of the vestibulo-spinal system with a five-dimensional feedback model.

The role of the vestibulo-spinal system involved in the maintenance of upright standing posture was studied by a time series analysis with a 5-dimensional feedback model. The system was composed of sways of the head, shoulders, hips and activities of the nuchal and soleus muscles. The results were displayed as determinants of noise correlation matrix, power spectrum, correlogram, transfer function and relative power contribution. The five movements constitute a feedback system in normal subjects. Bilateral loss of labyrinthine function indicates a break in the feedback system. The power spectrum and relative noise contribution indicate that the vestibulo-spinal system regulates low-frequency body sway in upright standing. However, the contribution of the system was low in the overall control of standing posture.

Feedback↗
PubMed1988

The immune system in hearing disorders.

Cellular and humoral immune reactions may play a role in the ethiopathogenesis of audiovestibular dysfunction. Immune-mediated inner ear disorders can be of cochlear and retrocochlear origin. Autoimmunity plays a certain role, but is certainly not obligatory. Anti-inflammatory treatment remains the mainstay of therapy. Such hearing disorders can further be looked upon as 'experiments of nature'.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Clinical diagnosis of vestibular disorders. A system approach to dizziness.

During recent decades, vestibular research has emphasized that it is important to consider vestibular reflexes a part of the integrated balance system function. Vestibular diagnosis must be based on a system approach to vestibular dysfunction. The development of new balance system examination methods is based on computerization of the analysis of transfer functions. Using these methods, system dysfunction is more easily understood and a new universe of vestibular diagnosis might develop in the years to come.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Calcium-entry blockers in the treatment of vestibular disorders.

Based upon the results of a double-blind study carried out in a series of 120 patients suffering from vertigo and objective vestibular symptoms, we made the following observations during the treatment of vestibular disorders by means of calcium-entry blockers: Subjective symptoms regress fairly well during treatment, but no better than after betahistine-dihydrochloride (BHC) or thietylperazine therapy (TP). Objective assessment of the therapeutic action of calcium antagonists on vestibular dysfunction is based on the results of the Harmonic Acceleration test, which was carried out by using a computerized rotatory chair. The most reliable parameter with respect to the objective assessment of the experimentally induced vestibular responses (VOR) is the gain. Our test results show a progressive decrease in GAIN, indicating a depressive or inhibitory effect of the calcium antagonist flunarizine upon the VOR. If we compare these results with those obtained in the betahistidine- and thiethylperazine groups, we cannot confirm the same decline in GAIN within the latter two groups. A statistical analysis demonstrates a significant difference between the F-gain on the one hand, and the BHC gain and TP gain on the other hand.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1985

The frequency of vestibular disorders in developmentally delayed preschoolers with otitis media.

This study investigated the frequency of vestibular disorders in developmentally disabled preschoolers who did and who did not have a history of otitis media. Fifteen children with a history of otitis media and fifteen children with no history of otitis media were given two tests for vestibular functioning: the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) and the Lateral Labyrinthine Righting Reaction (LLRR), acting on the head. The scores on these tests were dichotomized, and a correlation between these two tests as measures of vestibular function was obtained. Because this correlation did not reach a satisfactory level, two a satisfactory level, two separate chi-square analyses were performed to examine the frequency of vestibular disorders with otitis media. Both tests showed a statistically significant difference in the incidence of vestibular disorders between the two groups of children; the group having otitis media demonstrated more vestibular disorders. The SCPNT demonstrated more striking results than did LLRR. This finding is related to the two tests measuring different aspects of vestibular functioning; the separate chi-square analyses were performed to examine the frequency of vestibular disorders with otitis media. Both tests showed a statistically significant difference in the incidence of vestibular disorders between the two groups of children; the group having otitis media demonstrated more vestibular disorders. The SCPNT demonstrated more striking results than did LLRR. This finding is related to the two tests measuring different aspects of vestibular functioning; the SCPNT reflects semicircular canal functioning, and the LLRR reflects utricular and saccular functioning. The criteria used for LLRR (four seconds) also may have influenced the results obtained using this test.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

[Emergency diseases of the ear (comparative statistical data)].

