Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Drive”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Development of visual evoked potentials and photic driving responses in normal full term, low risk premature, and Trisomy-21 infants during the first year of life.

Stroboscopic visual evoked potentials (SVEPs) and photic driving responses were recorded during the first week of life post term and at 4, 13, 26 and 52 weeks in normal full term, low risk premature, and Trisomy-21 infants. The age effect on SVEP P2 peak latency was significant (P less than 0.001). P2 latency for the Trisomy-21 group was significantly prolonged at 1 week of age only. Voltages and interhemispheric symmetry were highly variable, with no significant age or group effects. There is considerable variability in photic driving effects, even within sessions. Maximal driving frequencies are difficult to determine; they may be near 15 Hz at term. The age effect on optimal driving frequency (3-4 Hz at week 1 increasing to 5 Hz at 12 months) was significant (P less than 0.001). The between-groups effect was not significant. The results are discussed in terms of (1) our own previous results, (2) previous results reported in the literature, and (3) significance in clinical applications.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Scaling respiratory pattern and respiratory 'drive'.

We tested three predictions regarding the relationship between body size and respiratory 'drive' and timing in mammals. Mechanical considerations had led to the prediction that TE/TTOT and probably TI/TTOT would be interspecific constants. In eleven species of mammals, ranging in size from 0.033 kg to 520 kg, TE/TTOT during awake quiet breathing was an interspecific constant with a value of 0.65 (+/- 0.004); TI/TTOT was 0.345 (+/- 0.004). Given that VT is directly proportional to BW1.0 (Stahl, 1967), if TE and TI are directly proportional to BW0.28 (Bennett and Tenney, 1982), and if VT/TI is an index of respiratory 'drive', then 'drive' should be directly proportional to BW0.72, following the same proportionality with body size as does basal metabolic rate (VO2). Data for the same eleven species gave the relationship VT/TI BW0.74. Testing further the notion that 'drive', on a weight specific basis, is proportional to BW-0.26, we studied the response, % delta VI, in eleven species to approximately 12% inspired O2. This 'output' of the system in response to a hypoxic stimulus was found to scale with BW-0.27. The question whether this reflects a higher set 'gain' of the respiratory controller of smaller animals and/or some feature of the innervation, or intrinsic properties of the respiratory muscles that varies with body size is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Relationships among production traits and estimates of sex drive and dominance value in yearling beef bulls.

Average daily gain (ADG) and final test weight (FTW) were compared with libido score (L), serving capacity score (SC), reaction time to first mount (RTM), reaction time to first service (RTS) and dominance value (DV) in 90 purebred yearling beef bulls which had just completed an 140-day performance test. The bulls represented 15 breeding lines (12 Hereford, 2 Black Angus and 1 Red Angus) and nine sires within lines. Libido and serving capacity assessments were applied to randomly selected groups of two bulls which were tested for 10-minutes with nonestrous heifers restrained in service crates. RTM and RTS were recorded for both tests. Social dominance was assessed during randomized observations of social interactions between bulls within their pen groups (comprising 9 to 10 bulls) over four days. Two methods of determining social dominance (DV1 and DV2) were employed initially. Differences occurred among both lines and sire/lines in mean and best libido scores (P < .05). Sire/lines differed in L1, while both lines and sire/lines differed in L2 (P < .05). These differences were not reflected in either reaction times or serving capacity scores. Sires and sire/lines both differed in FTW (P < .05 and P < .01 respectively), while DV1 differed with sire/lines (P < .01). DV1 and DV2 were highly correlated (r = .84). Those sex-drive estimates which correlated with DV1 were the mean and best libido scores, mean serving capacity score, L2 and RTS 1 (P < .05). All correlations were negative, indicating that dominance and sex-drive may be unfavourably related in yearling beef bulls. ADG and FTW showed negative correlations with the mean and best serving capacity scores and with SC2 (P < .05). The only positive correlations between the two production traits and a sex-drive estimate was with RTM 2 (P < .05). This indicates that ADG and FTW may be unfavourably related to sex-drive in yearling beef bulls.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Driving experience and the risk of traffic accident among motorcyclists.

