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PubMed1979

Ultrastructure of canine urinary bladder carcinoma.

Luminal and intraepithelial asymmetric unit membrane plaques were found in the urinary bladder urothelium of normal dogs. Tight junctions were found only at the apical poles of the luminal cells. In four dogs with spontaneous urinary bladder carcinomas the asymmetric unit membrane plaques were replaced by symmetric unit membrane. In the neoplastic luminal cells the tight junctions were partially attenuated. Invasive and metastatic neoplastic cells had some tight junction at the stromal interface. Some gap junctions were seen in the normal urothelium but not in the neoplastic cells. The amount of desmosomes in the neoplastic cells varied according to their direction of differentiation (transitional, squamous or glandular).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder: classification and management.

Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is an uncommon, often aggressive urologic cancer. In an attempt to classify and define management of this tumor, 28 patients with vesical adenocarcinoma were studied. Excluded were patients with mixed transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Three major classes of tumor were identified: primary vesical adenocarcinoma, urachal adenocarcinoma, and extravesical adenocarcinoma involving the bladder. Signet ring cell tumors appeared to behave more aggressively than other cell types. Radical surgery was the most effective treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and cisplatin for primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.

BACKGROUND: Primary invasive adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder was diagnosed in a 59-year-old man with a 6-month history of macrohematuria. METHODS: He was treated with intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and cisplatin and underwent radical cystectomy and construction of ileal conduit. RESULTS: The pathologic examination of the specimen revealed no viable malignant cells. CONCLUSION: 5-Fluorouracil combined with leucovorin and/or cisplatin has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and may be useful in primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder: report of a case with suggested metaplastic origin.

Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder is a very rare and morphologically complex tumor-like lesion. It is composed of several types of mullerian-type lesions, including endometriosis, endocervicosis, and endosalpingiosis. This disease occurs in women of the reproductive age group. In the pathogenesis, implantative and metaplastic origins have been suggested, and they are still under discussion. In the present report, a rare case of this lesion in a 41-year-old woman is described. The bladder contained, in addition to typical mullerianosis, glandular cystitis with focal intestinal metaplasia. An interesting and, to our knowledge, hitherto unreported feature was a rare continuity between the glands of mullerianosis and glands of glandular cystitis. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings in the present case support strongly the metaplastic origin of mullerianosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Widespread mucous metaplasia of the urinary bladder with nephrogenic adenoma.

We describe widespread metaplastic changes observed in nonexstrophic urinary bladder mucosa in a 32-year-old man. Extensive areas of the luminal surface were covered by two types of metaplastic epithelium. One type was bilayered while the other was single layered with columnar cells of varying electron density as well as mucus-secreting cells. An area of adenomatoid metaplasia was also observed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

We have reported a case of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a 65-year-old white man with a smoking history. He had radical cystectomy, but died 6 months after initial diagnosis. The patient terminally had liver metastasis, confirmed by fine needle aspiration and radiographic evidence of intra-abdominal and right adrenal gland metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Current approaches to treatment of urinary bladder cancer].

The study included 30 patients with surface cancer of the urinary bladder stage TA-T1 G1-3. As the first step of the treatment, all the patients were operated with removal of the tumor then the patients were randomized to postoperative intravesicular immunotherapy with ronkoleucine in single doses 500,000 IU (15 patients of group 1) or 1,000,000 IU (15 patients of group 2). It was found that group 2 patients had recurrences much less frequently (26.7 vs 66.7%, respectively). With higher degrees of differentiation of the tumor cells recurrences occurred more frequently in both groups. Group 2 patients developed recurrences significantly less frequently in G1 and G2 (22.2%). In G3 all the patients had recurrences. Intravesicular administration of ronkoleukine raised absolute number of CD3 and CD4 subpopulations during the treatment and after it as well as raised concentration of TNF. The levels of the latter in the urine rose after the end of each immunoprophylaxis course. Intravesicular use of ronkoleukine entailed no specific toxic reactions. Thus, intravesicular prophylactic immunotherapy of recurrent surface cancer of the urinary bladder with ronkoleukine in a single dose 1,000,000 IU is effective prevention in patients with high (G1) and moderate (G2) grade of tumor cell differentiation. The single dose 500,000 IU is uneffective. A rise in subpopulations CD3, CD4 and TNF cytokine in the urine evidences for systemic activation of the immunity.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Early induction of mouse urinary bladder ornithine decarboxylase activity by rodent vesical carcinogens.

