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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Sensitivity of cold hemagglutination testing as a function of red cell age.

It has been suggested that freshly obtained red cells fail to agglutinate in the presence of antibody, and that the same cells left for several days at 4C in anticoagulant will usually be agglutinated by the same antibody, erythrocyte stabilization being responsible for this differential effectiveness of agglutination. Since supportive documentation for this assumption is not available, and since the concept of differential effectiveness of agglutination as a function of red cell age may be of great significance to the sensitivity of laboratory procedures which take advantage of antigen/antibody reactions, the above hypothesis was investigated using a cold agglutination procedure as a test system. Cold hemagglutination was chosen for reasons of expediency. Results of that investigation, possible explanations for the original hypothesis, and suggestions for further testing are presented here.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination-inhibition for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma gallisepticum in commercial broiler, fair and exhibition, and experimentally infected birds.

Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay and a new affinity-purified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibody to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) compared for use as confirmatory tests for the National Poultry Improvement Plan program. Samples from three different poultry populations with different prevalences of MG infection were studied: commercial broiler breeder birds (low prevalence of infection), fair and exhibition birds (moderate prevalence of infection), and experimentally infected birds (high prevalence of infection). Western immunoblots were used to confirm infection status in samples that had discrepancies between HI and ELISA results. The prevalence of infection in commercial broiler birds and in exhibition and fair birds in Florida was determined. Samples from culture-positive Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) flocks also were tested and compared for potential cross-reactions. The prevalence of MG infection was very low (< 1%) in the commercial population, with no significant difference between the HI and ELISA test results (P = 0.3157). The prevalence of MG infection in the fair and exhibition birds tested was approximately 40%, and ELISA was more accurate than HI for confirmation of MG infection in this population (P = 0.036). In birds experimentally infected with MG, there was no significant difference between HI and ELISA results (P = 0.6542). Of the 195 sera collected from flocks confirmed positive for MS by culture, 15% cross-reacted with the MG serum plate agglutination (SPA) test. There were no cross-reactions observed with either the MG ELISA or HI. There was a positive correlation of HI titers to ELISA values (R = 0.621, P < 0.01). Results from this study showed there were no differences between ELISA and HI as confirmatory tests in populations with a low prevalence of MG infection. However, ELISA was superior to HI in a population with moderate levels of MG infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Comparison between the plaque reduction neutralization test and the hemagglutination inhibition test in determination of human anti-measles antibodies].

In order to evaluate the difference between plaque reduction neutralization test (PNt) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test on human anti-measles antibodies, pre- and postimmunization sera collected from 328 infants aged 3-6 months who were immunized with Shanghai 191 measles vaccine, were detected by both methods. The results demonstrated that PNt was more sensitive than HI when they were used to measure the pre-immunization sera. No significant difference was found between these two methods when they were used to measure the post-immunization sera. PNt can be used to test low level maternal anti-measles antibodies in infants, especially for estimating the effect of maternal anti-measles antibodies on the immunogenicity of measles vaccine.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lethality, hemagglutination and adhesion of Escherichia coli strains (serotype 01) isolated in Morocco from chickens with colibacillosis.

Six strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from chickens with colibacillosis and belonging to serotype 01, were studied. All of them were lethal for 1-day-old chicks and were strongly adherent in vitro. Hemagglutination tests showed a strong reaction to horse and chicken erythrocytes. This reaction was inhibited by the addition of 5% D-mannose and also by overnight incubation at 18 C. When the strains were heated at 65 C or at 85 C for 1 hr, agglutination of horse and chicken erythrocytes was conserved only at 65 C. Purification of the subunit of fimbriae by several cycles of solubilization-crystallization using MgCl2 gave good results. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight for one strain was about 18.4 kD.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of incubation temperature on the results of passive hemagglutination test].

Passive hemagglutination test was carried out at several incubation temperatures: 4, 21, 37, and 56 degrees C. Blood sera of donors, salmonellosis enteritidis patients, and specific nonadsorbed sera were used in the study. The least fluctuations of the results were seen in tests with the sera with the least manifest immune properties. The optimal incubation temperatures were found 4 and 21 degrees C, and in 1/3 of cases cold incubation was found preferable. The relationship between antibody titers and incubation temperature may be described by the formula: T4 > or = T21 > or = T37 > or = T56, with Tn representing the reverse value of antibody titer in certain incubation temperature.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

[Serological diagnosis of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli(EHEC) infection by passive hemagglutination assay].

