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PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of glycoproteins in rat blood in experimental hypothyreosis].

The data are presented of parallel studies of the effect of different "thyreostatic" remedies as applied to concentration of certain glycoproteid components of blood in rats. Dynamics and correlation of disturbances were studied between the changes in the content of the glycidogram fractions and blood carbohydrate-containing glycoproteids. An essential change in glycoproteid blood metablolism is established. It is characterized by a significant decrease in the concentration of albumin alpha2- and gamma-globulin factors of the glycidogram and creuloplasmin as well as by a simultaneous rise in the level of alpha1- and beta-globulin fractions, hexosamine, haptoglobin, transferrine and L-fucose in the animals under experiment. The value of changes in the blood serum glycoproteid tests under study is determined as dependent on the type of the "thyreostatic" remedy, dose and duration time of the thyreostatic preparation administration. The maximal tine was established for an increase in the content of certain glycoproteids during the experiment and in different periods after it. An attempt is also made to explain the reasons affecting the disturbances of glycoproteid metabolism in blood with hypothyreosis in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The activity of the rheumatic process in children with neurological forms of rheumatism].

The authors studied the biochemical indices characterizing the activity of the rheumatic process in 121 patients with neurological forms of rheumatism and in 28 patients with neurological forms of rheumatism and in 28 patients with rheumocarditis without expressed changes on behalf of the CNS (all the children were from 5 to 15 years). Besides, a control group of 15 normal children of the same age were studied as well. In all patients with neurological signs of rheumatism and rheumocarditis without expressed changes of the nervous system there was a distinct increase in the content of seromucoids, hexosamines, uromucoids during all periods of examination. The diphenylamine index and cyalic acid content in the blood plasma was changed to a less degree. A full correlation between the biochemical changes and neurological state was not found. However, even in moderately expressed neurological signs the patients are in need of an observation on behalf of the rheumatologist and preventive therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Genetic factors in the maturation of the canine intervertebral disc.

The composition and structure of the intervertebral discs have been studied in a group of six four-month-old beagles which were full or half-siblings. The animals were raised in identical environment and were comparable weight and size at sacrifice. Collagen, hexosamine, uronic acid, sialic acid and non-collagenous protein analysis (via indirect method) were performed on the nucleus pulposus (NP), transitional zone (TZ) and a annulus fibrosus (AF) of the discs for the lumbo-sacral, lumbar and thoracic spinal levels. Parallel histochemical and morphological examinations of the discs were also performed. The knee joint meniscus, and articular cartilage was also examined for the components described. The results of the analysis for the discs revealed that within this single age group there co-exist two statistically different compositional states. These differences reside largely in the NP and TZ regions and from the analytical values are interpreted as indicating the chondroid and non-chondroid conditions. No such compositional variation was observed for articular cartilage and fibrocartilage (knee joint menisci).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of thyroid hormones on the content of glycoprotein fractions and their carbohydrate-containing components in rat blood serum].

In blood serum of 195 male rats an effect of different thyroid hormones on alterations in content of glycoprotein fractions and their separate carbohydrate containing components was simultaneously studied. A correlation was established between alterations in the glycoprotein fractions and content of seromucoids, sialic acids, hexoses associated with proteins, hexosamine, haptoglobin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and fucose in blood serum. Dynamics of alterations of these values was studied. The normalization of the tests studied was correlated with the type of hormone used, its dose, duration of the hormone administration and the emotional state of the animals. The mechanisms of alterations in content of the blood glycoproteins, their interrelationship and biosynthesis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Lavage of septic joints in rabbits: effects of chondrolysis.

Septic joints were produced in rabbits which were then treated with systemic procaine penicillin. One group of animals also had surgical lavage at four and seven days after bacterial inoculation. In the infected joints there was a significant loss of hexosamine by five days and of collagen by nine days. Lavage delayed the loss of collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Biochemical studies on dacron arterial prostheses.

