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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors leading to the Computer Vision Syndrome: an issue at the contemporary workplace.

INTRODUCTION: Vision and eye related problems are common among computer users, and have been collectively called the Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). METHODS: An observational study in order to identify the risk factors leading to the CVS was done. Twenty-eight participants answered a validated questionnaire, and had their workstations examined. The questionnaire evaluated personal, environmental, ergonomic factors, and physiologic response of computer users. The distance from the eye to the computers' monitor (A), the computers' monitor height (B), and visual axis height (C) were measured. The difference between B and C was calculated and labeled as D. Angles of gaze to the computer monitor were calculated using the formula: angle=tan(-1)(D/ A). Angles were divided into two groups: participants with angles of gaze ranging from 0 degrees to 13.9 degrees were included in Group 1; and participants gazing at angles larger than 14 degrees were included in Group 2. Statistical analysis of the evaluated variables was made. RESULTS: Computer users in both groups used more tear supplements (as part of the syndrome) than expected. This association was statistically significant (p<0.10). Participants in Group 1 reported more pain than participants in Group 2. Associations between the CVS and other personal or ergonomic variables were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that most important factor leading to the syndrome is the angle of gaze at the computer monitor. Pain in computer users is diminished when gazing downwards at angles of 14 degrees or more. The CVS remains an under estimated and poorly understood issue at the workplace. The general public, health professionals, the government, and private industries need to be educated about the CVS.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Monitor height affects surgeons' stress level and performance on minimally invasive surgery tasks.

This study investigated the effect of monitor height on surgeons' workload and performance during simulated minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Fourteen volunteer subjects (7 experienced, 7 inexperienced) performed a cutting task in a training box at a standard MIS station with the video monitor positioned in random order at, below (-35 degrees), and above (+15 degrees) the subject's eye level. Task time and error, difficulty and discomfort, head orientation, trapezius and neck muscle activity, and skin conductance were recorded. The experienced subjects performed the task faster, with less error, and with less difficulty than did the inexperienced subjects. For the experienced subjects, error decreased when the monitor was lowered. Difficulty and discomfort increased at the high monitor position. As the monitor was lowered, the head pitched forward, and paraspinal cervical muscle activity increased. Variability in sternocleidomastoid activity increased both at the low and high monitor positions. The results show that monitor height affects both performance and workload. The monitor should be lowered to reduce error and task difficulty but not so low as to produce excessive neck flexion.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Supporting growth of digital imaging.

Today's digital imaging industry has come very far for hospitals. The basic technology is ready, and hospitals are now acquiring, viewing, and storing more and more of their images digitally. The problem is--all of this is still only happening inside the radiology room. What's needed now for digital imaging to realise its full potential--both in cost savings and in improved patient care--is a supporting infrastructure of hardware, software and service options that extends image viewing outside of the radiology room and into the rest of the hospital. In fact, two of the most critical components for the widespread distribution of images are firstly, the availability of viewing hardware (especially DICOM-calibrated displays) whose cost and features are tailored to each user environment, and secondly, the ability for hospitals to manage this distributed hardware and provide quality assurance from one centralised location.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-cost screening for microbial contaminants in aerosols generated in a dental office.

It has been reported that aerosols and droplets generated by high-speed dental drills and cavitrons are contaminated with blood and bacteria and represent a potential route for transmitting disease. Bacterial cells possess a negative electrical charge, while the cathode ray tubes (CRT) that are used in computer monitors generate positively charged static electric fields. Consequently, bacteria dispersed within these aerosols could be attracted to the screens on CRT monitors. In this study, pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus were found on CRT screens in different locations within the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry facility. The results suggest that surveying CRT screens is a simple method for evaluating the airborne microbial contaminants present within a dental office.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2005

[Fatigue subjective symptoms and risk factors in bank workers with VDT].

