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PubMed1967

A screening test for Wilson's disease and its application to psychiatric patients.

Varied modes of onset make the early diagnosis of Wilson's disease difficult. A deficiency of serum ceruloplasmin, usually characteristic of the disease, was used as the basis for a screening test. Simple test materials and provision for handling about 50 plasma samples simultaneously made this test feasible for large-scale screening.The screening test was applied to 336 persons hospitalized for psychiatric disorders, to detect patients with Wilson's disease before the classical symptoms appeared. Two patients with ceruloplasmin levels below the normal limits were detected but did not have Wilson's disease. Further application of the screening test to relatives of patients known to have Wilson's disease and to individuals with any symptoms of the disease (hepatic disease, extrapyramidal dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, behaviour problems in children) would aid in early diagnosis and more effective treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of the new gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist SL 76 002 on striatal acetylcholine: relation to neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal alterations.

A single injection of the new GABA receptor agonist SL 76 002 reduces the activity of striatal cholinergic neurons. Behaviorally, SL 76 002 (in large dose) potentiates haloperidol-induced catalepsy and antagonizes apomorphine-induced stereotypies. Repeated coadministration of haloperidol and SL 76 002 for 10 days does not affect the tolerance of the cholinergic system which is observed after haloperidol alone. In contrast, coadministration of the two drugs results in a marked prevention of the tolerance to the cataleptogenic action of haloperidol and of the increased sensitivity to apomorphine. It is suggested that (a) GABA mimetic medication inhibits striatal cholinergic transmission by a direct action on ACh cells; (b) behavioral effects resulting from alteration of dopaminergic transmission are--in contrast to the current view--not exclusively mediated by changes of cholinergic activity; (c) GABA affects striatal function via at least two mechanisms: by a direct input on, and independently from, both dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons; and (d) SL 76 002 possibly exerts a beneficial action in L-DOPA-induced abnormal movements in parkinsonian patients and neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesias.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute-onset extrapyramidal syndromes caused by drugs].

In childhood, several drugs are the cause of acute extrapyramidal syndromes which are true medical emergencies. In the course of one year out of 321 children with acute poisoning, 49 (14.9%) showed these side effects. The responsible drugs were mainly the phenothiazines and haloperidol; only in two cases the metoclopramide. The extrapyramidal syndromes were characterized by akathisia, dyskinesia with dystonic reactions, parkinsonism and akinesia. Diphenhydramine has shown to be useful in treating acute extrapyramidal disturbances when used intravenously followed by oral administration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of etorphine on dopamine and noradrenaline concentrations in different central nervous system structures in the rat.

The effect of etorphine on dopamine and noradrenaline concentrations in different central nervous system structures in the rat. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1977, 28 (6): 529-540. Intramuscular administration of etorphine in immobilizing doses (0.008 mg/kg) was followed by a rise in dopamine concentration in the examined motor structures of the central nervous system (striopallidum, pons, cerebellum, lumbosacral intumescence of the spinal cord). Only in the motor centres of the frontal cortex dropamine concentration was decreased. At the time etorphine decreased the concentration of noradrenaline in striopallidum and raised it in the other examined structures of the central nervous system. A correlation was found between the concentrations of both substances, especially in the frontal motor centres and striopallidum. Post etorphine accumulation of dopamine in the striopallidum (for 6.369 to 11.322 mcg/g of fresh tissue) with simultaneous inhibition of motor activity of the animals suggests that etorphine inhibits the release of dopamine from the presynaptic elements in the motor centres of the central nervous system in rats. This leads to a decreased dopamine action on its receptors. Some post etorphine behavioral changes (rigidity, spastic flexion, muscle tremor) support this hypothesis.

Animals↗