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PubMed1996

Multiple herd evaluation of the effects of maternal lineage on yield traits of Holstein cattle.

Effects of maternal lineage on yield traits were examined by using animal models. Data were 6054 multiparous records of 2264 cows from six herds in North Carolina and the breeding herd of Iowa State University. Separate analyses were performed by using first lactation records from North Carolina, all records from North Carolina, and pooled records from North Carolina and Iowa. Traits were mature equivalent yields of milk, fat, and protein; percentages of fat and protein; and milk energy concentration and yield. Cattle were assigned to maternal lineages on the basis of the earliest female ancestor recorded. Fixed effects in the models were herd-year-season, parity, and maternal lineage; random effects were animal, permanent environment, and residual. All additive genetic relationships were considered. For all analyses, maternal lineage was associated with significant differences in fat percentage and milk energy concentration. Differences between maternal lineages for yield traits were not significant. Variance components were also obtained with REML using the same data and models, but with lineage as a random effect. Based on records pooled from Iowa and North Carolina, maternal lineage accounted for 2.7% of the variance in fat percentage. Otherwise, < 1.2% of the variance of any trait was associated with maternal lineage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of the ratio of ruminal propionate to butyrate on milk yield and blood metabolites in dairy cows.

Four Ayrshire cows (mean = 56 DIM) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to study the effects of the ratio of propionate to butyrate in the rumen on milk yield, milk composition, and blood metabolites. The cows were fed a basal diet (16.2% CP, 43.4% NDF) consisting of 50% grass silage, 6% grass hay, and 44% concentrate (percentage of DM). The diet supplied 44 Mcal/d of metabolizable energy and was supplemented with isoenergetic infusions of VFA (4.5 Mcal/d). Propionate (900 g/d) was replaced gradually with 33, 67, and 100% of butyrate on an energy basis. Replacement of propionate with butyrate in the infusate decreased propionate and increased butyrate concentrations in ruminal fluid and in blood plasma. Yields of milk and lactose decreased, and yield of milk fat increased, as butyrate increased. Milk fat content increased, and lactose content decreased, as butyrate increased. Increased ruminal supply of butyrate decreased plasma glucose concentration and increased blood ketone body concentration. When only butyrate was infused (750 g/d), either liver metabolism was changed or tissue mobilization was increased, as indicated by the increased production of long-chain milk fatty acids and increased plasma concentrations of acetate, Gly, and branched-chain AA. An increase in ruminal butyrate supply at the expense of propionate adversely affected milk yield and the repartitioning of nutrients between milk components. At a high percentage, increased butyrate might also adversely affect the overall metabolism of the cow.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1997

Effects of left displaced abomasum on test day milk yields of Holstein cows.

A linear model was used to estimate the effects of left displaced abomasum on 57,383 test day milk yields collected between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1993 in New York State from 12,572 Holstein cows in parity < or = 6. Twenty-five index categories were created to differentiate among milk collected between calving and up to 60 d after diagnosis of left displaced abomasum, milk collected > 60 d after diagnosis of left displaced abomasum, milk collected before or after diagnosis of cows with any diseases other than left displaced abomasum, and milk collected from cows that remained healthy for the entire lactation. For each parity, the statistical model included fixed effects (management, age at calving, length of dry period, previous 305-d milk yield, stage of lactation, year and season of sampling date, disease index, and DHIA SCS at milk sampling) and random effects (permanent and temporary environments) on test day milk yields. From calving to 60 d after diagnosis, cows with left displaced abomasum yielded on average 557 kg less milk than did cows without left displaced abomasum; 30% of losses occurred before diagnosis. Milk loss increased as parity and productivity increased. Cows with left displaced abomasum were nearly twice as likely to have another disease than were cows without left displaced abomasum.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1997

Yield, composition, and in vitro digestibility of temperate and tropical corn hybrids grown as silage crops planted in summer.