In a case-control study on the risk of traffic accidents among motorcyclists in Singapore, we demonstrated an inverse monotonic relationship between accident risk and driving experience. As compared to drivers with less that 1 yr of driving experience, the odds ratios (adjusted for race, age and frequency of riding) for those with driving experience of 1-4, 5-9 and 10 yr or more were 0.60, 0.50 and 0.36, respectively. We propose that intensive in-circuit training of learner motorcyclists should replace the conventional on-the-road training on the basis that the former serves to increase their driving experience without subjecting the learner motorcyclists to the risk of sustaining road accident.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Retail alcohol monopolies, underage drinking, and youth impaired driving deaths.

OBJECTIVE: To explore associations of state retail alcohol monopolies with underage drinking and alcohol-impaired driving deaths. DATA: Surveys on youth who drank alcohol and binge-drank recently and their beverage choices; census of motor vehicle fatalities by driver blood alcohol level. METHODS: Regressions estimated associations of monopolies with under-21 drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-impaired driving deaths, and odds a driver under 21 who died was alcohol-positive. RESULTS: About 93.8% of those ages 12-20 who consumed alcohol in the past month drank some wine or spirits. In states with a retail monopoly over spirits or wine and spirits, an average of 14.5% fewer high school students reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days and 16.7% fewer reported binge drinking in the past 30 days than high school students in non-monopoly states. Monopolies over both wine and spirits were associated with larger consumption reductions than monopolies over spirits only. Lower consumption rates in monopoly states, in turn, were associated with a 9.3% lower alcohol-impaired driving death rate under age 21 in monopoly states versus non-monopoly states. Alcohol monopolies may prevent 45 impaired driving deaths annually. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing existing retail alcohol monopolies should help control underage drinking and associated harms.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

City bus driving and low back pain: a study of the exposures to posture demands, manual materials handling and whole-body vibration.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate worker exposure to posture demands, manual materials handling (MMH) and whole body vibration as risks for low back pain (LBP). Using validated questionnaire, information about driving experience, driving (sitting) posture MMH, and health history was obtained from 80 city bus drivers. Twelve drivers were observed during their service route driving (at least one complete round trip) and vibration measurements were obtained at the seat and according to the recommendations of ISO 2631 (1997), for three models of bus (a mini-bus, a single-decker bus, a double-decker bus). The results showed that city bus drivers spend about 60% of the daily work time actually driving, often with the torso straight or unsupported, perform occasional and light MMH, and experience discomforting shock/jerking vibration events. Transient and mild LBP (not likely to interfere with work or customary levels of activity) was found to be prevalent among the drivers and a need for ergonomic evaluation of the drivers' seat was suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Respiratory drive in hindlimb motoneurones of the anaesthetized female cat.

Anatomical studies have shown a monosynaptic projection from nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) to semimembranosus (Sm) motor nucleus in female cats, which is stronger in oestrus. Expiratory bulbospinal neurones are the best documented functional cell type in the NRA. If these cells participate in this projection, an expiratory drive would be expected in Sm motoneurones and this drive would be expected to be stronger in oestrus. In anaesthetized, paralyzed, ovariohysterectomized female cats, artificially ventilated to produce a strong respiratory drive (as monitored by phrenic nerve discharges), intracellular recordings were made from Sm motoneurones and from motoneurones in the surrounding hindlimb motor nuclei that are outside the focus of the NRA projection. The animals comprised two groups: either treated for 7 days with oestradiol benzoate (oestrous) or untreated (non-oestrous). Central respiratory drive potentials (CRDPs) were observed in most motoneurones of both groups, with amplitudes larger for the oestrous than for the non-oestrous group (1.58+/-1.34 mV versus 0.89+/-0.79 mV, mean+/-S.D.). However, the CRDPs most often consisted of a maximum depolarization in early expiration, which declined in late expiration and into inspiration. This pattern is different from the incrementing firing pattern of most expiratory bulbospinal neurones. The CRDPs in Sm and semitendinosus motoneurones (located in the same motor column) were of similar size and frequency to CRDPs in motoneurones outside that column. The hypothesis that expiratory bulbospinal neurones are significantly involved in the projection was rejected. Alternative sources and possible functional roles for the CRDPs are discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2005

Relapse to driving under the influence (DUI): a review.