The passive hemagglutination(PHA) assay was developed to diagnose enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli(EHEC) infections serologically and was evaluated for the utility. The PHA assay was done using formalinized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with 2 kinds of antigens; soluble native and heat-treated antigens, by a microtiter method. A total of 63 serum samples from 33 HUS patients and 30 sporadic hemorrhagic colitis were subjected to the assay. For the control, 30 serum samples from 20 healthy adults and 10 healthy children were used. Thirty-two of 33 HUS patients had the antibody against soluble native antigen and/or heat-treated antigen of EHEC O157. These response was also observed in 14 HC cases with stool culture positive for EHEC O157. Good antibody response was observed against soluble native antigen than that against heat-treated antigen. The PHA titers distributed between 1:100 and 1:8,100 were observed in the samples taken in about 1 week or more after the onset of diarrhea, and the higher titer were observed in HUS patients than in HC patients. All of control sera were negative. The PHA assay described here is highly sensitive, simple and rapid method, and is recommended for the serological diagnosis of EHEC infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Determination of e antigen and antibody to e by means of passive hemagglutination method.

A simple and sensitive method was developed for the detection of e antigen and antibody to e (anti-e) by means of the passive hemagglutination (PHA) method. Sheep erythrocytes were fixed by glutraraldehyde and coated with either e antigen or anti-e which had been specifically purified from plasma of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B antigen by affinity column chromatography, and then by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. A gain in specific activity of more than 2000-fold for e antigen and 100-fold for anti-e was achieved as compared with the original plasma pool which was used as the source for purification. The PHA method was at least 300 times more sensitive than the conventional immunodiffusion method both for e antigen and anti-e assays. When the PHA method was applied for neat serum samples of 80 asymptomatic carriers, e antigen was found in 21.3% and anti-e in 62.5%, at rates much higher than those determined by immunodiffusion for the identical serum samples at 3-fold concentration (16.3 and 30.0%, respectively).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Completion of hemagglutination inhibition test by solid-phase radioimmunoassay test in routine diagnostic rubella serology.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) test for rubella virus IgG and IgM class antibodies was used for completing the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test in routine diagnostic serology. During a six-month period 80 serum specimens from 47 patients were tested by RIA because the HI test result was either unreliable or gave insufficient information. This was approximately 5% of the total number of serum specimens tested for rubella antibodies in our laboratory during the study period. The main indications for using the RIA test were improper timing in the taking of serum specimens, which accounted for IgM determination, and nonspecific agglutinins or nonspecific serum hemaglutination inhibitors, which disturbed the HI test. In all cases an unambiguous result was obtained by the RIA test, and five recent rubella infections, not diagnosably by the HI test, were detected. Based on these findings we consider the RIA test to be a good alternative among the methods proposed for diagnostic rubella serology.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1996

Indirect hemagglutination antibodies against Burkholderia pseudomallei in normal blood donors and suspected cases of melioidosis in Malaysia.

Interpretation of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for melioidosis in endemic areas is difficult because of the presence of antibodies in apparently healthy individuals. Fifty-three out of 200 healthy blood donors in Malaysia showed positive antibody titers (> or = 1 : 40) against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Seven percent had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 11% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 8.5% had a titer > or = 1 : 160. Out of 258 sera sent for melioidosis serology, 7% of the patients had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 9% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 20% had an IHA titer of > or = 1 : 160. If a titer of > or = 1 : 80 is taken as cut off point for positivity, 29% of the patients had positive melioidosis serology. Increasing the positivity threshold may jeopardize the sensitivity of the test. A more specific and sensitive test is needed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Studies on hemagglutination test on filariasis. I. The fractionation and purification of antigens by column chromatography and disc electrophoresis.

The fractionation of antigens for hemagglutination test from adult worms of Dirofilaria (D.) immitis was carried out by defatting with diethylether, sonication, centrifugation, gel-filtration on sephadex G-100 column, DEAE cellulose column chromatography, saturation with ammonium sulfate and disc electrophoresis. An antigen FPSD4 thus obtained, showed potent HA activity against sera from patients infected with Wuchereria (W.) bancrofti. But it was also reactive with normal sera. After elimination of the cross-reacting substance from antigen FPSD4 by the saturation of ammonium sulfate, a specific antigen FPSD4-2 was obtained. By the tests using FSCD4-2 in a protein concentration of 20 mug/ml, sera of 27 patients with microfilariae of W. bancrofti in their blood were examined and 18 positive cases (66.7% positive) were obtained. With 21 normal human sera, no cross reaction was found. As antigen FPSD4-2 showed about 20 protein bands, the further purification of the antigen by disc electrophoresis was carried out. Among three subfractions thus obtained, FPSDA which contained 5 protein bands was most reactive and specific.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1976

[A comparison of complete and incomplete antibodies by Middlebrook-Dubos, Boyden and Coombs hemagglutination tests in man].

