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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed1998

-A new role for the pediatrician: the prevention of social violence-.

Social violence is a kind of violence which is applied by one individual to another. It is a stake in the field of public health because of an increasing number of children with such behaviors. In addition to environmental factors, the occurrence of abnormal social behavior before 9 years of age seems to precede social violence for the subsequent 20 years of life. One must therefore identify an inadequate attitude towards the parents and/or the teachers, or a poor child's self-esteem and self-respect. These phenomena are based on parental authority, on the ethical development of the child, on his verbalization capacity, on his socialization and his affective development. It is therefore important to stimulate ethical capacities and feelings in the child not only to provide autonomy but also to allow reflexive distinction of language, behavior and judgment, which enable him to understand, consider and respect other individuals.

Affect↗
PubMed2005

[Detection of pervasive disorders in the child: a maternal perspective].

Invasive developmental disorders are characterized by the early occurrence of changes that come up in the areas of communication development, behavior and interpersonal relationship. This study aimed to discover how the disorder detection process took place from a maternal perspective. A quantitative and qualitative study was carried, based on a semi-structured survey with 20 mothers of children in this condition. Results were processed through content analysis and indicated that these disorders have been diagnosed after the established age and that early typical signs are noticed by the family, particularly by the mother. These findings that child health professionals do not seem to be aware of the importance of effective developmental follow-up, which would lead to the early detection of these disorders, thus minimizing its present and future negative effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Impulsive corporal punishment by mothers and antisocial behavior and impulsiveness of children.

This study tested the hypothesis that corporal punishment (CP), such as spanking or slapping a child for purposes of correcting misbehavior, is associated with antisocial behavior (ASB) and impulsiveness by the child. The data were obtained through interviews with a probability sample of 933 mothers of children age 2-14 in two small American cities. Analyses of variance found that the more CP experienced by the child, the greater the tendency for the child to engage in ASB and to act impulsively. These relationships hold even after controlling for family socioeconomic status, the age and sex of the child, nurturance by the mother, and the level of noncorporal interventions by the mother. There were also significant interaction effects of CP with impulsiveness by the mother. When CP was carried out impulsively, it was most strongly related to child impulsiveness and ASB; when CP was done when the mother was under control, the relationship to child behavior problems was reduced but still present. In view of the fact that there is a high risk of losing control when engaged in CP, even by parents who are not usually impulsive, and the fact that impulsive CP is so strongly associated with child behavior problems, the results of this study suggest that CP is an important risk factor for children developing a pattern of impulsive and antisocial behavior which, in turn, may contribute to the level of violence and other crime in society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An examination of the differential relationship of marital discord to parents' discipline strategies for boys and girls.

Previous research has tentatively indicated that coercive, ineffective parenting might have a mediating role in the differential impact of marital discord on boys and girls. To further explore this role, we examined the relationship between children's perceptions of marital discord and their evaluations of parental discipline techniques. Ninety-one children aged 8 to 13 years (mean age: 11 years 4 months) were split into high, moderate, and low perceived marital discord on the basis of their responses to the Children's Perceptions Questionnaire (Emery & O'Leary, 1982). The children rated how coercive they believed both mothers and fathers would and should be in three discipline situations. Children with high marital discord indicated that both mothers and fathers would and should use more coercive behavior than did children with low marital discord. The effects of marital discord were stronger for boys than for girls. All children also believed that fathers would and should be more coercive than mothers. Results are discussed in relation to the effects of marital discord on children's social development with regard to sex of the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the hyperactive syndrome: a comparison of hyperactive, behavior problem, asthmatic, and normal children.

In an attempt to determine whether the commonly described deficits associated with hyperactivity--inappropriate activity, short attention span, low frustration tolerance, and impulsivity--are unique to this population, hyperactive, behavior problem, asthmatic, and normal control children were studied. The test most often used in research with hyperactives were administered. Hyperactives, when compared to normals, did show deficits in the aforementioned areas. However, when compared to the behavior problem and asthmatic children only the attentional deficits clearly differentiated hyperactives from the other children.