Driving under the influence (DUI) is a major public health problem. In 2003, there were 17,401 alcohol-related crash fatalities. Although there has been a large decrease in the fatality rates over the past two decades, further progress has stalled in recent years. This plateau in the injury and death rates resulting from impaired driving has been attributed, in part, to the persistent or repeat DUI offender. Broadly defined, repeat offenders are those individuals who, following an initial DUI arrest, relapse to driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. In this paper, we first provide a brief overview of several models of DUI relapse. We then review the empirical literature on DUI relapse, the data describing characteristics of first-time and repeat DUI offenders, and, especially, studies that have evaluated the impact of legal sanctions and rehabilitation programs on subsequent DUI behavior. The data reveal that DUI offenders are a heterogeneous group, and that simple models relying on only one or two behavioral domains (e.g., driving characteristics, demographics) to explain DUI relapse are insufficient to account for the DUI behavior of offenders. To advance our understanding of DUI relapse, we argue for development and testing of multifactorial models focusing on the interplay of legal, social and psychological factors that describe and explain relapse among DUI offenders. By recognizing the heterogeneity within the offender population it will be easier for researchers and clinicians to identify subgroups that are at high-risk for relapse and which should be targeted by prevention and intervention programs.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2025

In&#xa0;Vivo CRISPR Activation Screening Reveals Chromosome 1q Genes VPS72, GBA1, and MRPL9 Drive Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently undergoes regional chromosomal amplification, resulting in elevated gene expression levels. We aimed to elucidate the role of these poorly understood genetic changes by using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screening in mouse livers to identify which genes within these amplified loci are cancer driver genes. METHODS: We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify that frequently copy number-amplified and up-regulated genes all reside on human chromosomes 1q and 8q. We generated CRISPRa screening transposons that contain oncogenic Myc to drive tumor formation. We conducted CRISPRa screens in&#xa0;vivo in the liver to identify tumor driver genes. We extensively validated the findings in separate mice and performed RNA sequencing analysis to explore mechanisms driving tumorigenesis. RESULTS: We targeted genes that frequently undergo amplification in human HCC using an in&#xa0;vivo CRISPRa screening system in mice, which induced extensive liver tumorigenesis. Human chromosome 1q genes Zbtb7b, Vps72, Gba1, and Mrpl9 emerged as drivers of liver tumorigenesis. In human HCC there is a trend in correlation between levels of MRPL9, VPS72, or GBA1 and poor survival. In validation assays, activation of Vps72, Gba1, or Mrpl9 resulted in extensive liver tumorigenesis and decreased survival in mice. RNA sequencing revealed different mechanisms driving HCC, with Mrpl9 activation altering genes functionally related to mitochondrial function, Vps72 levels altering phospholipid metabolism, and Gba1 activation enhancing endosomal-lysosomal activity, all leading to promotion of cellular proliferation. Analysis of human tumor tissues with high levels of MRPL9, VPS72, or GBA1 revealed congruent results, indicating conserved mechanisms driving HCC. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals chromosome 1q genes Vps72, Gba1, and Mrpl9 as drivers of HCC. Future efforts to prevent or treat HCC can focus on these new driver genes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Gender differences in the Swedish driving-license test.

