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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Diseases and causes of mortality among sea turtles stranded in the Canary Islands, Spain (1998-2001).

This paper lists the pathological findings and causes of mortality of 93 sea turtles (88 Caretta caretta, 3 Chelonia mydas, and 2 Dermochelys coriacea) stranded on the coasts of the Canary Islands between January 1998 and December 2001. Of these, 25 (26.88%) had died of spontaneous diseases including different types of pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis, septicemic processes and neoplasm. However, 65 turtles (69.89%) had died from lesions associated with human activities such as boat-strike injuries (23.66%), entanglement in derelict fishing nets (24.73%), ingestion of hooks and monofilament lines (19.35%), and crude oil ingestion (2.15%). Traumatic ulcerative skin lesions were the most common gross lesions, occurring in 39.78% of turtles examined, and being associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus spp. infections. Pulmonary edema (15.05%), granulomatous pneumonia (12.90%) and exudative bronchopneumonia (7.53%) were the most frequently detected respiratory lesions. Different histological types of nephritis included chronic interstitial nephritis, granulomatous nephritis and perinephric abscesses, affecting 13 turtles (13.98%). Ulcerative and fibrinous esophagitis and traumatic esophageal perforation were the most frequently observed lesions in the esophagus, being associated in the majority of the cases with ingestion of fishing hooks. Larval nematodes of the Anisakidae family caused gastritis in 15 turtles (16.13%). Necrotizing and/or granulomatous hepatitis were the lesions most commonly observed in the liver (27.95%). Traumatic lesions included necrotizing myositis (10.75%) mainly caused by entanglement in fishing nets or boat-strikes, and amputation of 1 or 2 flippers (25.81%) by netting. Traumatic erosions and/or fractures of the carapace/plastron mainly caused by boat-strikes were also observed (26.88%). Eye lesions included heterophilic keratoconjunctivitis, ulcerative keratitis and heterophilic scleritis, affecting 7 turtles (7.53%).

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1995

[Statistical analysis of press-through-pack foreign body in the esophagus and its experimental investigation].

A statistical analysis was performed in patients with press-through-pack (PTP) foreign body in the esophagus encountered in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, from 1986 to 1993. Furthermore, the radiolucency of PTP and the possibility of mucosal injury of the esophagus by PTP were examined by experimental methods. We obtained the following results: 1) The incidence of PTP foreign body in the esophagus increased in the period from 1986 to 1994 as compared with that from 1978 to 1985. 2) PTP foreign body was lodged in the following area: cricopharyngeal narrowing > bronchio-aortic narrowing > hiatal narrowing. 3) Fluoroscopy with or without contrast material and flexible endoscopy were useful tools for diagnosis. 4) Direct esophagoscopy revealed mucosal erosion, hematoma, edema and intact mucosa in 14, 3, 3, and 6 patients, respectively. 5) The period of hospitalization was longer in patients with mucosal erosion than in those with intact mucosa. 6) The base of PTP made of aluminium could be detected as a radiopaque material by lateral projections, suggesting that PTP foreign bodies require roentgenograms made parallel to the base of PTP. 7) Histological study indicated that traumatic lesions in the extracted esophagus manually produced by the sharp corner of PTP were present in the mucosal layer and partially in the submucosal layer, suggesting that esophageal perforation by PTP was generated by additional factors such as secondary infection and iatrogenic trauma induced by esophagoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The esophageal obturator airway--a review.

The esophageal obturator airway (EOA) was introduced for clinical use in 1973. There have been few controlled studies on its effectiveness or safety; those published had differing results--one showed no clinically significant difference in PaO2 and PaCO2 between EOA and tracheal tube, while two others reported slightly increased PaCO2. Subsequent modifications include the esophageal pharyngeal airway, esophageal gastric tube airway, and Vermont, or Pilcher, model. The EOA is indicated in the apneic or deeply unconscious patient. It is contra-indicated in the conscious or semiconscious patient, in children, for more than 1-2 hours, and in known cases of esophageal trauma or pathology. The most commonly reported hazard is esophageal perforation; others include tracheal intubation (which is actually the most common hazard), failure to seal mask, failure to pass tube, incorrect assembly of mask and tube, the tube's becoming an intragastric foreign body, and obstruction to intubation. While the tube is not the hazard-free device it was once thought to be, it has a place in emergency airway management in preventing insufflation of air into the stomach as well as aspiration of gastric contents.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1999

Usefulness of the pedicled omental graft in thoracic surgery.

A retrospective evaluation on the usefulness of the pedicled omental graft (POG) in treating problems associated with thoracic surgery is reported. The omentum has been long used to manage numerous intra-abdominal problems because of its excellent blood supply that could limit the spread of infection. The POG finds even greater application in extraperitoneal use because it is able to extend to all areas of the thorax. In this study, we reviewed 25 patients with omentopexy cases in our thoracic surgery unit over the last 19 years. Indications and usage of the POG were divided into two categories. As a preventive measure, the POGs were used to wrap tracheal and bronchial anastomoses. As a corrective treatment, the POGs were used to wrap perforated esophageal lesions and bronchial stumps and cover postoperative bronchial and pulmonary fistulas, repair chest walls, fill empyema cavities, and control osteomyelitis in the sternum and ribs. Uneventful and successful treatments were obtained in 22 cases (88%). Two patients died due to multiple organ failure followed by sepsis, and another due to respiratory failure. The POG was considered to be effective and useful in treating both potential and existing conditions often encountered in thoracic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The emergency treatment of a recent burn of the oesophagus (author's transl)].

