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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Preclinical profiling and safety studies of ABT-769: a compound with potential for broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to characterize the antiseizure and safety profiles of ABT-769 [(R)-N-(2 amino-2-oxoethyl)spiro[2,5]octane-1-carboxamide]. METHODS: ABT-769 was tested for protection against maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in the mouse and for suppression of electrically kindled amygdala seizures and spontaneous absence-like seizures in the rat. The central nervous system safety profile was evaluated by using tests of motor coordination and inhibitory avoidance. The potential for liver toxicity was assessed in vitro by using a mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation assay. Teratogenic potential was assessed in the mouse. RESULTS: ABT-769 blocked maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol and intravenous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures with median effective dose (ED50) values of 0.25, 0.38, and 0.11 mmol/kg, p.o., respectively. No tolerance was evident in the intravenous pentylenetetrazol test after twice-daily dosing of ABT-769 (0.3 mmol/kg, p.o.) for 4 days. ABT-769 blocked absence-like spike-wave discharge (ED50, 0.15 mmol/kg, p.o.) and shortened the cortical and amygdala afterdischarge duration of kindled seizures (1 and 3 mmol/kg, p.o.). The protective indices (ED50 rotorod impairment/ED50 seizure protection) were 4.8, 3.2, and 10.9 in the maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol and intravenous pentylenetetrazol seizure tests, respectively. ABT-769 did not affect inhibitory avoidance performance (0.1-1 mmol/kg, p.o.). ABT-769 did not affect mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation or induce neural tube defects. CONCLUSIONS: ABT-769 is an efficacious antiseizure agent in animal models of convulsive and nonconvulsive epilepsy and has a favorable safety profile. ABT-769 has a broad-spectrum profile like that of valproic acid. Its profile is clearly different from those of carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and tiagabine.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1992

Color Doppler determination of regurgitant flow: from proximal isovelocity surface areas to proximal velocity profiles. An in vitro study.

There is not yet a completely satisfactory Doppler method for determining the severity of valvular regurgitation. Recently, interest has focused on the so-called "flow convergence region." Color Doppler provides a longitudinal velocity profile of the flow convergence region proximal to restrictive orifices. With respect to determination of regurgitant flow rate, we studied the influence of orifice flow rate and orifice size on the proximal velocity profile. In a phantom model, flow across circular orifices was studied. The distance r (v) of discrete velocities detected proximal to the orifice was measured along the flow center line. Velocity profiles were established. (1) Proximal isovelocity surfaces: The radius r (v) also represented the central radius of the proximal isovelocity surfaces. Increases in flow resulted in larger central radii r (v). Application of the continuity equation and analysis of the resulting values yielded a radius and an orifice size dependence of the geometric isovelocity surface shape. Therefore, their surface area and flow rate could not be calculated from these axial measurements alone. (2) Proximal velocity profiles: The resulting hyperbolic velocity profile curves (x axis = velocity [v], y axis = distance [r (v)]) are shifted rightward by increases in flow. In contrast, increases in orifice size make the curve steeper, but large r (v) are not affected. This differential influence of flow rate and orifice size allows orifice size independent determination of flow rate. A nomogram is presented as one possible method for flow determination.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1994

Interpretation of biophysical profiles by nurses and physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the agreement between nurse and physician interpretation of biophysical profile scores. DESIGN: A prospective evaluation of videotaped biophysical profiles was independently scored by four nurse and four physician interpreters and compared to that of an expert physician. SETTING: The fetal assessment center of a large tertiary-care center; study included women from public and private practices. PATIENTS: Twenty-three women with high-risk pregnancies who were regularly scheduled for a biophysical profile. Women pregnant with multiple fetuses or whose fetuses were less than 28 weeks' gestational age or had severe fetal anomalies were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The proportion of agreement between the physicians and nurses and the physician expert was calculated for each biophysical profile criterion. RESULTS: The kappa statistic was used to evaluate the proportion of agreement with the "gold standard." When compared with the expert, physicians showed 60% moderate or substantial agreement, and the nurses showed 80% moderate or substantial agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' interpretations of biophysical profiles were at least as reliable as physicians' when compared with an expert reviewer.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of profiling dialysate sodium and ultrafiltration on patient comfort and cardiovascular stability during haemodialysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate what affect profiling dialysate sodium and ultrafiltration rate had on cardiovascular stability during haemodialysis, and if there was any effect on patients' fluid balance, thirst, serum sodium levels, blood pressure, or comfort and tolerance. The past decade has seen major advances in haemodialysis machine technology. Parallel developments have included profiling dialysate sodium levels and fluid removal during dialysis. However, some dialysis centres do not use profiling due to fears of long-term detrimental effects, especially with regard to hypertension and fluid control. Within my own workplace, approximately 30% of haemodialysis treatments utilise either sodium or ultrafiltration profiling, or a combination of both. Anecdotally, we have seen an increase in cardiovascular stability and haemodialysis tolerance. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of profiling haemodialysis, to ensure that the treatment we offer patients is safe and effective.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Intra-articular pressure profiles of the cadaveric equine fetlock joint in motion.

