SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ENDOSCOPY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of patient symptoms and nasal endoscopy in the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis.

The diagnosis of chronic sinusitis can be difficult due to the variety and lack of specificity of presenting symptoms. Sinus CT scanning is presently considered the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method, but is expensive. In order to determine whether a combination of patient symptoms and nasal endoscopy could be used to predict which patients would have CT evidence of chronic sinusitis, we conducted a prospective study in which 92 consecutive patients referred for chronic sinusitis were required to fill out a questionnaire detailing their symptoms. Their responses were then correlated with subsequent findings on nasal endoscopy and CT scanning. Briefly, we found that patients with headache or facial pain as their chief complaint were less likely to have evidence of sinusitis than patients whose chief complaint was nasal obstruction or postnasal drip. Also, nasal endoscopy was shown to be moderately sensitive and highly specific in predicting results of CT scanning.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus. A new, simple technique.

A new, simple and inexpensive technique of endoscopy of the maxillary sinus is presented. With this technique the expensive modern optical systems for maxillary antrum endoscopy are replaced by a common otoscope and a trocar specially designed to fit into the lumen of the otoscope. They are introduced into the maxillary sinus through the canine fossa. After the removal of the trocar the otoscope remains in the sinus and endoscopy of all the maxillary sinus can be performed very easily and quickly.

Endoscopes↗

PubMed1995

Contact endoscopy of the vocal cord: normal and pathological patterns.

Contact endoscopy allows an in vivo and in situ study of the superficial layers of the vocal cord epithelium. This technique offers access to some characteristics of the epithelium cells: dimension and shape of the nuclei, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, keratosis, presence of nucleolus, mitosis and koylocites. Contact endoscopy was performed during microlaryngoscopies in 92 patients with benign, pre-malign and malign pathology of the vocal cords. Systematic confrontation with pathological examination and laryngectomy specimens studied by histology and electron microscopy were used to improve the interpretation of contact endoscopy findings. Based on this correlation it has been possible to analyse the transition of the squamous and ciliated epithelium of the vocal cord as well as to delineate some pathological patterns, e.g. chronic laryngitis, keratosis, dysplasia, tumor and papilloma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Bleeding pattern before admission as guideline for emergency endoscopy.

In a prospective study of 539 patients admitted because of hematemesis and melena the bleeding pattern before admission was compared with the findings obtained on emergency endoscopy and the subsequent clinical course. Ranked in order of prognostic importance, red hematemesis with melena, black hematemesis with melena, and red hematemesis alone increased the probability of massive hemorrhage. Moreover, black hematemesis with melena was the superior predictor of bleeding ulcer, the commonest lesion carrying the risk of massive hemorrhage. In contrast, in patients with melena or black hematemesis alone massive hemorrhage occurred comparatively infrequently. The order of prognostic importance was supported by the transfusion requirement. In screening for a potentially life-threatening ulcer hemorrhage, emergency endoscopy is recommended in patients with black hematemesis with melena or with red hematemesis with or without melena. In patients presenting with black hematemesis or melena alone endoscopy may be postponed to the next convenient daytime.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Prospective study of prevalence and endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of duodenal polyps in patients submitted to upper endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies of duodenal polyps have shown a prevalence of 0.3%-1.5% in patients referred to upper endoscopy, and histopathologic classifications have been inconsistent. METHODS: A prospective consecutive study was carried out in 584 patients referred to diagnostic upper endoscopy. Symptoms were registered on a questionnaire, endoscopic and histopathologic findings on standard forms. The same pathologist evaluated all biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had polyps in the first and/or second part of the duodenum, for a prevalence 4.6%. Sixteen polyps were either inflammatory (nine polyps) or ectopic gastric mucosa (seven polyps). Both of these polyp types were practically always non-solitary, sessile, small, and located in the duodenal bulb. Seven polyps were covered by normal mucosa, three being endoscopically typical lipomas. Two polyps were adenomas (0.4% of all the patients and 7% of the polyps), and both were found in the descending part. One hyperplastic polyp of the gastric type and one case of fibrosis were found. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Duodenal polyps are found in 4.6% of patients referred to upper endoscopy and should therefore be looked for. 2) Multiple, small polyps in the duodenal bulb are always benign and need neither biopsy nor treatment (in patients with familial polyposis biopsy is recommended). 3) In the descending duodenum polyps are rare, but a substantial number of them are adenomas. Biopsy is therefore mandatory in this localization.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1997

Transendoscopic ultrasonography during conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Clinical evaluation of a linear 20-MHz probe system.