INTRODUCTION: Male drivers between 18-24 years are involved in many more motor-vehicle accidents than female drivers in Sweden. Is there also a gender difference in test performance in the Swedish driving-license tests? Is it a real difference or do any of the items display differential item functioning (DIF) with respect to gender or educational background? METHOD: Two random samples of test-takers' performance on the Swedish theory driving-license test were examined with descriptive and inference statistics. RESULTS: Female test-takers performed better than male test-takers on the theory test, which is a real difference since no items displayed DIF with respect to gender. There was no gender difference in the practical test. The gender difference in the theory test could not be fully explained by differences in educational background. CONCLUSIONS: Although everyone who passes the driving-license test has fulfilled the goals stated in the curriculum, it is possible that the gender differences in the theory test are consistent over time, and therefore might be one factor that explains why male drivers are over-represented in traffic accidents. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Gender differences appear persistent over time. Therefore, by improving male test takers' result on the test may lead to positive effects on the male test takers future driving career.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Gene drive systems in mosquitoes: rules of the road.

Population replacement strategies for controlling transmission of mosquito-borne diseases call for the introgression of antipathogen effector genes into vector populations. It is anticipated that these genes, if present at high enough frequencies, will impede transmission of the target pathogens and result in reduced human morbidity and mortality. Recent laboratory successes in the development of virus- and protozoan-resistant mosquito strains make urgent research of gene drive systems capable of moving effector genes into wild populations. A systematic approach to developing safe and effective gene drive systems that includes defining the requirements of the system, identifying naturally occurring or synthetic genetic mechanisms for gene spread upon which drive systems can be based and the successful adaptation of a mechanism to a drive system, should mitigate concerns about using genetically engineered mosquitoes for disease control.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Headrest position during normal driving: implication to neck injury risk in rear crashes.

The gap and relative height of headrest behind drivers were determined for 1915 vehicles approaching an intersection on a two lane road. Vehicle type and headrest adjustment were also evaluated using film of normal driving taken by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Only 10% of drivers had headrests in the most favorable position to prevent neck extension during a rearend crash. 73% of cars had adjustable headrests, but only a quarter were placed in the up position. 83% of the adjustable headrests could have been raised to better protect the driver. Hyge sled tests were run to determine biomechanical responses for the various conditions observed in normal driving. This included three headrest heights and three gaps behind the head. Neck extension from the Hybrid III dummy was normalized to the response for a high, close headrest, and injury risk was assumed to be proportional to neck extension. The current driving situation has a relative injury risk of 3.4 in rearend crashes, compared to 1.0 for the favorable condition. If all adjustable headrests were placed in the up position, the relative risk would be lowered to 2.4, a 28.3% reduction in whiplash injury risk. Public education and vehicle design should address the importance of proper headrest placement for driving safety.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Balancing work and rest to combat driver fatigue: an investigation of two-up driving in Australia.

This study is the fourth in a series examining driver fatigue in the Australian long distance road transport industry. Thirty-seven long haul truck drivers were measured on a routine 4500 km round trip. Two types of driving operations were compared, single driving, involving a solo driver, and two-up driving, where a pair of drivers operate a truck continuously and alternate between work and rest. Two-up drivers reported higher levels of fatigue than single drivers overall and tended to show poorer levels of performance. However, this result appeared to reflect differential fatigue at the start of the trip. Both two-up and single drivers showed marked increases in fatigue across the first half of the trip, followed by a substantial recovery of alertness and performance provided that drivers had stationary overnight rest at mid trip or had shorter trips. Fatigue continued to increase on the second half of the trip for drivers who did longer trips without the benefit of a substantial night rest or who did not have access to on-board rest, that is single drivers. The use of overnight rest, in combination with two-up driving, appeared to be the most successful strategy for managing fatigue across the trip.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

Alcohol use in relation to driving records among injured bicyclists.

