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Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Steroidogenesis in rat testes in chronic alcoholic intoxication and addition of ethanol in vitro].

The influence of ethanol on steroid biosynthesis in microsomal fraction of rat testes has been studied. Addition of ethanol in vitro as well as chronic alcoholization have been shown to change the activity of enzymatic ensembles of steroidogenesis in testes. A significant decrease in 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, revealed in all experiments, has permitted the authors to conclude that this phenomenon is of special significance for the realization of gonads hormonal response to ethanol.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated bladder rupture after minor trauma in a patient with alcohol intoxication.

We report the case of an intoxicated male patient who presented with an isolated intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture, with a history of minor trauma. A review of the literature reveals that isolated bladder rupture after minimal or no trauma in association with alcohol or drug ingestion is an infrequently reported, but recognized, injury. The diagnosis of bladder rupture should be considered in an intoxicated patient with lower abdominal pain, even without a history of trauma. A history of voiding or bladder dysfunction should increase the suspicion for this injury. If suspected, a retrograde cystogram should be obtained promptly. Failure to consider and recognize this injury may lead to significant morbidity.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

[Role of the serum level of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase as marker of alcoholic intoxication in cirrhotic patients].

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity (mAST) and of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase/total aspartate aminotransferase ratio (mAST/t AST) as markers of chronic alcoholism in cirrhotic patients. Sixty-three hospitalized cirrhotic patients (35 drinkers, 28 abstainers) were investigated. Ninety-six per cent of abstainers had normal values of mAST activity, while 89 per cent of drinkers had high levels of mAST activity. Cirrhotic patients were better divided into drinkers and abstainers by mAST activity (92 per cent) than by mean globular corpuscular volume (MCV) (81 per cent, NS) or by gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (GGT) (75 per cent, P less than 0.01). When the hospital costs of these markers were taken into account, MCV had a better "quality/price" ratio (Q/P) defined as diagnostic value/mean hospital cost (Q/P = 2.5) than MCV plus GGT (diagnostic value 61 per cent, Q/P = 1.2). The measurement of mAST activity in patients with high MCV value or with discrepancy between MCV and GGT values increased the diagnostic value of the other laboratory measurement to 89 per cent, but at a higher cost (Q/P = 0.8). Mitochondrial AST activity is a sensitive and specific marker of chronic alcoholism in cirrhotic patients. However, owing to its high cost, it should be proposed as a second marker after MCV and GGT.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of sex hormones on the cold resistance of rats in chronic alcohol intoxication].

Testosterone effect on the male rat resistance to the transitory moderate and prolonged acute action of cold was studied as compared with that of estrogens estradiol benzoate and progesterone in experiments on castrated animals with habitual alcohol dependence. It was shown that the resistance of the castrated made rats to the prolonged acute cold effect sharply decreases under estrogen action, whereas testosterone exerts a protective effect under the same conditions, enlarging the period of non-contagiosity to infections, produced by an excessive cooling.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

Chronic alcohol intoxication decreases the serum level of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic mice.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections with an unusual serological profile, viz. positivity of HBV-DNA in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), have been described in alcoholics. This atypical pattern could be due to a low circulating level of viral particles rendering HBsAg undetectable with commercial kits, whereas HBV-DNA remains positive using the highly sensitive hybridization technique. We hypothesize that the well-known alcohol-induced impairment of protein secretion could also concern HBsAg particles and leads to a decrease in serum levels of the HBs antigen. To verify this hypothesis, we used HBsAg-positive transgenic mice as an animal model. Twelve HBsAg+ mice were separated into two groups; one group (n = 6) was submitted to increasing alcoholisation over an 18-week period, while the other (n = 6) was water fed. Seven HBsAg- littermates acted as controls: three received the alcohol regimen and the remaining four water. Chronic excessive alcoholisation lead to a significant decrease in serum HBsAg concentrations, while there was no obvious change in liver S mRNA. Ultrastructural studies showed a significant decrease in the number of microtubules in the livers of alcohol-fed mice. Finally, immunohistochemical studies performed at the end of the experiment showed a greater accumulation of HBsAg in the livers of HBsAg+ alcohol-fed (mainly located in the centrilobular area) than in the HBsAg+ water-fed mice. Our results (i) validate our initial hypothesis that chronic alcohol abuse leads to a decrease in serum HBsAg concentrations. This could explain, in part at least, the serological dissociations which were observed. (ii) Confirm the utility of screening serum HBV-DNA in alcoholics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

[The hormonal function of the fetoplacental system in pregnant women with chronic alcoholic intoxication].

Radioimmunoassay was used for the assessment of serum hormone levels. Dysfunctions in the fetoplacental system (decreased levels of progesterone and estrogens) were revealed as were elevated levels of somatotropic hormone, which were in inverse proportion to the fetal weight, in 20 pregnant females who abused alcohol during the entire pregnancy. It was suggested that higher production of somatotropic hormone could occur in the presence of hypophyseal tension which had been evidently developed before the pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological markers in the accurate diagnosis of chronic alcohol intoxication--the significance of immunoglobulin A].

This paper is part of a study aiming to identifying some objective clinical and laboratory markers for the late diagnosis of chronic ethylism, often after the somatic affections and mental disturbances have occurred, fact requiring further investigations for the early and doubtless determination of alcohol even after variable withdrawal periods. The significance of IgA as a marker is similar to that of gamma GT, demonstrating that in time and at doses in excess alcohol can lead to increased serum IgA concentrations, proved by the IgA deposits in the liver detected immunohistologically, values that could be diagnostic. It seems the IgA as a marker is not superior to gamma GT, its diagnostic relevance being partially restricted by it also being influenced directly by the severity of the histopathologic changes.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication in the rat on the structural organization of the caudate nucleus in their progeny].

By means of light (Nissl and Golgi), electron microscopy, as well as using morphometry, structure of neurons and interneuronal connections of the nucleus caudatus has been studied in 21-day-old rats reproduced by chronically alcoholized parents. As demonstrated the investigations, in young rats, physically underdeveloped, there are some signs of a delayed maturation in neurons, dendrites and synapses. Certain distrophic and reparative shifts are observed in all experimental animals. The distrophic changes of neural structures in the nucleus caudatus preponderate over the reparative ones, and in the destructive course not only the neuronal body is involved, but its processes, as well. The lesions of the latter influence organization of the synaptic contacts. This is demonstrated as a sharply decreased number of synapses of the formation studied in the field of vision. The occurring disturbance in the structure of dendrites, which play an important role in the primary integration of the information received by the neuron, can cause development of certain mental disorders in children born in alcoholic families. The reparative changes in neurons and interneuronal connections revealed suppose possible reversibility of the morphological changes observed in the offspring of drunkards.

Animals↗