Dacron arterial prostheses, treated or not with biopolymers (gelatin, glycosaminoglycans) were implanted in the abdominal aorta of dogs and the connective tissue synthetised inside and outside the prosthesis was studied. After 3 and 9 months of implantation the prosthesis, a joining portion and a piece of aorta were excised and put in organ culture with 14C-lysine for 3 days. Representative macromolecular extracts were then obtained by a "chemical dissection" procedure. The radioactivity and the chemical composition of these extracts was studied. The DNA content of the prosthesis was higher than that of the adjacent aorta showing a dense cellular repopulation of the prosthesis. This was confirmed by histology also which revealed the presence of a newly formed limiting elastic membrane and the presence of numerous elastic fibrils. Collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans could be detected in the macromolecular extracts showing that the cells which repopulated the prosthesis expressed a complete biosynthetic capacity as far as matrix macromolecules are concerned. The distribution of proteins in the extracts was as follows: 4% of total proteins were extracted in a 1M CaCl2-buffer 80% of total proteins in the collagenase extracts, 10% in the 6M urea extract. Only 0,2% of proteins were in the final elastase extract, 10 times less than in the joining aorta fragment. The proportion of the other proteins was similar in aorta and in the prosthesis as well as the chemical composition (hexosamine and hydroxyproline content) of the extracts. The proportion of collagenase-extractable proteins decreased with the time of implantation (from 3 to 9 months) and the proportion of urea-extractable proteins increased. This type of modification is similar to that found in aging aorta wall. 14C-lysine was actively incorporated in all macromolecular fractions studied. The incorporation pattern of the prothesis tissue was similar to that found for the joining host aorta, showing a similar regulatory tendency for matrix macromolecules. It appears therefore that a valid hemocompatible vascular type of connective tissue can be synthesised on the dacron arterial prosthesis and nature of this connective tissue can be influenced by previous biopolymer treatment of the synthetic prosthesis. The described procedure (incorporation of labelled precursors in organ culture) appears to be a valid method for the exploration of the regulatory processes underlying the synthetic capacity for matrix macromolecules of the newly formed tissue in the synthetic prosthesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of age on the urinary excretion of mucopolysaccharides].

Content of mucopolysaccharides was studied by a test for hexuronic acids and hexosamines in day urine of men and women at the age of 20-80, and older. Mucopolysaccharides were precipitated with ethanol. In urine content of mucopolysaccharides was slightly increased up to the age tof 40-54 and later on it was decreased. Content of acid mucopolysaccharides was lower in urine of women aged 20-29 than in urine of men of the same age group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tissue mucopolysaccharides and collagen in hypokinesia in rats].

The study of 98 rats showed an increased amount of collagen in the skeletal muscle, heart and kidneys of rats exposed to prolonged hypokinesia. The content of hexosamines decreased in the skeletal muscle, liver and brain and increased in the heart. The content of hexuronic acids in th skeletal muscle and kidneys increased and in the heart decreased. By the 60th day of the recovery period the collagen content in the skeletal muscle did not return to normal. After the exposure changes in the content of mucopolysaccharides in the liver, heart, brain and skeletal muscle were in some cases more expressed than during hypokinesia. The changes are discussed in terms of their possible effect on tissue permeability and fluid-electrolyte metabolism of hypokinetic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of sialic acid in lipoprotein fractions in fibrosarcoma bearing rats by 14C-glucose chase.

The changes in sialoglycoconjugates synthesis after administration of 14C-glucose to fibrosarcoma bearing rats were studied. After 1 hr treatment 14C-glucose tumor bearing rat synthesized hexosamine which contained more radioactivity when compared to sialic acid. On fractionation of lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (LDL) contained more sialic acid. This was further confirmed by separating the lipoproteins, as more radioactivity incorporation was observed in the LDL fraction. It is noteworthy that inspite of the tumor, high density lipoproteins (HDL) did not show any change.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A central pathological mechanism explaining diabetic complications?].

