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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Geriatrics in Bavaria-Database (GiB-DAT): Conception, structure and results of implementation (part I)].

In the year 2000, a database was implemented in Bavaria, covering the majority of geriatric clinics. Benchmarking statistics are generated in quarterly periods and scientifically analyzed. Actually, 41 of the 57 geriatric clinics in Bavaria participate in the project 'Geriatrics in Bavaria-Database' (GiB-DAT). For geriatric rehabilitation, the coverage is 82.4%. In addition, all 7 geriatric day clinics participate; thus, a total of 24,000 cases are documented each year. Therefore, GiB-DAT is the largest database for geriatric rehabilitation in Germany and Europe. To make documentation more effective and easy, new software (GERIDOCTM) has been generated which is integrated in the process of daily treatment. GiB-DAT offers good data quality, especially concerning completeness of items. This manuscript describes conception and construction of GiB-DAT and identifies differences compared to the Geriatric Minimum-Dataset (GEMIDAS), a nationwide geriatric database in Germany.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from Nairobi (Kenya): inferring phylogenetic parameters for the establishment of a forensic database.

Large forensic mtDNA databases which adhere to strict guidelines for generation and maintenance, are not available for many populations outside of the United States and western Europe. We have established a high quality mtDNA control region sequence database for urban Nairobi as both a reference database for forensic investigations, and as a tool to examine the genetic variation of Kenyan sequences in the context of known African variation. The Nairobi sequences exhibited high variation and a low random match probability, indicating utility for forensic testing. Haplogroup identification and frequencies were compared with those reported from other published studies on African, or African-origin populations from Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and the United States, and suggest significant differences in the mtDNA compositions of the various populations. The quality of the sequence data in our study was investigated and supported using phylogenetic measures. Our data demonstrate the diversity and distinctiveness of African populations, and underline the importance of establishing additional forensic mtDNA databases of indigenous African populations.

Black People↗
PubMed2006

Hungarian mtDNA population databases from Budapest and the Baranya county Roma.

To facilitate forensic mtDNA testing in Hungary, we have generated control region databases for two Hungarian populations: 211 individuals were sampled from the urban Budapest population and 208 individuals were sampled from a Romani ("gypsy") population in Baranya county. Sequences were generated using a highly redundant approach to minimize potential database errors. The Budapest population had high sequence diversity with 180 lineages, 183 polymorphic positions, and a random match probability of 1%. In contrast, the Romani population exhibited low sequence diversity, with only 56 lineages, 109 segregating sites, and a random match probability of 8.8%. The mtDNA haplogroup compositions of the two populations were also distinct, with the large proportion of haplogroup M samples (35%) in the Roma the most obvious difference between the two populations. These factors highlight the importance of considering population structure when generating reference databases for forensic testing purposes. Comparisons between our Romani population sample and other published data indicate the need for heightened caution when sampling and using mtDNA databases of small endogamous populations. The Romani populations that we compared showed significant departures from genetic uniformity.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMed2002

A new database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences from 162 Japanese individuals.

A database of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region 1 (HV1) and region 2 (HV2) sequences of the mtDNA control region was established from 162 unrelated Japanese individuals. The random match probability and the genetic diversity for this database were 0.96% and 0.997, respectively. Length heteroplasmy in the C-stretch regions located around position 16189 in HVI and 310 in HV2 was observed in 37% and 38% of the samples, respectively. A strategy using internal sequencing primers was devised to obtain confirmed sequences in these length heteroplasmic individuals. This database, combined with other mtDNA sequence databases from the Japanese population, will permit the significance of mtDNA match results to be properly reported in mtDNA typing casework in Japan.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Neuro-Link, a computer-assisted database for head injury in intensive care.

Reliable information is vital for clinical trials, so we developed a database, for head trauma victims admitted to neuro-intensive care units (NICU). This database, first step in a sequential project, comprises 176 selected fields mainly focused on the early post-traumatic phase and has a user-friendly computerized interface. The software was tested for a trimester in 18 Italian neuro-intensive care units. The paper describes the main features of the database, the results of a three months' data collection test, its limitations and its potential improvements. A description of the database fields and a brief summary of the 282 patients included so far are also presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

CHRONIS: an animal chromosome image database.