BACKGROUND: Endoluminal ultrasonography provides detailed images of the gastrointestinal wall and surrounding tissue. Miniature ultrasound probes can be applied during conventional endoscopy. METHODS: The supplementary diagnostic information obtained during endoscopy with a linear 20-MHz ultrasound probe system was independently assessed by two observers applying a general rating system on 188 consecutive examinations in 173 patients. RESULTS: On average, 70% of the examinations were found to contribute conclusive or important supplementary information that could potentially influence treatment or further patient evaluation (substantial diagnostic yield). Substantial diagnostic yield was most often obtained in patients with known malignancy (92%), stenoses (81%), or subepithelial masses (80%) and more often in patients with malignant (85%) than in those with benign (61%) conditions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Transendoscopic ultrasonography using a 20-MHz linear miniature ultrasound probe may provide substantial supplementary diagnostic information during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially in patients with malignant disease and with stenotic or subepithelial lesions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Endoscopy-assisted wide-vertex craniectomy, "barrel-stave" osteotomies, and postoperative helmet molding therapy in the early management of sagittal suture craniosynostosis.

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, associated complications, and outcome in patients with sagittal suture craniosynostosis in whom endoscopy-assisted wide-vertex craniotomy and "barrel-stave" osteotomy were performed. METHODS: During a 4-year period, 59 patients with sagittal suture synostosis underwent endoscopy-assisted wide-vertex craniectomies, barrel stave-like osteotomies, and postoperatively were fitted with custom-made molding helmets. Data on operative time, blood loss, transfusion rates, hospital length of stay, complications, and hospital charges were collected prospectively. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 3.7 months. The average blood loss was 31.8 ml; and only one patient required an intraoperative blood transfusion. Nine patients received transfusions of donor blood postoperatively. The mean operative time was 50 minutes, and all but three patients were discharged from the hospital the morning following surgery. There were no intraoperative complications. Normocephaly as well as normal cephalic indices were observed at latest follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that early treatment of infants with sagittal suture craniosynostosis by using minimally invasive, endoscopy-assisted wide-vertex craniectomies provides excellent results and a significantly lower morbidity rate than traditional calvarial vault reconstructive procedures.

Blood Transfusion↗

PubMed2004

Subacute bacterial endocarditis associated with upper endoscopy.

Transient bacteremia associated with various endoscopic procedures is a well-documented phenomenon. Clinically important bacteremias are very rarely seen, however, this malady has significant morbidity in susceptible patients with valvular heart disease, liver cirrhosis, malignancy and immune deficiency. This bacteremia is a complication that is generally observed secondary to upper endoscopy and other associated invasive procedures in at risk patients, and the more serious manifestations include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, septic arthritis, meningitis, brain abscess and infective endocarditis. Infective endocarditis is an extremely rare complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy, and it has been convincingly documented in only seven cases. We report a case of native valve endocarditis due to Streptococcus intermedius in a patient with valvular heart disease as a consequence of routine upper endoscopy.

Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial↗

PubMed2005

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injuries identified by double-balloon endoscopy.

AIM: To clarify clinical features of the NSAID-induced small bowel lesions using a new method of endoscopy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study and we analyzed seven patients with small bowel lesions while taking NSAIDs among 61 patients who had undergone double-balloon endoscopy because of gastro-intestinal bleeding or anemia between September 2000 and March 2004, at Jichi Medical School Hospital in Japan. Neither conventional EGD nor colonoscopy revealed any lesions of potential bleeding sources including ulcerations. Double-balloon endoscopy was carried out from oral approach in three patients, from anal approach in three patients, and from both approaches in one patient. RESULTS: Ulcers or erosions were observed in the ileum in six patients and in the jejunum in one patient, respectively. The ulcers were multiple in all the patients with different features from tiny punched out ulcers to deep ulcerations with oozing hemorrhage or scar. All the patients recovered uneventfully and had full resolution of symptoms after suspension of the drug. CONCLUSION: NSAIDs can induce injuries in the small bowel even in patients without any lesions in both the stomach and colon.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2005

Breath and string test: a diagnostic package for the identification of treatment failure and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori without the necessity of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