The emergency treatment of an oesophageal burn consist of: -- avoidance of a certain number of measures which may be considered to be dangerous or useless: gastric lavage, emetic agents, neutralising agents or oesophageal antacids; -- the treatment of shock and of oesophageal and gastric complications, in cases of massive ingestion in which the prognosis may be improved only by active, thorough and prolonged intensive therapy; -- attempting to prevent the development of subsequent stenosis following massive ingestions. The majority of authors are in agreement concerning the usefulness of early assessment by oesophagoscopy. There exists a certain amount of discord concerning the use of a calibrating oesophageal tube and the usefulness of corticosteroid therapy.

Burns↗
PubMed1998

[Injuries the esophagus].

An experience with treatment of 30 patients with ruptures of the esophagus of different genesis is generalized. The differentiated approach to choice of the method of treatment and character of surgical procedures, wider indications to plastic interventions on the esophagus wound with its suturing layer-after-layer, wide disclosure of the mediastinum and its purposeful drainage, use of the modern detoxication means favoured the achievement of quite satisfactory results of treatment. Lethality was 6.7%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stent-graft placement for pseudoaneurysm of the aorta.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of endovascular stent-graft placement to repair pseudoaneurysm of the aorta. METHODS: Six patients were treated with stent-grafts for pseudoaneurysms located in the thoracic aorta (n=2), thoracoabdominal aorta (n=3), and abdominal aorta (n=1). Etiologies of the pseudoaneurysms included leakage from surgical graft, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, pneumonia, perforated esophageal ulcer, and mycotic aneurysm. All patients were clinically considered to be at high surgical risk. RESULTS: Stent-grafts were successfully placed in all patients. There was one death in the perioperative period due to massive hemoptysis before stent-grafting. Two patients died of persistent infection. One patient with persistent perigraft leak died of rupture. Two other patients needed no further therapy for pseudoaneurysm. CONCLUSION: Stent-graft placement for pseudoaneurysm of the aorta can play the role of a temporizing method prior to surgical repair in high-risk cases and be a therapeutic alternative in cases without infection or perigraft leakage.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed2003

Postoperative vomiting causing esophageal rupture after antiemetic use. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Antiemetic medications are commonly used in the postoperative patient. Despite the lack of evidence-based data, these medications have also been increasingly used in the management of postoperative ileus. This practice is dangerous and increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. CASE: A 77-year-old woman underwent an uneventful total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The patient developed abdominal distention and vomiting, which were managed with antiemetic medication. The patient continued to vomit, developed esophageal rupture (Boerhaave's syndrome) and died of sepsis and multiorgan failure. CONCLUSION: Despite no scientific evidence for it, the practice of using antiemetic medications and prokinetic agents in the management of postoperative ileus continues. This places the patient at increased risk for completely preventable morbidity, including aspiration, pneumonia, esophageal perforation, prolonged hospital stay and death.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Patient outcomes and dysphagia after laparoscopic antireflux surgery performed without use of intraoperative esophageal dilators.

Esophageal dilators (EDs) are commonly used during antireflux surgery but are a known cause of esophageal perforation. We hypothesized that the usage of ED during laparoscopic fundoplications (LFs) would not improve dysphagia rates or outcome. A retrospective review of 268 consecutive patients and a postoperative patient survey were performed to compare outcomes in patients undergoing LF. Eighty-nine patients had an ED placed and 179 did not. Significant postoperative dysphagia occurred in seven (8%) and six (3%), respectively (P = 0.123) and postoperative heartburn in five (6%) and three (2%), respectively (P = 0.865), in a mean 26.8-month follow-up. Patient survey results demonstrated good to excellent satisfaction in 89 per cent of patients in both groups. We conclude that the results of LF are equivalent with respect to control of heartburn and risk of dysphagia regardless of ED usage. Selective rather than routine use of EDs is recommended.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed2000

[Descending cervical mediastinitis: report of 15 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause, diagnosis and treatment of descending cervical mediastinitis. METHODS: Fifteen cases of descending cervical mediastinitis, which were treated from January 1985 to December 1997, were retrospectively reviewed. There were 10 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 2.5 to 82 years. RESULTS: The cause of descending cervical mediastinitis included odontogenic infection, suppurative tonsillitis, suppurative otitis media (cholesteatoma) complicating Mouret abscess, pharyngeal injury by foreign body and esophageal perforation. Different ways of drainage were adopted. Twelve cases were cured and three died. CONCLUSION: The key to successful management of descending cervical mediastinitis is early recognition, prompt and effective surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Results of treatment for chronic pleural empyema].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to assess the results of the treatment in 97 patients with chronic pleural empyema treated in the department of thoracic surgery between 1988 and 1997. The majority of patients were between 30 and 50 years old. Most of the group were men and more than a half had a concomitant disease, which may predispose to empyema development. Nevertheless all the empyemas were in the chronic phase 1/3 of patients were successfully treated only with closed chest tube drainage and the remaining group with lung decortication. The Gram-negative bacterial flora dominated in the culture from empyema sac. Spirometric values and blood gas analysis showed significant reduction of lung function before the treatment. We found the relation between an early institution of closed tube drainage and the shorter stay at the hospital. Moreover in a significant proportion of patients pleural drainage was a sufficient way of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Drainage of the empyema should be performed at early phase of the disease. It should be recommended that pleural drainage precede the surgical management of empyema. Delate of surgical intervention is the main cause of the high mortality rate in empyema following esophageal perforation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Aimed fistulization in spontaneous ruptures of the thoracic esophagus after delayed diagnosis. Apropos of 4 cases].

Of four cases of spontaneous rupture of thoracic esophagus treated, three were the object of direct fistulization on a Kehr's drain because of the delay in diagnosis. This technique remains valid since it provides satisfactory drainage without excluding the focus, reduces the time of hospital care when compared with that for simple suturing, and appears preferable to methods of esophageal exclusion which often require a secondary surgical procedure.

Aged↗