Diabetes mellitus is associated to micro- and macro-vascular lesions responsible for myocardial infarction, nephropathy, retinopathy and polyneuropathy. Four main pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed, all associated with hyperglycaemia: 1) increased flux in the polyol pathway; 2) increased flux in the hexosamine pathway; 3) protein kinase C activation; and 4) increased formation of advanced glycation endproducts. A common mechanism seems to play a central role in the activation of these various pathways. Indeed, an increased production of free radicals by mitochondria induced by hyperglycaemia may be responsible for the observed metabolic disturbances. The present article describes that theory and presents its possible therapeutic implications.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

[The effect of muscovite on the quality of gastric ulcer healing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of muscovite on the quality of gastric ulcer healing. METHOD: Gastric ulcers were produced in male rats by serosal application of acetic acid. Rats were gavaged for 14 days with saline, omeprazole and muscovite starting 3 days after ulcer induction. Then the tissue and blood samples were obtained and measured. RESULT: In the muscovite group, restored mucosa thickness increased, cystically dilated glands decreased, microvessels in connective tissue increased, the secretion of mucus, hexosamine, PGE2, EGF, bFGF were enhanced, and the express of EGFR was stronger. CONCLUSION: Muscovite can promote the gastric ulcer healing and improve the quality of gastric ulcer healing.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1991

Bone cement and wound healing. An experimental study in the rat.

The local effect of methyl methacrylate on wound healing was studied in rats using viscose cellulose sponges. A 7 mm diameter cylindrical section was removed from the sponges, filled with freshly prepared bone cement or left empty in controls. Two sponges were implanted subcutaneously into each rat. The concentrations of DNA, RNA-ribose, nitrogen, hydroxyproline, uronic acids and hexosamines of the sponges were determined 5, 10 and 21 days postoperatively. The concentrations of collagen and glycosaminoglycans were similar in experimental and control samples and only small differences were detected in the amounts of DNA. It was concluded that methyl methacrylate bone cement did not have any practical harmful effects on wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Biochemical changes in knee joint articular cartilage after cemented prosthetic hip hemiarthroplasty in dogs.

Biochemical changes in the distal femoral articular cartilage (knee joint) after cemented prosthetic replacement of the femoral head were determined. Femurs from dogs (n = 10) that had undergone cobalt-chromium prosthetic hip hemiarthroplasty (6-8 months postoperatively) were analyzed for articular cartilage lipids in the distal femur. The quantity of phosphatidylserine increased from 0.59 +/- 0.14 mg (uninvolved) to 1.52 +/- 0.23 mg (hemiarthroplasty) lipid phosphorus/100 g tissue, and the quantity of arachidonic acid in the articular cartilage increased from 0.23 +/- 0.07 mg (uninvolved) to 2.07 +/- 0.29 mg/100 g tissue (hemiarthroplasty). Likewise, hydroxyproline content was higher in the recipient femurs (77.4 +/- 1.58 micrograms/mg cartilage) versus uninvolved femurs (71.8 +/- 1.03 micrograms/mg cartilage); the activity of acid phosphatase was greater in the recipient distal femoral cartilage as compared with the uninvolved femur, 0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.06 +/- 0.02 mol hydrolyzed per kilogram per hour, respectively, and the hexosamine content was lower in the recipient femur knee cartilage versus knee cartilage from uninvolved femurs, 54.5 +/- 1.51 and 63.1 +/- 1.37 micrograms/mg cartilage, respectively. These biochemical changes may suggest degeneration of the knee joint articular cartilage after cemented hip hemiarthroplasty.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[Isolation of various structural elements of gram-negative bacteria of the Bordetella genus and a study of their properties. II. Isolation of the cytoplasmic membrane fraction from the protoplasts of B. pertussis and a study of their chemical and enzymatic properties].

A possibility of obtaining a fraction of cytoplasmic membranes maximally purified of the cell wall material was for the first time shown on a model of Gram negative bacteria (B. pertussis). The results of electron microscopy, chemical analysis for the presence of the cell wall material--hexosamines, and of the activity of the respiratory chain enzymes served as control.

Bordetella pertussis↗
PubMed1991

Studies on glycosylated plasma proteins in diabetic patients.