The study of the influence of motion and initial intra-articular pressure (IAP) on intra-articular pressure profiles in equine cadaver metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints was undertaken as a prelude to in vivo studies. Eleven equine cadaver MTP joints were submitted to 2 motion frequencies of 5 and 10 cycles/min of flexion and extension, simulating the condition of lower and higher (double) rates of passive motion. These frequencies were applied and pressure profiles generated with initial normal intra-articular pressure (-5 mmHg) and subsequently 30 mmHg intra-articular pressure obtained by injection of previously harvested synovial fluid. The 4 trials performed were 1) normal IAP; 5 cyles/min; 2) normal IAP; 10 cycles/min; 3) IAP at 30 mmHg; 5 cycles/min and 4) IAP at 30 mmHg; 10 cycles/min. The range of joint motion applied (mean +/- s.e.) was 67.6+/-1.61 degrees with an excursion from 12.2+/-1.2 degrees in extension to 56.2+/-2.6 degrees in flexion. Mean pressure recorded in mmHg for the first and last min of each trial, respectively, were 1) -5.7+/-0.9 and -6.3+/-1.1; 2) -5.3+/-1.1 and -6.2+/-1.1; 3) 58.8+/-8.0 and 42.3+/-7.2; 4) 56.6+/-3.7 and 40.3+/-4.6. Statistical analyses showed a trend for difference between the values for the first and last minute in trial 3 (0.05>P<0.1) with P = 0.1 and significant difference (P = 0.02) between the mean IAP of the first and last min in trial 4. The loss of intra-articular pressure associated with time and motion was 10.5, 16.9, 28.1 and 28.9% for trials 1-4, respectively. As initial intraarticular pressure and motion increased, the percent loss of intra-articular pressure increased. The angle of lowest pressure was 12.2+/-1.2 degrees (mean +/- s.e.) in extension in trials 1 and 2. In trials 3 and 4, the lowest pressures were obtained in flexion with the joints at 18.5+/-2.0 degrees (mean +/- s.e.). This demonstrated that the joint angle of least pressure changed as the initial intra-articular pressure changed and there would not be a single angle of least pressure for a given joint. The volume of synovial fluid recovered from the MTP joints in trial 3 compared to 4 (trials in which fluid was injected to attain IAP of 30 mmHg) was not significantly different, supporting a soft tissue compliance change as a cause for the significant loss of intra-articular pressure during the 15 min of trial 4. The pressure profiles generated correlate well with in vivo values and demonstrated consistent pressure profiles. Our conclusions are summarised as follows: 1. Clinically normal equine MTP joints which were frozen and then later thawed were found to have mostly negative baseline intra-articular pressures, as would be expected in living subjects. 2. Alternate pressure profiles of the dorsal and plantar pouch at baseline intra-articular pressure document the presence of pressure forces that would support 'back and forth' fluid movement between joint compartments. This should result in movement of joint fluid during motion, assisting in lubrication and nutrition of articular cartilage. 3. If joint pressure was initially greater than normal (30 mmHg), as occurs in diseased equine MTP joints, joint motion further increased joint capsule relaxation (compliance) and, therefore, reduced intra-articular pressure. 4. Peak intra-articular pressures reached extremely high values (often >100 mmHg) in flexion when initial pressure was 30 mmHg. Joint effusion pressures recorded for clinical MCP joints are frequently 30 mmHg. These IAP values are expected to produce intermittent synovial ischaemia in clinical cases during joint flexion. 5. Additional in vivo studies are necessary to confirm our conclusions from this study and to identify the contributions of fluid absorption and the presence of ischaemia in a vascularised joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Mandibular setback osteotomy: facial soft tissue behavior and possibility to improve the accuracy of the soft tissue profile prediction with the use of a computerized cephalometric program: Quick Ceph Image Pro: v. 2.5.