Statistical data are detailed concerning compositional, therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of urgent diseases of the ear (inflammation and traumas of the external ear, acute and aggravated chronic otitis media, acute neurosensory hypoacusis, etc.). 580 patients were urgently hospitalized to ENT clinic (Moscow General Hospital N 1) at the Russian State Medical University in 1995 for urgent diseases of the external, middle and internal ear. This makes up 28% of a total of hospitalized ENT patients. The most effective policy of treatment for each ear disease form is analyzed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Relationship between three inner ear antigens and autoimmune inner ear disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between three purified inner ear antigens and autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), and to determine their expressions in normal guinea pig cochleas. METHODS: Guinea pigs were divided into group B, group C and group D and immunized respectively with three subcomponents of crude inner ear antigens (31,000, 42,000-45,000 and 60,000 proteins). Hearing thresholds, serum IgG levels and morphological changes of inner ear were observed. The protein expressions of these antigens were examined by immunohistochemistry. In the control group, antigens were replaced by gel homogenate of polyacrylamide. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of hearing threshold among groups before immunization with inner ear antigens (F = 0.07, P > 0.05). There were no significant changes of hearing thresholds and inner ear morphology in group C and control group. Hearing thresholds dropped in part of animals immunized with 31,000 or 60,000 protein. Hearing threshold of group B and D changed significantly after immunization, as compared with the control group(F = 9.12, P < 0.01). Serum IgG levels increased significantly in all experimental groups compared with the control group(F = 7.46, P < 0.01). The 31,000 protein distributed strictly in cochlear nerve, and 42,000-45,000 or 60,000 protein distributed widely, including the spiral ganglion, Corti's organ, stria vascularis and spiral ligament. CONCLUSIONS: Two subcomponents of 31,000 and 60,000 in crude inner ear antigen could induce autoimmune inner ear disease. The distribution of 31,000 protein was more tissue specific and might be used as a marker protein for clinical diagnosis of autoimmune inner ear disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Side effects of antiepileptic therapy. Study of 197 cases].

A study of 197 epileptic outpatients consecutively observed by one Neurologist allowed a prospective study of the side effects of antiepileptic drugs. This study shows essentially that a clinical improvement comparable to that generally reported can be obtained with side effects limited in their number and intensity. The main principle is the routine search of these effects which are not always spontaneously mentioned by the patients, especially intellectual slowness and loss of sexual activity. The detection of the side effects through history and physical examination is far more fruitful than are plasma concentrations of drugs which can be doubly misleading: some plasma concentrations lower than recognized therapeutical levels are efficient however while others are higher and nevertheless necessary and well tolerated. Among the side effects specific to certain antiepileptic drugs, shoulder-hand syndrome due to phenobarbital was noted in 10 per cent of the cases. Furthermore, the frequency of scapulo-humeral periarthritis was significantly higher in the epileptic group than in the controls. Dupuytren's disease was less frequent (8 per cent) and the difference with the controls was not significant. Among the non-specific side effects, nystagmus is a somewhat useful sign in treatments by phenytoin but as with drugs dosages, it must be weighed within the whole clinical picture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Rehabilitation of patients with vestibular disorders].

The connections between the two vestibular nuclei permit vestibular compensation after unilateral lesions. The interactions between the vestibular and the visual and proprioceptive system can support vestibular compensation. Our physical training program for the treatment of vertigo is based on these mechanisms. The training consists of fixation exercises, smooth pursuit and motor learning by proprioceptive cognition. The results are very convincing.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Congenital cysts of the oval window (author's transl)].

A 3 year old child with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis and a congenital cyst of the oval window is presented. An aqueous middle ear effusion was found and scintigraphy demonstrated a middle ear CSF leak. Surgical exploration revealed a cyst originating from the stapes footplate. The origin of this malformation is discussed and its possible presence in recurrent mengitis is stressed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of acute inner ear diseases (sudden deafness and vestibular disorder) with meclofenoxate and acetylsalicylic acid].

Sixty patients suffering from an acute inner ear disease were treated by a combination of acetylsalicylic acid (Micristin), an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and meclofenoxate (Cerutil), a nootropic drug. The success rate in 26 patients with acute isolated unilateral vestibular disorder was 73% (69% with complete recovery), and 83% (57% complete remission) in 34 patients with sudden deafness, with an average hearing improvement of 22.4 dB. The success rate of this therapy was similar to that achieved by the usual therapy or no treatment in subjects with sudden deafness and vestibular disorder which we reported in 1984.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Neuro-otology].

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Audiometry↗