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PubMed1997

[Prophylactic amnion infusion during labor. Apropos of 195 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To show that intrapartum prophylactic amnioinfusion in case of oligohydramnios or particulate meconium-stained amniotic fluid could be beneficial. STUDY DESIGN: From March 1st, 1993 until December 31st, 1996, 6845 women were delivered at the University Hospital of Poitiers. Patients presenting with oligohydramnios (G1) (118 patients with an amniotic fluid index below 5 cm) or a particulate meconium-stained amniotic fluid (G2)(77 patients) were included. Each group was compared with a historical control group constituted retrospectively according to the following criteria: oligohydramnios (CG1), particulate meconium-stained amniotic fluid (CG2)), age, parity, gestational age, and duration of labor. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test and the Fisher's exact test when appropriate with a level of significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean infused volume was 883 ml in G1 and 751 ml in G2. A significant difference was found in terms of cesarean section between G1 and CG1 (14% versus 25%, p < 0.05) and of assisted deliveries for fetal distress between G2 and CG2 (5% versus 18%, p < 0.02). No other significant difference was found between the study groups and their control for all other studied criteria. When considering more specifically the presence of meconium below the vocal cords we also find a difference between G2 and CG2 (5% versus 14%) which was not significant. No neonatal or maternal adverse effects happened in this short study. COMMENT: Amnioinfusion is easy to perform during labor in case of oligohydramnios or particulate meconium-stained amniotic fluid. In case of oligohydramnios, a decreased rate of cesarean sections has been observed in the infused group. Considering patients with particulate meconium-stained amniotic fluid, less interventions for fetal distress and neonates with meconium below the vocal cords has been found in the infused group. Further prospective evaluation is needed to confirm these results in case of particulate meconium-stained amniotic fluid and to compare the advantage of prophylactic versus therapeutic amnioinfusion performed in case of oligohydramnios and abnormal fetal heart rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation in chorio-amnion during labor and premature membrane rupture].

BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanisms of chorioamniotics membranes rupture during labor are relationated with a group of enzymes named metalloproteinases of extracellular matrix (MMP), the production of these enzymes are elevated in premature rupture of membranes. The collagenase IV (molecular weight 92 kDa) is induced in specific form during both events. We unknown the regulatory mechanisms to these enzymes in the chorioamnios. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of apoptosis and expression of (MMP-) in human chorioamnios during the labor and premature of the fetal membranes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The gel lysis using zimography was determined in membranes of 1) Labor, 2) Cesarean section, 3) PRM. The analysis of DNA fragmentation in situ and DNA of the membranes was studied. Using immunohistochemistry techniques was identified MMP-9. RESULTS: It was observed increase of gel lysis in stracts with PRM and labor in comparation with cesarean section. In all the specimens were found apoptotics cells, however, they were scareces, abundance or very abundance in cesarean section specimens, labor or PRM respectively. The fragmentation in situ was confirmed in specimens of DNA. The immunohistochemistry showed positively to MMP-9 in labor and PRM specimens, and not in cesarean section specimens. The MMP-9 immunorreactivity was extensive in PRM and only was found apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that apoptosis and expression-activity of MMP-9 can be associated to membranes rupture during labor and lysis, the same explanation may be true for the increased expression of MMP-9 in PRM both phenomena seems to have a sequence.

Amnion↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of antibodies to type VII and type IV collagen laminin and amnion as epidermal basement membrane markers.

We have compared four monoclonal antibodies which label basement membrane components using an indirect immunoperoxidase method in frozen sections of skin biopsies. The antibodies LH 7.2 and GB3 showed expression limited to epidermal and adnexal basement membrane. Antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen also decorated dermal blood vessels and stromal components. The antibodies LH 7.2 and GB3 are more suitable for labelling epidermal basement membrane in the study of cutaneous lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1998

[Reconstruction of the conjunctival and corneal surface. Transplantation of amnionic membrane].

The ocular surface epithelia with the tear film as a unit provide clear vision and comfort and serve as the first line the defense. It is important to understand how ocular surface health is maintained and how ocular surface failure occurs. Furthermore, it is timely to summarize new information concerning action mechanisms and clinical uses of amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction. When appropriately processed and preserved, amniotic membrane as a native matrix can be used as a graft to restore conjunctival surfaces following removal of lesions such as pterygium, tumor, scar, symblepharon, and conjunctivochalasis. It can also be used as a graft to restore corneal surfaces suffering from limbal stem-cell deficiency. For partial limbal deficiency, amniotic membrane alone is frequently sufficient, while for total limbal deficiency it needs to be combined with limbal stem-cell transplantation with or without corneal transplantation. When used as a graft or patch, amniotic membrane can facilitate healing of persistent corneal ulcers and recurrent corneal erosion and reduce corneal haze following keratectomy. Reported data indicate that amniotic membrane transplantation facilitates rapid healing with recovery of a normal epithelial phenotype in the epithelium and reduces inflammation, vascularization, and scarring in the stroma.