OBJECTIVES: [corrected] To investigate the fatigue subjective symptoms and VDT related risk factors in bank workers. METHODS: A total of 2178 workers (62.8% male, 37.2% female) were surveyed with a self-administered and structured questionnaire consisting of 30 fatigue symptoms and other VDT related factors regarding work characteristics, work postures, work environments, personal medical histories, etc. Fatigue subjective symptoms were divided into 3 groups of 10 questions each: a dull, drowsy and exhausted feeling (Group I), a mental decline of working motivation (Group II), or a feeling of incongruity in the body and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system (Group III). Each question was weighted as 0 for 'none', 1 for 'sometimes', and 2 for 'always'. RESULTS: Mean age was 35.8 +/- 7.2 years (38.9 +/- 6.0 in males, 30.6 +/- 5.8 in females), Mean work duration was 7.7 +/- 7.1 years (8.4+7.4 in males, 6.5 +/- 6.4 in females). Mean symptom score in males was 11.0 +/- 8.1 (4.9 +/- 3.1 in Group I, 3.0 +/- 3.1 in Group II, 3.1 +/- 2.8 in Group IIl) and in females was 17.5 +/- 9.5 (7.0 +/- 3.8 in Group I, 4.6 +/- 3.5 in Group II, 5.9 +/- 3.4 in Group III). Mean scores were higher in the order of Group I > III > II. Females had significanntly higher scores than males in all three groups (p < 0.001). Most common symptoms complained of as 'always' or sometimes' were 'feel strained in the eyes' (85.4%) among Group I, 'find difficulty in thinking' (54.2%) amongGroup II, and 'feel stiff in the shoulders' (72.3%) among Group III. In multiple regression analysis, female, non-straight spine at workstation, more VDT work hours, history off physical therapy, glare of screen, overtime work, youngage, and non-horizontal elbow position were significantly related with high score of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: More supportive VDT work environment and education for correct work postures for VDT workers are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Conditions that influence the elimination of postural constraints after office employees working with VDU have received ergonomics training.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this article is to better understand how preventive measures are undertaken after training. It examines how certain variables, such as musculoskeletal pain, participant age and workstation and work content characteristics influence the reduction of postural constraints after office employees working with a computer have received ergonomics training. METHODS: A pre-test/post-test design was used. The 207 female office workers were given 6 hours of ergonomics training. The variables were determined using a self-administered questionnaire and an observation grid filled out 2 weeks before and 6 months after the training session. The FAC and HAC were used in the data processing. RESULTS: The presence or absence of musculoskeletal pain had no statistically significant influence on whether or not postural constraints were eliminated. The age of the participants and the possibility of adjusting the workstation characteristics and work content produced differentiated results with regard to postural constraint reduction. We concluded that trained people succeed in taking relevant and effective measures to reduce the postural constraints found in VDUs. However other measures than work station adjustments lead to this prevention and such training must be strongly supported by the various hierarchical levels of an enterprise or an institution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Management of the visual risk in VDT workers and the role of the occupational physician (Medico competente)].

The enormous increasing of computer use in work activities has carried great progresses and many other advantages, but it has brought also possible health problems for the workers. The occupational risk in VDT workers involves the visual system, work-related muscoloskeletal disorders and also the mental state. This article concerns the major problems related to the obligations of the employer and to health surveillance, with special care to ophtalmologist examination for the ability, the responsibility and duty of occupational physicians (medici competenti) and the possible role of the ophthalmologists.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ergonomy and videoterminals].

After defining some concepts relative to ergonomy and videoterminals (VDT), the paper describes the main health risks for VDT workers (visual, muscle-skeletal and stress disorders). The ergonomic requirements established by the Italian legislation for VDT work are then examined, including illumination, the working environment, the working desk and seat, the video-screen, the keyboard, the upper body position, pauses and physical exercise, training and information. Recent regulations (in particular the law 422/2000) on the sanitary surveillance of VDT workers are finally reported.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health protection among urban police forces].

After paying homage to the guest Authorities and to the organizers of the meeting, the author briefly describes the main occupational risk factors of local police forces: ergonomic and postural agents, work with videoterminals, air pollution, noise, cold-humid climate, stress. In conclusion, the symbolic importance of the uniform and the related civil and moral responsibilities are recalled.

Air Pollution↗