Following the harvest of corn silage crops that were planted in spring, second crops of one temperate and four tropical corn hybrids were planted under conditions of minimum tilling in four replications on August 3, 1992 and harvested on October 11, 1992 (yr 1). During the 2nd yr, second crops were planted on July 21, 1993 and harvested on October 19, 1993. Dry matter yields of the hybrids ranked similarly for both years but differed among hybrids, ranging from 7800 to 11,430 kg/ha (yr 1) and from 8470 to 13,150 kg/ha (yr 2). The temperate hybrid yielded 20% (yr 1) and 26% (yr 2) less than the lowest yielding tropical hybrid. The proportion of grain in the dry matter (DM) differed across hybrids, ranging from 14.3 to 32.2% during yr 1 and from 18.0 to 32.4% during yr 2. Composition of the DM, excluding grain, also differed for the hybrids: acid detergent fiber ranged from 38.0 to 42.2% during yr 1 and 40.0 to 48.8% during yr 2; in vitro digestible DM ranged from 60.9 to 65.1% during yr 1 and from 53.0 to 64.6% during yr 2. The temperate hybrid was the highest in acid detergent fiber and the lowest in in vitro digestible DM. Lower digestibility during yr 2 was attributed to disease, which infected 24.9 to 40.4% of the foliage of tropical hybrids and 84.3% of the temperate hybrid. Whole plant DM digestibilities differed narrowly in yr 1 (68.8 to 70.4%) but differed widely in yr 2 (62.2 to 69.9%). There were important differences among yields and compositions of tropical hybrids planted in summer, but all were superior to the temperate hybrid.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1997

Effect of dystocia on yield, fertility, and cow losses and an economic evaluation of dystocia scores for Holsteins.

Lactation records of US Holstein cows were analyzed with mixed models to determine the effect of dystocia on 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields, days open, number of services, and cow losses and to estimate the economic loss associated with dystocia. The data were 122,715 records of 71,618 cows from 1980 to 1991. The single-trait animal model included herd-year-season, sex of calf, age of dam, and dystocia score as fixed effects and animal and permanent environment as random effects. The effect of dystocia was significant (P < 0.01) on all traits within and across parities. Over multiple parities, the differences between score 5 (extreme difficulty) versus score 1 (no problem) for milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, days open, number of services, and cow deaths were 703.6 kg, 24.1 kg, 20.8 kg, 33 d, 0.2 services, and 4.1%, respectively. The losses associated with traits were priced and summed to determine the total economic loss associated with dystocia. In addition, calf mortality was considered to be a cost. Across parities, estimates of costs were $0.00, $50.45, $96.48, $159.82, and $379.61 for scores 1 to 5, respectively. Cost of dystocia was relatively higher on a per incidence basis than would be expected from the mean of the population. The total cost associated with dystocia (i. e., within-parity sum of costs associated with dystocia scores weighted by the probability of occurrence) was $28.53 for an average heifer and about $10.00 for an average cow for other parities.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1997

Effect of atropine on milk protein yield by dairy cows with different beta-lactoglobulin phenotypes.

The objective of this study was to determine the response of individual milk proteins to a reduction in amino acid (AA) availability induced by atropine and to determine whether the response was different in cows with different beta-lactoglobulin (LG) phenotypes. Six cows that were homozygous for the A variant of beta-LG and six cows that were homozygous for the B variant of beta-LG were each given a single subcutaneous injection of saline or 20 mg of atropine. In both groups of cows, atropine decreased milk yield by 30% and reduced the concentration of alpha-lactalbumin (LA) by 25 to 30% at 8 h following injection. Eight hours after atropine injection, yield of beta-LG was 41% lower than it was following saline injection, and yield of beta-casein (CN) after atropine injection declined 16% relative to saline. Concentrations of BSA and the ratio of gamma-CN to beta-CN, which reflects plasmin activity in milk, were significantly increased after administration of atropine. Although the response to atropine tended to be more pronounced in cows that were homozygous for beta-LG B, they were not significantly different from the response of cows that were homozygous for beta-LG B, they were not significantly different from the response of cows that were homozygous for beta-LG A. The differential response of individual proteins to a reduction in AA concentrations in whole blood suggested that susceptibility to restriction in substrate availability differed for individual proteins. The concentration of lactose in plasma did not change, which implied that the integrity of the mammary epithelial barrier was not compromised when AA derived from blood were diminished. The consistent concentration of lactose combined with the minimal increase in total yield of BSA in milk following atropine treatment indicated that the increased concentration in milk of proteins derived from serum was due to the concentrating effect of lower milk volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Lactation curves of Valle del Belice dairy ewes for yields of milk, fat, and protein estimated with test day models.