To prevent alcohol-related occupational mishaps, employers often conduct background checks on prospective employees for history of driving while intoxicated (DWI) and driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) to screen out candidates with drinking problems. Few studies, however, have examined the pervasive nature of drinking behavior across activity domains. Based on trauma registry data, we constructed a historical cohort of 120 Maryland residents ages 18 years or older who were injured while riding a bicycle between 1990 and 1997. Driving records for the 120 bicyclists for the 3 years between May 6, 1995 and May 5, 1998 were obtained from the state motor vehicle administration and were analyzed in relation to BAC-positive status at the time of injury. Bicyclists with positive BACs at the time of admission to the trauma center were significantly more likely than those with negative BACs to have a record of license suspension/revocation (52% vs 14%, P < 0.01) and to have DWI/DUI convictions (30% vs 3%, P < 0.01). Despite the modest sample size, this study provides compelling evidence of the pervasive nature of risky drinking between bicycling and driving activities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

The effects of photic driving on mood states.

The EEG photic driving response is a sensitive neurophysiological measure. It has been used to assess drug effects, forms of epilepsy, neurological status of Alzheimer's patients, and physiological arousal. Photic driving also impacts the psychological status of a person by producing increased visual imagery and decreased physiological and subjective arousal. In this study, ten volunteers underwent nocturnal polysomnography followed by six daytime testing sessions. The six sessions consisted of the alpha attenuation test, two visual analog scales for mood, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, photic stimulation, and the multiple sleep latency test. These tests were administered 2 hours upon awakening and every 2 hours thereafter. The mean mood across the six daytime testing sessions was computed for all mood variables pre- and post-photic stimulation. Significant differences were found for the subjective moods "sleepy," "alert," and "effort." However, no significant differences were found for pre- and post-photic driving for "angry," "irritable," "hungry," "tense," "overall," "happy," "sexual," and "sad." Additionally, all participants reported increased visual imagery during photic driving, as measured by their responses to an imagery questionnaire.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Driving and insulin-dependent diabetes.

A survey of 250 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) holding a full motor vehicle driving licence revealed that 107 (42.8%) had not declared IDD on their application for a driving licence. 70 of these (28% of entire group) claimed that they were unaware of the statutory requirements. There was no difference in the declaration-rate between men and women. 159 patients (66%) declared IDD for their motor insurance. 86 patients (34.4%) had had severe or frequent hypoglycaemia in the preceding six months, during which they had been driving regularly. 34 patients (13.6%) admitted involvement in a driving accident since commencing treatment with insulin, and 13 of these patients were aware that hypoglycaemia had been an important causal factor. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts was considerable, but few patients (2.4%) had severe impairment of vision in both eyes.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1997

Driving issues related to arrhythmic syncope.

The safety of driving in patients with cardiac arrhythmias is a common concern. Although the risk of driving in these patients cannot be reduced to zero, available data and expert consensus suggest that most patients with arrhythmias can return to driving with a relatively low risk of harm to themselves and others, that is, a risk within the limits deemed acceptable by society. Specific recommendations for allowing patients with various cardiac rhythm abnormalities to drive are reviewed in detail.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1997

Ventilatory drive during exercise in congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Continuous increases in the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production, an index of ventilatory drive) during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure would suggest that factors other than carbon dioxide excessively stimulate ventilation during exercise, and may be an important factor in exercise-related dyspnea and fatigue in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-five patients with congestive heart failure and 17 normal control subjects underwent symptom-limited exercise testing with gas-exchange analysis. Patients were divided into four functional classes (A-D, Weber's classification) based on peak exercise oxygen consumption. In all heart failure patient groups and in control subjects the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide decreased (P < .005, class D; P < .0001, all other groups) from rest to anaerobic threshold. Three isolated patients showed a continuous increase in ventilatory drive during exercise (mean peak oxygen consumption 13.7 mL/kg/min). In the lowest functional class (D) the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide was greater than in all other groups at rest, at anaerobic threshold, and at peak exercise (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In all heart failure groups and in normal control subjects ventilatory drive, as determined by the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, decreases during exercise, Continuous increases in ventilatory drive during exercise are infrequently seen, suggesting that factors other than carbon dioxide production do not excessively stimulate ventilation in heart failure patients during exercise.

Adult↗