The responses of mouse urinary bladder ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) activities were studied following topical intravesical administration of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide (FANFT) or 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT), potent rodent bladder carcinogens. A single bladder topical application of ANFT or FANFT resulted in a significant increase over controls of ornithine decarboxylase activity within 5 hr, with a return to control levels by 10 hr. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity demonstrated a lesser response to topical ANFT or FANFT, achieving a level 2 or 3 times that of controls at 5 to 8 hr, followed by a gradual decline to control levels. Stimulation of activities of both enzymes was dose dependent over a range of 4.6 to 460 nmol of ANFT. ANFT-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity was principally localized in the bladder epithelium and was inhibited in a linear dose-response relationship by the synthetic retinoid, 13-cis-retinoic acid. Mice given FANFT p.o. demonstrated a significant increase over controls in ornithine decarboxylase activity within 12 hr, followed by a gradual decline to control levels by 72 hr.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed2003

Developmental changes in spontaneous smooth muscle activity in the neonatal rat urinary bladder.

Changes in spontaneous activity of the urinary bladder during postnatal development were examined in muscle strips from the base and dome of bladders from 1- to 5-wk-old rats. Activity was analyzed using fast Fourier transformation (FFT), nonlinear cross prediction, and the Shannon entropy test. Spontaneous activity was not detected in strips from 1- to 5-day-old rats but was observed in 50% of strips from 6- to 7-day-old rats and was prominent in strips from 2-wk-old animals. FFT analysis revealed one peak in activity, which was significantly faster in the bladder base (0.21 +/- 0.03 Hz) than in the dome (0.08 +/- 0.01 Hz). A second peak at approximately 0.5 Hz was detected at 3-5 wk of age. Atropine but not tetrodotoxin decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions, whereas carbachol, a muscarinic agonist, unmasked or stimulated spontaneous activity. These data suggest that slow rhythmic activity observed previously in neonatal whole bladders is generated by pacemaker cells in the bladder base or dome. The emergence of faster activity in bladders from older animals may reflect the development of multiple pacemaker sites, which would reduce coordination within the bladder wall and improve storage function in the mature bladder.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1996

[A case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder associated with transitional cell carcinoma].

We report a case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder associated with transitional cell carcinoma. A 60-year-old-male was referred to our hospital because of the complaint of dysuria and for detailed examination of left hydronephrosis. Drip infusion pyelography revealed left uretero-vesico junction stenosis. Flexible cystoscopy revealed benign prostatic hypertrophy and epithelial bladder tumor at the bladder neck and left ureteral orifice. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as TCC (transitional cell carcinoma). M-VAC chemotherapy (methotrexate 30 mg/m2, day 1, 15, 22, vinblastine 3 mg/m2, day 1, 15, 22, adriamycin 30 mg/m2, day 2, cisplatin 70 mg/m2, day 2) was performed as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, since pelvic MRI revealed tumor invasion in to the muscle area, total cystoprostatourethrectomy and ileal conduit were done. Pathological examination of the tumor of left ureteral orifice revealed TCC, G2, INF beta, pT1, ly0, v(-), pN0, PM0. The tumor in the bladder neck was histologically diagnosed as submuscosal type leiomyoma. No cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder associated with transitional cell carcinoma have been reported in Japan.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1984

Effects of three sweeteners on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine.

The effects of three sweeteners, sodium saccharin, aspartame and stevioside, on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were evaluated. Male F344 rats were given 0.01% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then the test sweeteners in their diet for 32 weeks. All surviving rats were sacrificed after 36 weeks, and examined histologically. Treatment with sodium saccharin significantly increased the incidence and extent of preneoplastic lesions, papillary or nodular (PN) hyperplasia, in rats treated with BBN for 4 weeks. Administration of 5% aspartame or 5% stevioside in the diet did not, however, affect the incidence or extent of PN hyperplasia in BBN-treated rats. No preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder were observed in rats treated with the test sweeteners only. The results with sodium saccharin were consistent with those in our previous experiments. The data also suggest that aspartame and stevioside do not promote bladder carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Possible involvement of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 in protease-activated receptor-2-mediated contraction of rat urinary bladder.

Possible involvement of Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) was examined in protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-mediated contraction of the rat urinary bladder. Both PAR-2 activating peptide (PAR-2 AP; SLIGRL-NH2) and trypsin produced a concentration-dependent contractile response in the urinary bladder preparations. These contractions were significantly (p<0.01) attenuated by indomethacin (10 microM), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, or bromoenol lactone (BEL; 10 micro M), an inhibitor of iPLA2. On the other hand, the contractile responses to bradykinin were not significantly affected by BEL, although they were reduced by indomethacin. Arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3; 30 microM), an inhibitor of cytosolic Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipase A2, did not affect the trypsin- and bradykinin-induced contractions. Both indomethacin and BEL had no inhibitory effect on the prostaglandin E2-induced contractions. These results suggest that PAR-2 activators and bradykinin stimulate the release of prostaglandins and thereby contract the rat urinary bladder smooth muscles. The release of prostaglandins by PAR-2 activators seems to be partly mediated by the iPLA2.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Inhibition of basolateral cAMP permeability in the toad urinary bladder.