Asthma↗
PubMed1992

Family and peer social support as specific correlates of adolescent depressive symptoms.

Depression models that emphasize the social environment have not been tested with adolescents and their specificity to depressive symptoms has not been demonstrated. In a study of 94 adolescent inpatients, distinctions were drawn between family and peer support to determine if these sources of support were differentially related to depression symptoms. Step-down multivariate multiple-regression analyses showed that depression symptoms were uniquely predicted by social relationship variables after accounting for the effects of anxiety and conduct disorder symptoms. Depression was negatively related to family and paternal support, but it was positively related to peer support. Furthermore, family and paternal support interacted with peer support in the prediction of depression. The results are consistent with the assertion that disturbances in important supportive attachments have special significance for the experience of depressive symptoms by adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A mother-instruction program: Documenting change in mother-child interactions.

Measures of mother-child interaction change are reported in a series of 30 mothers and their children, aged 2 to 10. Videotaped play sessions were analyzed in detail to provide baseline measures from which individualized modification guidelines were derived. Mothers were instructed in eight weekly sessions via bug-in-the-ear. Postinstruction observations provided quantification of observed changes following instruction. The target of change was mother-child behavior contingency patterns, effected by intervening into the mother component on those patterns. Measured changes in mother and child behaviors, mother-child contingency patterns, and mother's preceptions of child behaviors are compared.

Affect↗
PubMed1976

Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in psychotic children.

Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) activity was studied in three groups of institutionalized children: (1) a group of schizophrenic children; (2) a heterogeneous group of chronic psychotic children characterized by severe symptomatology and onset before 5 years of age; (3) a group of acting-out but nonpsychotic children. Erythrocyte COMT activity was found to be significantly lower among the schizophrenic subjects in contrast to the greater activity in both the other groups--the nonpsychotic and chronic psychotic children. The difference in COMT activity between psychotic groups appeared to be related to diagnosis and age of onset of disorder. Generality of findings is limited by the small sample size (N = 42) and by the difficulties inherent in the diagnosis of severe mental disorder in children. However, this preliminary study suggests that enzymatic activity may be associated with the development of schizophrenia in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Addressing the barriers to mental health services for inner city children and their caretakers.

This paper will outline a series of three research studies meant to identify factors related to child mental health service usage and barriers to help seeking for urban minority children and their caretakers. In addition, this paper will describe the systematic development and evaluation of a telephone intervention strategy aimed towards increasing overall attendance at initial intake appointments at an urban child serving agency. The first study explores differences in demographic variables, for two groups of children (n = 450), those that came to an initial intake interview and those that requested child mental health services, but failed to come to any scheduled appointments. The second study evaluates a telephone engagement intervention meant to increase initial attendance (n = 54). Finally, the third study, more rigorously evaluates the impact of an intensive telephone intervention on initial attendance rates by randomly assigning families to the more focused telephone intervention or a "business as usual" telephone screening (n = 108).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Maternal use of physical punishment in response to child misbehavior: implications for child abuse prevention.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the roles of cognition and affect in maternal use of physical punishment. METHOD: Through a review of the literature, distal and proximal predictors (cognitive and affective) of physical punishment use were identified. One hundred and ten mothers of 3-year-old children were interviewed regarding two disciplinary situations that occurred during the previous 2-week period that elicited their strongest reactions: one which resulted in the use of physical punishment (if this occurred) and one which did not. The individual and combined contributions of the predictors of physical punishment use were analyzed through logistic regression. RESULTS: The predictors of physical punishment following individual analyses were: maternal attitude toward physical punishment, maternal perception of the seriousness and intent of the child misbehavior, and maternal anger in response to the child misbehavior. Through multivariate analysis 54% of the variance in physical punishment use was explained. CONCLUSIONS: Both cognitive and affective factors affect the decision to use physical punishment with children. These findings can be useful in establishing parenting educational programming that is directed at decreasing the rates of physical punishment and subsequently child physical abuse.

Adoption↗