Biological Dressings↗
PubMed1995

Prostaglandin F2 alpha output by amnion-chorion-decidua: relationship with labor and prostaglandin E2 concentration at the amniotic surface.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate prostaglandin F2 alpha output at fetal membrane surfaces relative to labor and to assess amniotic prostaglandin E2 concentration changes on prostaglandin F2 alpha output. STUDY DESIGN: Intact and separated fetal membranes from 10 elective cesarean sections and nine vaginal deliveries were incubated in double-sided perfusion chambers. Prostaglandin F2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha output was measured by radioimmunoassay. Alterations of prostaglandin F2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha output were assessed after exogenous prostaglandin E2 addition at amniotic surfaces of intact membranes. RESULTS: Prostaglandin F2 alpha concentration was higher at maternal surfaces of intact but not separated membranes after labor (p = 0.0001). Amniotic 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha was increased in association with preceding labor (p = 0.038). Addition of prostaglandin E2 at the amniotic surface did not alter prostaglandin F2 alpha or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha production. CONCLUSION: Prostaglandin F2 alpha concentration at the maternal surface of fetal membranes likely plays a critical role in induction or maintenance of myometrial contractions associated with term labor independent of amniotic fluid prostaglandin E2 concentrations.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

Group B streptococcus amnionitis with intact membranes associated with quintuplet delivery.

Chorioamnionitis is a frequent cause of premature labour and delivery, as well as of maternal and neonatal mortality. Group B streptococcus (GBS) has emerged over the past decade as a common pathogen in the etiology of neonatal sepsis. The case of chorioamnionitis reported here is unusual for three reasons: the premature labour was associated with intact membrane and amniotic fluid infected with GBS; all 5 infants were contaminated with GBS and all infants survived. Chorioamniotitis with intact membranes raises some questions regarding the antepartum use of steroids (potent anti-inflammatory agents), etc. The likelihood of chorioamnionitis in spite of cervical mucus, intact membranes, and the bacteriostatic activity of the amniotic fluid should alert the obstetrician to take special precautions, such as weekly vaginal cultures and appropriate vaginal antimicrobial treatment, in cases of imminent premature delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Induction of cytochrome P450 isozymes in human amnion FL cells.

The human epithelial FL cell line contains low levels of constitutive ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities, of which ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase could be induced by norepinephrine, beta-naphthoflavone and 3-methylcholanthrene, but ethoxy-couarin O-deethylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities could be induced by norepinephrine, beta-naphthoflavone and 3-methylcholanthrene as well as phenobarbital. Inducibility of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities was 3.1-6.7-, 1.8-3.1- and 1.4-2.0-fold respectively. Co-treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene and norepinephrine resulted in higher ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities than treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene alone. The induced ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities remained at a high level for 24-36 h after removal of the inducer from the medium. The metabolizing ability of induced FL cells is stronger than that of non-induced ones in a given time following induction. The results further confirm that it is feasible to use the cytochrome P450 isozyme-induced FL cell as a biological indicator in short-term tests for screening promutagens/procarcinogens.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1984

Amnion dressings.

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Prenatal determination of fetal rhesus factor in amnionic cells using polymerase chain reaction].

In Rhesus incompatibility, prenatal RhD typing of the fetus requires intrauterine blood sampling by cordocentesis or by chorionic villus biopsy. Amniocentesis is easier to perform, and carries a lower risk of enhancement of maternal immunization. Therefore, we evaluated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for fetal RhD typing in amniocytes which were isolated from amniotic fluid (18-40 gw) obtained by amniocentesis (n=26) or during delivery (n=27). In the clinically most important group of children from RhD-negative women (n=25) and in 28 newborns of RhD- positive mothers, we found a 100 percent agreement between the findings of PCR and the results of serologic typing. If these encouraging results are confirmed in a larger series, the method could be used for the clinical management of RhD-negative women with Rhesus incompatibility and a heterozygous RhD-positive partner.

Amniocentesis↗