We have constructed a database system named CHRONIS (CHROmosome and Nano-Information System) to collect images of animal chromosomes and related nanotechnological information. CHRONIS enables rapid sharing of information on chromosome research among cell biologists and researchers in other fields via the Internet. CHRONIS is also intended to serve as a liaison tool for researchers who work in different centers. The image database contains more than 3,000 color microscopic images, including karyotypic images obtained from more than 1,000 species of animals. Researchers can browse the contents of the database using a usual World Wide Web interface in the following URL: http://chromosome.med.niigata-u.ac.jp/chronis/servlet/chronisservlet. The system enables users to input new images into the database, to locate images of interest by keyword searches, and to display the images with detailed information. CHRONIS has a wide range of applications, such as searching for appropriate probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization, comparing various kinds of microscopic images of a single species, and finding researchers working in the same field of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Probabilistic approach to determining unbiased random-coil carbon-13 chemical shift values from the protein chemical shift database.

We describe a probabilistic model for deriving, from the database of assigned chemical shifts, a set of random coil chemical shift values that are "unbiased" insofar as contributions from detectable secondary structure have been minimized (RCCSu). We have used this approach to derive a set of RCCSu values for 13Calpha and 13Cbeta for 17 of the 20 standard amino acid residue types by taking advantage of the known opposite conformational dependence of these parameters. We present a second probabilistic approach that utilizes the maximum entropy principle to analyze the database of 13Calpha and 13Cbeta chemical shifts considered separately; this approach yielded a second set of random coil chemical shifts (RCCSmax-ent). Both new approaches analyze the chemical shift database without reference to known structure. Prior approaches have used either the chemical shifts of small peptides assumed to model the random coil state (RCCSpeptide) or statistical analysis of chemical shifts associated with structure not in helical or strand conformation (RCCSstruct-stat). We show that the RCCSmax-ent values are strikingly similar to published RCCSpeptide and RCCSstruct-stat values. By contrast, the RCCSu values differ significantly from both published types of random coil chemical shift values. The differences (RCCSpeptide - RCCSu) for individual residue types show a correlation with known intrinsic conformational propensities. These results suggest that random coil chemical shift values from both prior approaches are biased by conformational preferences. RCCSu values appear to be consistent with the current concept of the "random coil" as the state in which the geometry of the polypeptide ensemble samples the allowed region of (phi, psi)-space in the absence of any dominant stabilizing interactions and thus represent an improved basis for the detection of secondary structure. Coupled with the growing database of chemical shifts, this probabilistic approach makes it possible to refine relationships among chemical shifts, their conformational propensities, and their dependence on pH, temperature, or neighboring residue type.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed2005

Information subsystem of the SO4/Cl ratio as database for studying its influence on human health.

General lack of surface waters in the Dalmatian region on one hand (Croatia) and a large profusion and complexity of underground waters circulation, on the other hand, are typical phenomena of Dalmatian Karst region. Underground waters in Dalmatia belong to rift water similar to surface waters considering its hydrochemical and hygienic characteristics. Health care institutions and water authorities have become particularly interested in observing and monitoring water as well as preserving its quality. A relational database has been developed for carrying out chemical analyses expressed by the SO4/Cl ratio since it is necessary to organize and integrate a large number of analytical and ecological health-data. The database can serve as a methodological platform for the study of environmental factors influencing human health. The prototype database consists of data obtained by investigations, which have been conducted by the Water Examination Department of the Public Health Institute of Split Dalmatian County (Croatia) and University of Split Medical School. The database currently contains more than 3000 data.

Chlorides↗
PubMed2005

Information subsystem of the Ca/Mg ratio as a database for studying its influence on human health.

Dalmatia is situated in the Dinaric karst in Southern Croatia. It is characterized by insufficient quantities of water during the summer months and a relatively excessive amount of rainfall during the winter and spring months. Other hydrographic characteristics of Dinaric carst include scarce and long surface streamflows with a few tributaries with changeable capacities, a small number of springs, and a relatively great number of submarine springs along the coast. The water supply and health-care institutions are especially interested in observing and monitoring water quality. A relational database has been developed for carrying out chemical analyses expressed by the Ca/Mg ratio since it is necessary to organize and integrate a large number of analytical and ecological health data. The database can serve as a methodological platform for the study of environmental factors influencing human health. The prototype database consists of data obtained by investigations which have been conducted by the water Examination Department of the Public Health Institute of the Split Dalmatian county (Croatia) University of Split Medical School. The database currently contains more than 2500 data.