Test day models were used to estimate the lactation curves for Valle del Belice ewes and to study the main environmental effects on milk yield and on percentage of fat and protein. Environmental effects were treated as fixed. A random effect was associated with each lactation to evaluate the mean correlation among all test day records of an individual ewe. Lactation curves were constructed by adding solutions for classes of either days in milk nested within parity or days in milk nested within season of lambing to appropriate general means. Parity primarily affected the lactation curve for milk yield, which was lower and flatter for first lambing ewes; effects on fat and protein were smaller. Season of lambing affected all traits. Seasonal productivity had the greatest effect on milk composition, resulting in an imbalance between fat and protein percentages. Flock and feed supplementation affected only the lactation curve for milk yield. The lactation curve of Valle del Belice ewes stood at a relatively high level. However, the presence of notable, perturbative effects (environmental and random variation) on milk yield and composition suggests that management is unable to meet the requirements of ewes consistently.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

Effect of processing high moisture ear corn on ruminal fermentation and milk yield.

Thirty-six multiparous dairy cows (8 fitted with ruminal cannulas) and 16 primiparous dairy cows were blocked by days in milk and parity and assigned to one of four diets containing 53% alfalfa silage [dry matter (DM) basis] plus 1) high moisture ear corn, 2) high moisture ear corn plus expeller soybean meal, 3) ground high moisture ear corn, or 4) ground high moisture ear corn plus expeller soybean meal. The high moisture ear corn was rolled before ensiling at 68% DM. Ground high moisture ear corn was prepared by further grinding through a 9.5-mm screen; grinding reduced the geometric mean particle size from 4.33 to 1.66 mm. Diets contained 1.69 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of DM. Relative to cows fed diet 1, milk yield was 4 kg/d greater for cows fed diet 2; numerically, milk yield was about 2 kg/d greater for cows fed diets 3 and 4 than for cows fed diet 1. Yield of milk components also was greater for cows fed diets 2 and 3 but not for cows fed diet 4. Intake of DM and yield of 4% FCM were greatest for cows fed diet 3 and lowest for cows fed diet 1. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were increased, and ruminal NH3 concentration was depressed, by the grinding of high moisture corn; expeller soybean meal increased ruminal NH3. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was not different among in vivo treatments, but the molar proportion of acetate decreased, and propionate increased, for cows fed diet 3. The grinding of high moisture corn significantly decreased pH, increased total volatile fatty acid concentration, and increased the rate of decline of NH3 concentration in ruminal in vitro incubations. Grinding improved the utilization of high moisture corn by lactating cows by stimulating ruminal fermentation.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1998

Effects of milk somatic cell count on cottage cheese yield and quality.

Eight Holstein cows in midlactation were selected for low milk somatic cell count (SCC) and the absence of the pathogens that cause mastitis. Milk collection and cottage cheese manufacture from low SCC milk were replicated on each of 4 d (control period). Each cow was infused with 1000 cfu of Streptococcus agalactiae. One week after infusion, milk from the same eight cows was collected and commingled. On each of 4 d, cottage cheese was made from milk with high SCC (treatment period). A mass-balance protocol, accounting for protein and total solids, was used to determine recoveries in whey, wash water, and uncreamed curd. Actual yields, yields adjusted for composition, and theoretical yields of uncreamed curd were calculated. Mean milk SCC for the periods with the low SCC (control) and the high SCC (treatment) were 83 x 10(3) and 872 x 10(3) cells/ml, respectively. The recovery of protein in the uncreamed curd was higher during the low SCC period than during the high SCC period (75.85% vs. 74.35%). High SCC and the associated higher proteolytic activity caused higher protein loss in the whey and wash water and more curd fines. The percentage of total solids recovery in uncreamed curd was higher for high SCC milk because the lactose content of the high SCC milk was 0.27% lower than that of the low SCC milk. The moisture content of the curd was higher for the high SCC milk (82.75% vs. 83.81%). Proteolysis during refrigerated storage was faster in cottage cheese made from high SCC milk. The yield efficiency of uncreamed curd, adjusted for composition based on 81% moisture, was 4.34% lower for the cottage cheese curd made from high SCC milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of branched-chain amino acids and sodium caseinate on milk protein concentration and yield from dairy cows.