AIM: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) resistance after failed eradication has a major impact on the outcome of a further treatment regimen. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a non-invasive strategy using the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) and the gastric string test in identifying post-treatment resistance of H pylori. METHODS: The UBT was routinely performed 4 to 6 wk after H pylori eradication therapy. Forty-two patients (24 females, 18 males, mean age 48 years) with a positive UBT were included in the study. A gastric string test using a capsule containing a 90 cm-long nylon fiber was performed. Before the capsule was swallowed, the free end of the string was taped to the cheek. After one hour in the stomach, the string was withdrawn. The distal 20 cm of the string was inoculated onto an agar plate and processed under micro-aerophilic conditions. Following the string test, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to obtain gastric biopsies for conventional culture. RESULTS: H pylori was successfully cultured from the gastric string in 34 patients (81%), but not in 5 patients due to contamination with oropharyngeal flora. H pylori was cultured from the gastric biopsies obtained at endoscopy in 39 patients (93%). CONCLUSION: The UBT followed by the gastric string test in the case of treatment failure is a valid diagnostic strategy with the aim of determining the post-therapeutic antibiotic resistance of H pylori with little inconvenience to the patient. Upper GI-endoscopy can be avoided in several cases by applying consequently this diagnostic package.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2006

Double-balloon endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of GI tract diseases: Methodology, indications, safety, and clinical impact.

AIM: To prospectively evaluate the indications, methodology, safety, and clinical impact of double-balloon endoscopy. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with suspected or documented small- or large-bowel diseases were investigated by double balloon endoscopy. A total of 103 procedures were performed (42 from the oral route, 60 from the anal route, and 1 from the stoma route). The main outcome measurements were the time of insertion and the entire examination, complications, diagnostic yields, and the ability to successfully perform treatment. RESULTS: Observation of the entire small intestine was possible in 10 (40%) of 25 patients with total enteroscopy. The median insertion time was 122 min (range, 74-199 min). Observation of the entire colon was possible in 13 (93%) of 14 patients after failure of total colonoscopy using a conventional colonoscope. Small-intestine abnormalities were found in 20 (43%) of 46 patients with indications of suspected or documented small bowel diseases, obscure GI tract bleeding, or a history of ileus. Endoscopic procedures including tattooing (n = 33), bite biopsy (n = 17), radiographic examination (n = 7), EUS (n = 5), hemostasis (n = 1), polypectomy (n = 5), balloon dilatation (n = 1), endoscopic mucosal resection (n = 1) and lithotripsy (n = 1) were all successfully performed. No relevant technical problems or severe complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Double balloon endoscopy is a feasible technique that allows adequate small and large bowel examination and potentially various endoscopic procedures of small-intestinal lesions. It is safe, useful, and also provides a high clinical impact.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Sensitivity and inter-observer variability for capsule endoscopy image analysis in a cohort of novice readers.

AIM: To determine the performance of novice readers (4th year medical students) for detecting capsule endoscopy findings. METHODS: Ten capsule endoscopy cases of small bowel lesions were administered to the readers. Gold standard findings were pre-defined by gastroenterologists. Ten gold standard "targets" were identified among the 10 cases. Readers were given a 30-min overview of Rapid Reader software and instructed to mark any potential areas of abnormalities. A software program was developed using SAS to analyze the thumbnailed findings. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity for detecting the gold standard findings was 80%. As a group, at least 5 out of 10 readers detected each gold standard finding per recording. All the gold standard targets were identified when the readers' results were combined. Incidental finding/false positive rate ranged between 8.2-59.8 per reader. CONCLUSION: A panel of medical students with minimal endoscopic experience can achieve high sensitivity in detecting lesions on capsule endoscopy. A group of novice readers can pre-screen recordings to thumbnail potential areas of small bowel lesions for further review. These thumbnails must be reviewed to determine the clinical relevance. Further studies are ongoing to assess other cohorts.

Diagnostic Imaging↗

PubMed2004

Usefulness of capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected small bowel disease.

AIM: To study the usefulness and safety of capsule endoscopy as a diagnostic tool in various small bowel disorders. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of a series of cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between August 2001 and August 2002, 92 capsule endoscopy procedures were performed in 88 patients (53M/39F, age: 43.87 +/- 16.78). Indications included: chronic diarrhea (n=33); unknown abdominal pain (n=29); occult gastrointestinal bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia (n=13); abdominal discomfort in NSAID takers (n=7); staging of gastrointestinal tumors (n=4), and asymptomatic controls (n=2). Previously performed gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and small-bowel follow-through were not conclusive in all patients. RESULTS: Most frequently relevant findings included: jejuno-ileal aphtas and ulcerations (29 patients), vascular malformations (13 patients), and intestinal neoplasm (6 patients). The groups with a higher rate of findings related to this indication were occult gastrointestinal bleeding (76.92%) and chronic diarrhea (67.85%), with the lowest rate in the abdominal pain group (34.48%). Therapeutic strategy was directly changed in 36 of 88 patients (40.90%) because of capsule-endoscopic findings. The only observed complication was the failed excretion of one of the capsules because of an unknown ulcerated intestinal stricture. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy is a safe procedure which can study the entire small bowel, meaning a valuable tool for the management of patients with suggestive signs and symptoms of intestinal disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Previously unknown stricture due to radiation therapy diagnosed by capsule endoscopy.