Calcium↗
PubMed2005

Information subsystem of total hardness (Ca + Mg) as a database for studying its influence on human health.

Dalmatia (Southern Croatia) belongs to the Dinaric karst region. The permeability of karst soil allows a great quantity of dissolved organic and toxic matter rendering it hygienically unsafe. The hinterland of the Dinaric karst region is relatively scarcely populated since the largest agglomeration of population and industry is in the coastal zones. Hence, most of the surface flow have preserved their natural characteristics. The water supply authorities and health care institutions are especially interested in observing and monitoring water quality. A relational database has been developed for carrying out chemical analyses expressed by total hardness (Ca + Mg) since it is necessary to organize and integrate a large number of analytical and ecological health-data. The database can serve as a methodological platform for the study of environmental factors influencing human health. The prototype database consists of data obtained by investigations which have been conducted by the Water Examination Department of the Public Health Institute, Split-Dalmatian County (Croatia) and the University of Split Medical School. The database currently contains more than 3000 data.

Calcium↗
PubMed2005

Rice proteome database: a step toward functional analysis of the rice genome.

The technique of proteome analysis using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) has the power to monitor global changes that occur in the protein complement of tissues and subcellular compartments. In this study, the proteins of rice were cataloged, a rice proteome database was constructed, and a functional characterization of some of the identified proteins was undertaken. Proteins extracted from various tissues and subcellular compartments in rice were separated by 2D-PAGE and an image analyzer was used to construct a display of the proteins. The Rice Proteome Database contains 23 reference maps based on 2D-PAGE of proteins from various rice tissues and subcellular compartments. These reference maps comprise 13129 identified proteins, and the amino acid sequences of 5092 proteins are entered in the database. Major proteins involved in growth or stress responses were identified using the proteome approach. Some of these proteins, including a beta-tubulin, calreticulin, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase in rice, have unexpected functions. The information obtained from the Rice Proteome Database will aid in cloning the genes for and predicting the function of unknown proteins.

Calreticulin↗
PubMed2005

Ethics across the computer science curriculum: privacy modules in an introductory database course.

This paper describes the author's experience of infusing an introductory database course with privacy content, and the on-going project entitled Integrating Ethics Into the Database Curriculum, that evolved from that experience. The project, which has received funding from the National Science Foundation, involves the creation of a set of privacy modules that can be implemented systematically by database educators throughout the database design thread of an undergraduate course.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

NeuroSys: a semistructured laboratory database.

The inherent complexity of traditional relational database systems is a key obstacle to more widespread use of database technology in the neuroscience community. As an alternative to relational technology, we propose a simpler semistructured data model for documenting laboratory procedures and results. The semistructured data model allows researchers to document their data in an organized, regularly formatted, machine-readable, and network accessible manner, without requiring the services of database professionals. We present proof-of-concept software, consisting of an HTML interface that communicates with a remotely located, semistructured database. We also discuss the importance of standardized terminology and the importance of building flexible data description systems that are more easily adapted and reconfigured to conform with standardized terminologies as they evolve.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1991

A database of lipid phase transition temperatures and enthalpy changes.

The systematic study of the mesomorphic phase properties of synthetic and biologically derived lipids began some 30 years ago. In the past decade, interest in this area has grown enormously. As a result, there exists a wealth of information on lipid phase behavior, but unfortunately these data have, until now, been scattered throughout the literature in a variety of books, proceedings and journals. The data have recently been compiled in a centralized database with a view to providing ready access to same and to the appropriate literature. The compilation facilitates review of what has thus far been accomplished and highlights what remains to be done in this active research area. As such, it represents a convenient summary of the existing data which, when evaluated, will enable us to identify where deficits exist in the data, to reveal the fundamental physicochemical principles upon which lipid phase behavior is based and to understand more completely lipid phase relations in biological, reconstituted and formulated systems. The compilation consists of a tabulation of all known mesomorphic and polymorphic phase transition temperatures and enthalpy changes for synthetic and biologically-derived lipids in the dry and in the partially and fully hydrated states. Also included is the effect on these thermodynamic values of pH, and of salt and metal ion concentration and other additives such as proteins, drugs, etc. The methods used in making the measurements and the experimental conditions are reported. Bibliographic information includes complete literature referencing and list of authors. As of this writing, the database is current through June, 1990 and contains in excess of 9500 records. Each record contains 28 fields. Here, we describe how the database originated, its scope and contents, data abstraction procedures, and issues relating to mesophase and lipid nomenclature, data analysis and evaluation, and database maintenance and distribution.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1993