Our study investigated the separate and combined effects of branched-chain amino acids (AA) and sodium caseinate on milk protein concentration and yield. Four Holstein cows (112 d in milk) were abomasally infused with water, branched-chain AA (150 g/d), sodium caseinate (600 g/d), or branched-chain AA plus sodium caseinate (44 and 600 g/d, respectively) according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 8-d treatment periods. Cows were fed a dry diet based on alfalfa hay and concentrates for ad libitum intake. The ration was formulated to exceed requirements for metabolizable energy and protein using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Neither daily dry matter intake (24.2 +/- 0.4 kg/d; X +/- SEM) nor milk yield (32.9 +/-; 0.4 kg/d) was affected by any of the infusion treatments. Infusion of branched-chain AA had no effect on any milk production parameters, despite a 50% increase in their concentrations. Modest increases in milk protein concentration (0.1%) and milk protein yield (62 g/d) resulted from the infusion of sodium caseinate or branched-chain AA plus sodium caseinate. True protein and whey protein concentrations in milk were also marginally increased by infusion of sodium caseinate and branched-chain AA plus sodium caseinate, and infusion of branched-chain AA, sodium caseinate, or both elevated milk nonprotein N content. Plasma urea N concentrations were elevated by the sodium caseinate and branched-chain AA plus sodium caseinate treatments. No treatment effects on other plasma metabolites or hormones were observed. Our results show no benefit of supplementation with branched-chain AA and only modest effects of sodium caseinate on milk protein concentration and yield in well-fed cows.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1999

Effects of milk fever, ketosis, and lameness on milk yield in dairy cows.

The effects of milk fever, ketosis, and lameness were studied using data from 23,416 Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved in 1993 and were followed for one lactation (i.e., until culling or the next calving). Monthly test day milk yields were treated as repeated measurements within a cow in a mixed model analysis. Disease index variables were created to relate the timing of a disease to the measures of test day milk. Statistical models for each parity and disease included fixed effects of calving season, stage of lactation, and disease index. An autoregressive correlation structure was used to model the association among the repeated measurements. The milk yield of cows contracting milk fever was affected for a period of 4 to 6 wk after calving; the loss ranged from 1.1 to 2.9 kg/d, depending on parity and the time elapsed after milk fever diagnosis. Despite the loss, cows with milk fever produced 1.1 to 1.7 kg more milk/d than did healthy cows. Milk yield started to decline 2 to 4 wk before the diagnosis of ketosis and continued to decline for a varying time period after it. The daily milk loss was greatest within the 2 wk after the diagnosis, varying from 3.0 to 5.3 kg/d, depending on parity. Cows in parity 4 or higher were most severely affected by ketosis; the average total loss per cow was 353.4 kg. Lameness also affected milk yield; milk loss of cows diagnosed with foot and leg disorders varied between 1.5 and 2.8 kg/d during the first 2 wk after the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition of cows fed yeast prepartum and postpartum.