Radiation enteritis is a complex clinical entity secondary to the affectation of intestinal epithelial cells as a result of radiation in the management of pelvic malignancies that may occasionally cause intestinal strictures. We present the case of a 60 year-old woman who had been diagnosed ten years before with endometrial adenocarcinoma, and who underwent hysterectomy with double adnexectomy and subsequent radiation therapy. The patient consulted for abdominal pain and ferropenic anemia of several years standing, and had negative results following radiographic and endoscopic conventional techniques, reason why she was subjected to a capsule endoscopy study that revealed the presence of an ulcerated ileal stricture, which caused the asymptomatic retention of the capsule within the ileum. A laparotomy was subsequently performed--the strictured segment was resected and the capsule retrieved. The histologic examination of the resected segment confirmed the capsule endoscopy-raised suspicion of radiation enteritis. This case shows the role capsule endoscopy may play in the diagnosis of this condition.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed1976

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in surgical practice.

The use of fiberoptic endoscopy provides an accurate diagnosis in more than 90% of patients with lesions in the oesophagus, stomach and proximal duodenum. It is, however, an expensive and time-consuming investigation and is not always necessary when a satisfactory diagnosis has been made after radiological examination. Groups of patients have now been identified in which endoscopy is of particular value to the surgeon. When there is doubt about the diagnosis after radiological examination, particularly regarding the malignancy of a gastric ulcer, when an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurs, when postgastrectomy patients present with symptoms, and when persistent symptoms occur in the absence of radiological findings, endoscopy is mandatory for an accurate diagnosis to be achieved and rational treatment instituted.

Dyspepsia↗

PubMed1982

Fentanyl and diazepam in endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

To compare the effect of fentanyl, a short-acting narcotic analgesic, with that of diazepam as intravenous premedication for endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, we allocated at random 200 consecutive outpatients requiring elective endoscopy to receive either fentanyl or diazepam; the procedure was evaluated both by the endoscopist and by the patient. The endoscopists' opinion of the ease of the procedure was significantly better for the group of patients who received fentanyl than for the group who received diazepam (P less than 0.001). The patients' opinion of the procedure was not influenced by the premedication used. No serious side effects were observed in either patient group. We concluded that fentanyl has significant advantages over diazepam as premedication for endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Endoscopy in a deployed combat support hospital: maintaining military end-strength.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the safety and efficacy of the 48th Combat Support Hospital's use of diagnostic endoscopy in Afghanistan. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on the medical records of all endoscopy patients treated at the 48th Combat Support Hospital in Bagram, Afghanistan, from December 6, 2002 through June 7, 2003. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (male, 21; female, 3; mean age, 35 years) underwent 28 endoscopic procedures as follows: colonoscopy, 14; esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), 13; and flexible sigmoidoscopy, 1. Four patients underwent both EGD and colonoscopy. There were no complications. Of the 18 U.S. military patients, 3 (15%) were evacuated for further evaluation and/or treatment and 1 (5%) patient underwent an elective screening colonoscopy. For 14 of 17 U.S. military personnel (82%), the endoscopic procedures obviated evacuation from Afghanistan. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic colonoscopy and EGD were valuable and safe adjuncts that precluded evacuations out of theater for 82% of military patients. Endoscopy should be used when U.S. military operations necessitate the deployment of large numbers of forces for protracted periods.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Digestive endoscopy in five decades.

The world of gastroenterology changed forever when flexible endoscopes became available in the 1960s. Diagnostic and therapeutic techniques proliferated and entered the mainstream of medicine, not without some controversy. Success resulted in a huge service demand, with the need to train more endoscopists and to organise large endoscopy units and teams of staff. The British health service struggled with insufficient numbers of consultants, other staff and resources, and British endoscopy fell behind that of most other developed countries. This situation is now being addressed aggressively, with many local and national initiatives aimed at improving access and choice, and at promoting and documenting quality. Many more consultants are needed and some should be relieved of their internal medicine commitment to focus on their specialist skills. New instruments and procedures are stretching the diagnostic boundaries and changing the interface with sister disciplines like radiology, surgery and pathology. The old distinctions, particularly between gastroenterology and surgery, are increasingly irrelevant and unhelpful. The future is bright for gastroenterology and for endoscopy, but unpredictable. In this fast-changing world it will be essential to remain flexible, with our goals firmly focused on the best interests of our patients.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