Integrating knowledge-based systems and databases.

In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest among the computing community in the field of artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of natural language processing and knowledge-based systems (KBS). The medical domain has seen the development of hundreds of KBSs and there is substantial evidence to show that the application of a knowledge-based approach to decision support can go a long way towards overcoming the information overload experienced by many clinicians today. Yet many of these medical KBSs are still at the prototype stage and are mainly confined to research laboratories. There are many reasons for this apparently slow take-up of the technology, but one of the most significant is the lack of integration into the regular routine information processing of the organisation, in particular the database processing. This paper discusses the benefits of such integration and methods for achieving it in the context of general trends in information systems. Database technology provides efficient and secure management of large amounts of data in a multi-user, multi-application environment. Knowledge-based technology, on the other hand, provides mechanisms for building intelligent systems. Thus, for example, given a set of facts about a domain (symptoms, laboratory test results, etc.) together with a set of rules which apply to that domain (e.g. 'if TT4 > 150 nmol/l then suspect hyperthyroidism'), a KBS can deduce new information about that domain automatically. The effective integration of these two technologies is seen as a means of achieving the intelligent information systems of the future. There are three basic approaches to integrating KBSs and databases. The first is to start with the KBS and incorporate data management functions. Alternatively, intelligence from the KBS can be incorporated into the database. Finally, the two systems can be allowed to co-exist as independent systems which can talk to each other by means of standard interfaces. There are many advantages to this last approach since it offers much more flexibility and extensibility and is consistent with the general trend in computing towards open systems.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1989

Extended relational operators for statistical data manipulations in medical databases.

Conventional relational database management systems fail to address three features of statistical data management in a biomedical/clinical database, namely, that (1) statistical and medical data (SMD) require a great deal of space and need to be stored in a reduced form with minimal duplication; indeed, SMD have many derived/calculated and summary statistics that make the number of attributes in a relation (i.e., a set of records) grow rapidly and dynamically; (2) most SMD have hierarchical structures that are difficult to manage using the relational data model since SMD are stored in separate relations for duplication and space considerations; and (3) the management of SMD is made easier if it is possible to reorganize relations or group data, a capability lacking in conventional relational database management systems. In this paper, we (1) introduce five extended relational operators, (lattice) NEST, (lattice) UNNEST, MERGE, SPREAD, and GEN, to reorganize relations; (2) integrate the extended operators with conventional relational algebra and introduce the concept of the lattice relational model; and (3) give applications of the extended relational operators and the lattice relational model in solving the problems of statistical data manipulation in medical databases.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1996

Security considerations for present and future medical databases.

In this paper we consider the security of medical databases. We give an overview of the security problems and the possible available mechanisms for the prevention of security compromises. Many of the security problems are common to all databases. However, the problem of data inference from statistical queries is particularly pertinent to medical databases and consequently we treat this problem in more detail. The paper concludes with a proposal for a Security Subsystem in a database management system.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1993

Establishing a consultation-liaison psychiatry clinical database in an Australian general hospital.

This paper describes the institution of a clinical database in the consultation-liaison psychiatry service of an Australian general hospital psychiatry unit. One of the problems faced was that many researchers and clinicians in Australia use the ICD-9 rather than the DSM-III-R classification system. Nevertheless, it was possible to use the DSM-III-R-based MICRO-CARES clinical database management system in this project. The data obtained during the first 12 months of its use are presented. Despite differences in the patient demographic characteristics, the data obtained are within the ranges described for North American and European sites. The local benefits of such a clinical database are described, and it is argued that such a database is also necessary for interhospital and international collaborative studies and comparisons.

Adult↗