Thirty-six multiparous and 12 primiparous Holstein cows were utilized in a completely randomized design to characterize the effects of feeding yeast cultures (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and enzymes on dry matter intake and milk yield and composition. The prepartum diet consisted of a total mixed ration containing chopped grass hay, corn silage, and grain pellet. The postpartum diet consisted of a total mixed ration containing corn silage, legume silage, chopped legume hay, and grain pellet. Treatments consisted of 1) whey control, 10 g/d; 2) enzyme, 10 g/d; 3) yeast; 15 g/d; and 4) Biomate Yeast Plus (20 g/d; Chr. Hansen BioSystems, Inc., Milwaukee, WI). Treatments were top-dressed at feeding time. Cows were housed in a tie-stall barn, had continuous access to fresh water, and were fed once daily at 0800 h for ad libitum intake. Daily intake and orts were recorded beginning 28 d prior to the expected calving date through wk 13 of lactation. Daily milk yield and weekly milk samples were collected through wk 13 of lactation. Body weight and body condition score were recorded once every 2 wk throughout the experiment. Urine samples were collected at 30, 60, and 90 d of lactation and were analyzed for allantoin and creatinine. Least squares means for intake, milk yield, and milk composition were unaffected by treatment. The allantoin to creatinine ratio was not affected by treatment. Yeast cultures with or without enzyme had no direct effects on prepartum or postpartum dry matter intake or milk yield and composition.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1999

Effects of clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows.

The effect of clinical mastitis on milk yield was studied in 24,276 Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved in 1993 and were followed for one lactation (i.e., until culling or the next calving). Cows that had only mastitis, but no other diseases, and cows that had no diseases (healthy cows) during the lactation were included in the study. Monthly test day milk yields were treated as repeated measurements within an animal in a mixed model analysis. Mastitis index categories were created to relate the timing of mastitis to the test day milk measures. Statistical models (a separate model for each parity) included fixed effects of calving season, stage of lactation, and mastitis index. An autoregressive correlation structure was used to model the association among the repeated measurements. The effect of mastitis occurring at different periods during the lactation was studied. The daily loss during the first 2 wk after the occurrence of mastitis varied from 1.0 to 2.5 kg, and the total loss over the entire lactation varied from 110 to 552 kg and depended on parity and the time of mastitis occurrence. Regardless of the time of occurrence during the lactation, mastitis had a long-lasting effect on milk yield; cows with mastitis did not reach their premastitis milk yields during the remainder of the lactation after onset of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of extrusion of grain and feeding frequency on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and milk yield and composition in dairy cows.

The effect of corn extrusion and feeding frequency on ruminal and postruminal digestibility and milk yield was studied in cows fed a high concentrate diet. Four Israeli Holstein cows fitted with rumen and abomasal cannulas were used. The experiment was arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial design, with two diets and two feeding frequencies (two or four meals per day). One diet contained 40% ground corn. In the second diet, half of the ground corn was replaced with extruded corn. Feeding cows the extruded versus ground corn diet decreased ruminal ammonia N and plasma urea N concentrations, increased postruminal digestibility of nonstructural carbohydrates, reduced dry matter intake, decreased yield of milk and milk components, and increased efficiency of milk energy and milk protein synthesis. The inclusion of extruded corn in the diet did not affect ruminal volatile fatty acid. Increasing the feeding frequency reduced the diurnal variation in ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia, and plasma urea, and increased dry matter intake--considerably more in the cows fed ground versus extruded corn--and improved postruminal organic matter, nonstructural carbohydrate, and crude protein digestibility. Total tract digestibility of organic matter and crude protein and milk yield and composition were also increased when cows were fed four versus two meals. Concurrent with the feeding frequency and grain processing effect, an increase in rumen-undegradable protein flow was related to increased digestion of nonstructural carbohydrate postruminally (r = 0.54). We concluded that for cows fed high-starch diets more frequent meals are useful for improving postruminal digestibility and milk yield and composition.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of environmental effects on test day milk yields of Sarda dairy ewes.

Temporal evolution of Sarda ewes milk production was analyzed with mixed linear models and factor analysis to investigate environmental effects on the shape of lactation curves and on milk yields during different lactation stages. Parity, year of production, level of altitude, and flock within altitude affected milk yield, whereas the effect of type of lambing was not significant. Lactation curves pertaining to the three altitudes were clearly different. Factor analysis suggested an independence among yields recorded during different phases of lactation and a specific behavior of (co)variances structure among test day yields obtained in mountains compared with hills and plains.

Altitude↗
PubMed2003

Subarachnoid hemorrhage without evident cause on initial angiography studies: diagnostic yield of subsequent angiography and other neuroimaging tests.