The antibodies in the sera of 160 tuberculous persons and in a control group of 100 healthy persons were investigated by Middlebrook-Dubos (M-D), Boyden hemagglutination and modified M-D antiglobulin methods. By the M-D method 88% of the sera from 135 persons with lung tuberculosis, and 57.1% sera from 21 persons with other organ tuberculosis gave positive results. In the control group of 100 persons 11% were positive, while all of PPD negative persons remained negative. By Boyden method 90% of 135 lung tuberculosis, 57.1% of 21 with other organ tuberculosis and 4% of the control group gave positive results. In 91.2% of 80 persons with lung tuberculosis, tested with modified M-D antiglobulin method, found incomplete antibodies. The difference in control groups (11%, 4%), and in persons with active tuberculosis (88%, 90%) indicates that the serological tests are just as significant as other diagnostic methods.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of an erythrocyte preparation for detection of herpes antibody in the hemagglutination reaction].

A method for obtaining an erythrocyte diagnostic preparation for detection and titration of herpetic antibody in the passive hemagglutination test is reported. The use of this preparation for quantitative assay of herpetic antibody in sera from herpes simplex patients detected antibody in 100% of cases. Considerably less frequent findings of herpetic antibody were in human sera from diseases of other etiologies and in donor sera. Titers of antibody detected in the PHA test were 2--10 times higher than in the CFT. However, no differences between the PHA test and the CFT were found in per sent of seroconversions and in increase of antibody titers. The method is simple, sensitive and easy to perform in any clinical laboratory.

Hemagglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary investigations on the diagnostic value of passive hemagglutination and complement fixation tests in infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

In order to evaluate the efficiency of passive hemagglutination (PHA) and complement fixation (CF) tests for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections, 144 serum samples--out of which 81 from patients with respiratory and cutaneous infections and 63 from subjects with other diseases (controls)--were comparatively investigated by the two methods. The PHA test made evident a positivity index of 65% in the case of mixed pneumonias, as against 17% in controls, while the results obtained by CF were almost identical in the two groups investigated. The high specificity and sensitivity of the PHA reaction recommend this method for the diagnosis of acute M. pneumoniae infections.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a passive hemagglutination inhibition test for monitoring levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen following surgical therapy.

A technique of passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHI) has been used to monitor levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human sera following surgical therapy. CEA was coupled to human type O-negative erythrocytes in the presence of bis-diazotized benzidine. Pre-operative and post-operative sera from 11 patients with primary adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and from one patient with ulcerative colitis were then tested for their capacity to inhibit the agglutination of the sensitized cells in the presence of a predetermined amount of goat anti-CEA serum. Positive sera were defined as those which inhibited agglutination at dilutions of greater than 1:8. The pre-operative sera from 11 of the 12 patients inhibited agglutination at dilutions of 1:16 or greater. The one negative serum was from a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the colon in the stage of Dukes' C. At one month post-resection, the PHI titer of six patients with colon cancer and of the patient with ulcerative colitis was less than or equal to 1:8. However, by 4 months post-resection, all but 3 of the patients had PHI titers in the positive range. These elevated titers were accompanied by recurrence of tumor growth and/or metastatic dissemination. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate CEA in 22 of the sera which had been tested by PHI. When positive sera were defined as those which inhibited agglutination at dilutions of greater than 1:8 and contained CEA in excess of 5 ng per ml, the results of the two procedures were in agreement for 17 of the 22 specimens. Five sera, representative of 2 patients with colon cancer, were false negative by PHI.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Different sensitivity of hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities of Sendai virus to non-antibody inhibitors.

Research was carried out in order to verify if some components of human serum, which are capable of inhibiting the hemagglutination by Sendai virus, are active even towards the hemolysis by the same virus. It was ascertained that both orosomucoid and low-density lipoproteins obtained by floatation had no action on the hemolysis by Sendai virus while lipoproteins precipitated with dextrane sulphate showed a certain inhibiting effect. This action however is not due to lipoproteins but is probably related to some substances used in the method of precipitation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

[Use of the passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of meningococcal infection].

A considerable percentage of patients with meningococcus infection displayed an increase in the actibody titres to meningococcus, group A, detectable in the passive hemagglutination test (PHAT). An increase in the antibody titre was mose frequent in the patients with clinical manifestations of meningococciemia and meningitis. The PHAT can be used as an auxiliary method of diagnosis permitting to establish the meningococcus etiology of the disease in a number of cases.

Hemagglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

[Comparison of the sensitivity of the passive, indirect hemagglutination reaction and the latex fixation test in the demonstration of the migratory phase of experimental ascariasis (Ascaris suum) in swine].

The authoresses verified diagnostic sensitivity of two serological tests -passive indirect hemagglutination [IHA] reaction modified by the authoresses and latex-fixation test [LFT] when proving the post-invasion migratory phase of ascariasis [Ascaris suum] in experimentally infected swine. The IHA reaction was found to be more sensitive than the LFT in most cases [62.2%] by two to three values of the geometric series. The invasion can be detected by the IHA reaction from 7th to 120th day and by the LFT from 7th to 49th day after invasion.

Animals↗