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Results for “ETHICS, PHARMACEUTICAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The ethics of access to online genetic databases: private or public?

With the sequencing of the human genome comes the promise of advances in medical science. For this promise to be fully realized, researchers must have access to information resulting from this landmark endeavor as well as from subsequent research initiatives. However, because genomic sequences are potential sources of profit for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, many private companies seek to limit access to this information. Some argue that this will impede scientific progress and increase the cost of basic research, while others argue that the privatization of genetic information is needed to assure profits and generate the considerable funding necessary to bring therapeutic products to the market. In analyzing the arguments for both sides, we conclude that both private funding and public access to information are important in genetic research. Precedents for compromise are necessary, as is increased dialog between private and public interests in order to ensure continued advancements in genetic science and medicine.

Databases, Genetic↗
PubMed2001

Drugs in pregnancy. Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy.

Pharmacokinetics describes the handling of a drug by the body - how the drug is absorbed, distributed and eliminated and how these processes determine plasma concentrations of the drug. Changes in maternal physiology during pregnancy influence pharmacokinetics, and this may have important sequelae for drug dosing, especially for drugs for which adverse effects occur at concentrations within, or just above, the therapeutic range. For many drugs absorption is decreased and elimination increased, thus tending to reduce plasma concentrations. There are, however, relatively few specific data on pharmacokinetics in pregnancy, compared to the non-gravid state, because of the obvious ethical issues surrounding studies during pregnancy. Most therapeutic guidelines are thus based on observational studies and basic principles.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1999

Compliance with advance directives: nursing's view.

The purpose for this article is to define the terms of the Advance Directive within the legal and medical community and then to explore the bioethical implications of the Advance Directive for the nurse. Over the last decade, a legal document has entered the arena of the health care facility: the Advance Directive. Today, not only is the critical care nurse responsible for technical handling of the ever-changing medical equipment, advances in medicine and nursing, and new pharmaceuticals, but this nurse is also responsible for being ever cognizant of a very important legal document called the Advance Directive.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2005

[Physicians in biomedical research in Chile: a species under risk of extinction].

Several studies have reported a progressive reduction in the number of grant applications and research projects approved by medical doctors (MD) in the United States. The overall trend and current situation of MDs actively involved in biomedical research in Chile has not been defined. Thus, we analyzed the professional profile of the principal investigators (PI) that have led research grants approved by the Technology and Medical Sciences study groups of the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), during the last 20 years. The results show that the projects led by MDs corresponded to 80% in 1984, decreasing to 50% in 2003, with further reduction projected for the next years. We think that the physician doing biomedical research represents a human resource indispensable to preserve a genuine academic environment within medical schools; thus, it is necessary to design and apply strategies to reverse this worrying trend of less MDs actively involved in research in Chile. Among these, we consider important to stimulate research activities at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of MD training particularly increasing the flexibility of the postgraduate fellowship programs. In addition, it is necessary to support both in terms of money and spare time those physicians who are beginning an academic career involved in biomedical research. Finally, we consider important that non-academic institutions (e.g., pharmaceutical companies, health medical organizations, and philanthropic foundations) should also support academic development and biomedical research in our medical schools.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Your money or your life: a new variation on the Heinz Dilemma.

Millions of Medicare-age Americans are drug dependent, not because of addiction but because of common chronic health problems such as diabetes, heart failure, high blood pressure, and arthritis. Seniors are up in arms because drug company control of distribution and pricing of pharmaceuticals is eating away hard-earned nest eggs. Who cares? Where's the justice?

Aged↗
PubMed1994

WHO guidelines for good clinical practice (GCP) for trials on pharmaceutical products: responsibilities of the investigator.

WHO has developed Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) for Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in order to establish globally applicable standards for the conduct of biomedical research on human subjects. A number of countries have no regulations for clinical trials or the regulations require supplementation. In those countries, the relevant health authority may designate, in part or in whole, the WHO GCP Guidelines as the basis on which clinical trials will be conducted. This article discusses the functions, obligations and responsibilities of the investigator as defined in the WHO GCP.

Clinical Protocols↗