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of imaging tests performed in patients in whom the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had not been demonstrated on initial angiography. METHODS: By reviewing medical records of 806 patients with SAH who had been admitted during a 6.5-year period, the authors identified 86 in whom initial transfemoral catheter angiography failed to reveal the cause of SAH. Clinical and radiological data were analyzed to determine the diagnostic yield of subsequent catheter angiography, computerized tomography (CT) angiography, magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, and MR imaging of the brain and spine for various subtypes of SAH (bleeding not visualized on CT studies [CT-negative SAH], perimesencephalic SAH, and nonperimesencephalic SAH). Of 41 patients with nonperimesencephalic SAH, 36, 32, and 21 underwent repeated catheter angiography, CT angiography, and MR angiography, respectively; brain MR imaging was performed in 23 patients (18 with Gd and 15 with susceptibility contrast sequences), and spine MR imaging in 17. Of 36 patients with perimesencephalic SAH, 31, 23, and 17 underwent repeated catheter angiography, CT angiography, and MR angiography, respectively; brain MR imaging was performed in 18 patients (17 with Gd and 11 with susceptibility contrast sequences), and spine MR imaging in 14. Of nine patients with SAH not visualized on CT scanning, three, one, and six underwent repeated catheter angiography, CT angiography, and MR angiography, respectively; brain MR imaging was performed in eight patients (five with Gd and three with susceptibility contrast sequences), and spine MR imaging in seven. The cause of SAH could be determined in only four patients, all with nonperimesencephalic SAH. The only test that yielded a diagnosis was catheter angiography (three aneurysms on the second and one on the third angiography, all surgically secured). Diffusion-weighted MR imaging demonstrated small, deep infarcts in five patients. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated catheter angiography remains the most sensitive test to determine the cause of SAH that is not demonstrated on initial angiography, particularly in the subtype of nonperimesencephalic SAH. Newer, noninvasive imaging techniques provide little diagnostic yield.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of different antibiotics on performance, processing characteristics, and parts yield of broiler chickens.

Broilers were grown to 49 days of age on diets supplemented with bambermycins (BAM, 2.2 ppm), bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD, 27.5 ppm), virginiamycin (VM, 11 ppm), or an unmedicated control. Samples of birds were processed for dressing percentage and parts yield. There were no significant (P greater than .05) effects of antibiotics on final body weight, feed conversion, or mortality. In male broilers, BMD and VM significantly (P less than or equal to .05) increased dressing percentage and percentage yield and reduced the skeletal rack as a percentage of postchill weight compared to those fed the nonmedicated control. All antibiotics significantly increased breast skin weight and breast skin as a percentage of postchill weight of as compared with those fed the unmedicated control. In female broilers, BAM and BMD significantly increased dressing percentage and percentage yield and increased breast weight and breast as percentage of postchill weight as compared with those fed the unmedicated control diet. Females fed BMD also had significantly heavier leg quarters and breast skin than those fed the unmediated control. Females fed VM had increased breast skin weight and breast skin as a percentage of postchill weight than those fed the unmedicated control. The results of the present study indicate that antibiotics may influence dressing percentage and parts yield in the absence of improvements in body weight gain or feed utilization.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of different anticoccidials on processing characteristics and parts yield of broiler chickens.

Broilers were grown to 42 days of age on diets supplemented with salinomycin (60 mg/kg), monensin (99 mg/kg), or halofuginone (3 mg/kg) and continued on unmedicated diets to 49 days of age. There were no significant (P greater than .05) differences among anticoccidials in final body weight, feed conversion, or mortality rates. Samples of birds were processed for dressing percentage and parts yield. Both males and females fed salinomycin had significantly higher breast meat yield as a percentage of postchill weight than those fed halofuginone but not those fed monensin; differences were not significant for breast meat yield of males or females fed monensin or halofuginone. Males fed halofuginone had significantly heavier leg quarters than those fed salinomycin but not those fed monensin. Females fed salinomycin had significantly higher water uptake during chill than those fed monensin or halofuginone. Results of the present study indicate that the anticoccidial used in growing broilers may influence some carcass yield parameters.

Animals↗