The level of glycosylated haemoglobin in the blood is considered as an index of long term blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Glycosylation of structural proteins also occur. The present study describes the levels of glycosylated blood proteins (nonenzymatic) and blood glycoproteins (enzymatic glycosylation) in four groups of diabetic patients (n = 80) as well as non-diabetic control subjects (n = 20). The patients were divided according to the treatment they received. Glycosylated haemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins, fasting plasma glucose, hexosamine, sialic acid and mucoproteins were measured in each subject. All of these measurements were significantly increased in diabetic patients however, glycoproteins were not significantly correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin or fasting glucose.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

Matrix metabolism and healing in the flexor tendon. Experimental studies on rabbit tendon.

I. The rabbit flexor tendon within the synovial sheath contains segments with fibrocartilage-like areas. These segments have a higher proteoglycan and a lower collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis compared to the segment with "true" tendon tissue. Cell proliferation is also lower within the proximal segment than in the intermediate and distal segments. These regional variations should be considered when interpreting experimental data. They may also be of importance for the variable healing capacity of different flexor tendon regions. II. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor, insulin and fetal calf serum stimulate matrix synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner in flexor tendon explants cultured for three days. rhIGF-I was more potent than insulin in stimulating cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. rhIGF-I also stimulated matrix synthesis to a higher degree than FCS. III. In long-term culture of flexor tendon explants, the addition of rhIGF-I to the culture medium stimulates matrix synthesis, but does not influence turn-over rates. The total hexosamine and collagen contents in tendons cultured in medium with rhIGF-I remain at the same level, while non-collagen protein content decreases. There are no major differences in matrix metabolism between tendons cultured in medium supplemented with FCS or with rhIGF-I only. rhIGF-I may therefore be used as a growth factor supplement in serum-free culture of tendon tissue. IV. Dehydration inhibits in vitro matrix synthesis and cell proliferation in tendon explants. These effects are counteracted by keeping the exposed tendon segments moist with physiological saline solution during preparation. The sensitivity of tendon tissue to dehydration should be considered during tendon surgery. V. Tendon explants, cultured in a diffusion chamber, survive and exhibit an intrinsic capacity for healing. In healing tendon segments incubated for three weeks, protein synthesis remains unchanged and collagen synthesis decreases, whereas the rate of cell proliferation increases as compared with native tendons. VI. Endotenon cells of the rabbit flexor tendon can restore the injured tendon surface and bridge the tendon gap. The rabbit flexor tendon is a morphologically and biochemically heterogeneous tissue with an intrinsic capability for healing. Tendon tissue is susceptible to dehydration and during exposure quickly looses its viability. The metabolic and proliferative capacity of the tendon is stimulated by growth factors and rhIGF-I may be of importance in tendon healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Assessment of criteria for forming follow-up groups of patients at high risk for ulcerogenesis in ambulatory care].

A method of clinico-laboratory examinations to reveal persons at high risk for the development of duodenal ulcer, suitable for wide use during prophylactic medical screenings was devised. The rise of the levels of serum pepsinogen-I, pepsin and hexosamines in the urine, being of prognostic importance as applicable to ulcerogenesis, was the most significant indicator in screening risk group patients. During 3 to 5 years of the screened group follow-up and carrying out health measures, peptic ulcer was ascertained in 8.4% of the patients with chronic gastroduodenitis. Of these, 66.6% had initially suffered from pylorobulbitis. It is shown that there is a real opportunity of preventing ulcer formation in patients with chronic primary gastroduodenitis under outpatient conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in gastric secretory function in peptic ulcer patients after gastric resection].

Gastric function was studied in 69 peptic ulcer patients in the long-term period after gastric resection according to Billroth-I and Billroth-II. Enzyme-producing function of the stomach was appraised according to the blood pepsinogen content, acid-forming function was assessed with the aid of intragastric pH-metry, and mucus-forming one in accordance with the content of hexosamines and sialic acids in gastric juice. The patients showed different alterations in gastric function. A correlation analysis was used to establish the role played by the neurohormonal systems (leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, gastrin, somatotropin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, cortisol) in the derangement of secretory function of the resected stomach. The data obtained enable one to come closer to understanding the ineffectiveness in some cases of drug and surgical therapy of peptic ulcer. On the other hand, specification of the regularities of the impairment of secretory function of the stomach will be helpful in elaborating methods of gastric function correction at the neurohormonal level.

Adult↗