1. The effect of sulphonylurea drugs on hydrosmotic flow across toad urinary bladder epithelium was re-evaluated in the present study. Glibenclamide, added to the basolateral medium, significantly enhanced the osmotic flow induced by low doses of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or forskolin (FK), while it inhibited the effect of exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or its non-hydrolysable bromo derivative, 8-Br-cAMP, added to the basolateral medium. These opposite effects of glibenclamide on the transepithelial osmotic flow can be explained by a reduction of cAMP permeability across the basolateral membrane of the epithelium. The decrease in cAMP permeability leads, according to the direction of the cAMP gradient, to firstly an enhanced osmotic flow when cAMP is generated intracellularly by addition of ADH and FK, glibenclamide reducing cAMP exit from the cell, and secondly a decreased osmotic flow in response to cAMP (and 8-Br-cAMP) added to the basolateral medium, glibenclamide inhibiting, in this case, their entry into the cell. 2. The demonstration that glibenclamide actually inhibits the basolateral cAMP permeability rests on the fact that firstly it decreases the release of cAMP into the basolateral medium by about 40 %, at each concentration of ADH or forskolin tested, secondly it increases the cAMP content of paired hemibladders incubated in the presence of ADH or FK, when intracellular degradation was prevented by phosphodiesterase inhibition, and thirdly it decreases also the uptake of basolateral 8-Br-[3H]cAMP into paired toad hemibladders. 3. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that glibenclamide inhibits the toad urinary bladder basolateral membrane permeability to cAMP, most probably by a direct interaction with a membrane protein not yet indentified but distinct from the sulphonylurea receptor.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed2002

Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of MALT type involving the mucosa of both the urinary bladder and stomach.

Primary lymphoma of the urinary bladder is a very rare tumour. A bladder tumour was found in a 57 year old man with obstructive dysuria. It was found by histological and immunohistohistochemical investigation to be an extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma. Lymphoepithelial lesions were absent, but were found in a clinically silent gastric lymphoma discovered four weeks later during staging investigations; this gastric lymphoma was negative for Helicobacter pylori by breath test and molecular biological analysis. Sequencing of the clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in both tumours indicated the same precursor cell, of follicular or post follicular origin. In synopsis, the data suggested that this was a case of primary lymphoma of the bladder with involvement of the stomach. The application of a chromosome 3 specific alpha satellite probe revealed trisomy 3. A tumour with these characteristics arising as a lymphoma of the bladder with a metachronous involvement of the gastric mucosa has not been described previously.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Molecular evidence for progression of nephrogenic metaplasia of the urinary bladder to clear cell adenocarcinoma.

Nephrogenic metaplasia or nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary tract may present a diagnostic challenge in surgical pathology practice. Previous case reports suggest the possibility of nephrogenic metaplasia progressing to clear cell adenocarcinoma, but a malignant potential of nephrogenic metaplasia is generally not acknowledged. A case of a 70-year-old female patient with multiple recurrences of nephrogenic metaplasia of the urinary bladder and subsequent development of clear cell adenocarcinoma is described. Immunohistochemical studies help to differentiate the 2 entities. Results of molecular studies, particularly comparative genomic hybridization analysis, suggest clonal evolution of nephrogenic metaplasia to clear cell adenocarcinoma in this case.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1987

Tissue polypeptide antigen in normal and neoplastic urinary bladder. Preliminary reports.

Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) both in normal and neoplastic urinary bladders has been studied by immunocytochemistry. A comparison of TPA with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), keratins and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in various tumor grades and stages has been performed better to define TPA role in bladder carcinomas. Well-differentiated tumors were strongly stained for TPA with a uniform staining intensity. Undifferentiated tumors were weakly stained for TPA with an uneven staining intensity. There was no relation between TPA findings and stages of invasion. However, TPA seems to be a very helpful diagnostic tool for tumor grading and staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An autopsy case of disseminated trichosporonosis with candidiasis of the urinary bladder.

A case of disseminated trichosporonosis associated with Candida infection of the urinary bladder is presented. Coffee bean shaped or crescent shaped yeast-like elements are characteristic of Trichosporon and useful in differentiating Trichosporon from Candida but such histological features are less efficient than the immunohistochemistry in identifying mixed fungal infection. In the present case, an application of avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method with anti-Trichosporon antiserum and anti-Candida antiserum enabled us to diagnose a mixed infection by both fungi.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder without typical symptoms.

Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is an unusual tumor that typically presents with hypertensive crises related to micturition. We report, herein, the case of a 62-year-old woman with bladder pheochromocytoma. The patient presented with a bladder tumor that was incidentally found by computed tomography (CT) without the triad of sustained hypertension, hematuria and postmicturitional syncope. Cystoscopy revealed a yellowish submucosal tumor in the right lateral wall of the bladder. Treatment consisted of transurethral resection in the initial diagnosis of bladder tumor. A definitive diagnosis was made postoperatively upon pathological examination. The patient has been followed up for 12 months and has shown no recurrence.

Abdominal Pain↗