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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Hazards of chemicals used in agricultural aviation: a review.

Chemicals at the present time are the only means of controlling pest damage to crops on economic, efficient, and compatible grounds. Timely application, particularly over large areas or inaccessible areas, requires aircraft to apply them. Aerial agriculture is an essential industry, and growing in worldwide use. It is being used more and more in areas of the world where food is in short supply, and will be used more extensively to increase food production. Problems are associated with the use of chemicals, or more particularly, their misuse. There is an almost infinite variety of potentially valuable insecticides. Whilst the number of individual agents can become quite large, it is fortunate perhaps, that only a few types of classes of chemicals possess useful pesticidal activity. The aerial applicator's toxicological problems are mainly concerned with four classes: dinitrophenols, carbamates organochlorines, and organophosphates. It is recommended that application pilots and ground crews using these classes of pesticides should have their individual cholinesterase levels established at the start of a season for project, and monitored at intervals. Recommended lowest levels in blood and plasma are tabulated. Electromyography is also introduced in establishing a non-invasive method of measuring toxicity in the pilots and ground crews.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1980

UNIGEN - universal language of aviation.

In 1978, 12 million flights arose from nations where English is a foreign language. From these, crash-deaths averaged 200 per million flights. The Aerospace Linguistic Foundation is incorporated to further cooperative evolution of a suitable speech for universal air use as envisaged by I.C.A.O. The language is called UNIGEN, an acronym from Gensise 11:1. It reflects the paragmatic monitoring of collective air communications and universal linguistic developments. The foundation underwrites investigations by existing communication faculties of linguistic problems identified from accidents, etc. (e.g. Tenerife shows English phonemes "th" and "wh" are not internationally suitable). Optimum expressions may derive from the world languages. Phonetics may also be selected to monitor the human factor, e.g. plosives to spot hyperventilation or arousals for sleep. "As a man speaks, so is he." Future air communications must exploit hearing and sight concurrently to assure the million-to-one reliability required for perception transfer.

Aviation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aspects of applying the systems approach in aviation engineering psychology].

The paper shows the role of study and analysis of systemic properties of the equipment of cockpits for its optimization. This paper describes and classifies pilot's errors caused by disadvantages of the total systemic quality of various components of the equipment. The paper presents methods for eliminating causes of some erroneous actions of pilots.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1980

Role of radiology in aviation accident investigation.

Radiographic screening of fatality victims for skeletal detail, dental and surgical artifacts, personal effects, and foreign bodies is of established value. Radiography as the primary means of positive victim identification, through comparison with antemortem films and records, is an important new role. Data on sources of injury and relationships between victims and the crash environment may be derived from radiographic injury patterns and may be correlated with mechanisms of injury production. The result of such analysis is improved safety design. Such radiography poses unique technical and logistical problems, often involving temporary or remote facilities, which must be solved with consideration for privacy and safety. Advance planning is essential for maximum benefit from radiographic investigation.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of training flights on the level of statokinetic resistance in the aviation cadets of foreign armies].

The article studies the influence of training flight upon the statokinetic resistance of cadets from foreign countries. It was found out that in the process of flight training the level of statokinetic resistance was growing, and simultaneously the vegetative, sensor and somatic manifestations were decreasing, and the period of stable equilibration in N.N. Bondarevskiĭ test was increasing. The most pronounced changes in statokinetic resistance was marked in the cadets from Mozambique, Mongolia and Angola; the smallest--in cadets from Vietnam and Laos. In order to optimize the flight training of cadets and safety of training flights it is recommended to apply the system of complex medical monitoring, which will realize the control over the psychophysiological state and statokinetic resistance during the whole period of training.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1994

Effects of alcohol and chronic aspartame ingestion upon performance in aviation relevant cognitive tasks.

Acute dosing studies of aspartame, known commercially as "NutraSweet," have failed to demonstrate any neuropsychological changes that would imply performance decrements in flight operations. Such studies may be criticized on the grounds that the administration of a single, if large, dose of aspartame is not ecologically valid. Accordingly, a double-blind chronic dosing study of aspartame was conducted using ethanol (at 0.1% BAL) as the positive control. No detectable cognitive performance decrements were associated with the aspartame condition. However, the alcohol results exhibited a pattern of asymmetric lateral brain impairment that closely resembles that observed in studies of depressive patients. These results have operational implications as well as theoretical importance.

Aerospace Medicine↗