OBJECTIVES: In part I, to derive ratios of soft to hard tissue profile changes after mandibular setback surgery and to report postoperative changes in soft tissue thickness at the lip and chin areas and, furthermore, to test the hypothesis that soft tissue thickness can act as one of the predictors of soft tissue response after surgery. In part II, to compare the predicted profile lines, using either the customized or the pre-programmed ratios, with the actual postsurgical outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective study with the sample divided into two groups for different purposes. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Department of Orthodontics and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Göteborg University, Sweden. Forty-one Caucasian subjects in need of mandibular setback surgery only. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Hard and soft tissue movements and changes in soft tissue thickness after surgery were calculated using a customized analysis. Comparisons of the predicted profile outcomes with the actual postsurgical outcomes were carried out with another customized analysis. OUTCOME MEASURE: Distance measurements of certain landmarks in relation to constructed reference lines, both in horizontal and vertical planes, were calculated. RESULTS: The upper lip thickness decreased and the lower lip thickness increased after surgery. The hypothesis that the soft tissue thickness at the lip and chin areas could act as predictors of the ratios of soft to hard tissue changes after surgery, was not supported. Ratios for the lower lip of about 83% of the horizontal and 14% of the vertical movement of the PM point on the bony chin were found in Part I. In Part II, these ratios were introduced and the predicted profile moved significantly closer to the actual postsurgical outcome than if using the pre-programmed ratios (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Being able to customize the ratios of soft to hard tissue changes after a particular type of orthognathic surgery will enhance the accuracy of a patient's predicted profile outcome. These ratios should be pre-programmed in future versions of the software.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computational model to evaluate port wine stain depth profiling using pulsed photothermal radiometry.

We report on development of an optical-thermal model to evaluate the use of pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) for depth profiling of port wine stain (PWS) skin. In the model, digitized histology sections of a PWS biopsy were used as the input skin geometry. Laser induced temperature profiles were reconstructed from simulated PPTR signals by applying an iterative, non-negatively constrained conjugate gradient algorithm. Accuracy of the following PWS skin characteristics extracted from the reconstructed profiles was determined: (1) average epidermal thickness (z(epi)), (2) maximum epidermal temperature rise (DeltaT(epi,max)), (3) depth of PWS upper boundary (z(PWS)), and (4) depth of maximum PWS temperature rise (z(PWS,max)). Comparison of the actual and reconstructed profiles from PPTR data revealed a good match for all four PWS skin characteristics. Results of this study indicate that PPTR is a viable approach for depth profiling of PWS skin.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A model to generate beam profiles of the Varian Clinac 4 for three-dimensional dose calculation: open fields.

For the Clinac 4, open field profiles measured in the principal plane have higher intensity "horns" than those in off-axis planes. The maximum deviation occurs at 1-cm depth, where in the worst case of large field sizes and off-axis distances the deviation can be as high as 16% in the region near the horns. A model is proposed to generate open field beam profiles in off-axis planes, based on measured profiles in the transverse principal plane and in the largest field size diagonal plane of the machine. Within the central 90% portion of the field, the maximum deviation of the generated profiles from the measured ones at the same off-axis distance varies from about 3% at 1-cm depth to about 2% at 13-cm depth and then increases to less than 5% at 25-cm depth, even for very large field sizes and off-axis distances. Very little additional computer time and data storage are required for this procedure. Using these profiles, the Milan and Bentley method can be extended to three-dimensional treatment planning with good accuracy.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A convolution method for constructing primary beam profiles in the presence of beam modifiers.

Empirical functions that describe primary beam profiles for radiotherapy treatment planning systems generally account for finite source size only on beams unmodified by blocks, wedges, or compensating filters. To incorporate the effects of extended sources on such modified beams and to treat the effect of an extended source consistent with the manner in which the unmodified beam is treated, the unmodified beam profile can be written as a convolution of an unknown source function with a collimator transmission profile. Using Fourier transforms, one can then solve for the source function. This source function is then convolved with a beam transmission function that has been modified by blocks, wedges, or compensating filters to obtain a primary beam profile. A number of examples are presented that demonstrate the calculations of the effects of beam modifiers on primary beam profiles.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

A new sigmoidal function describing the small field dose profile data from a linear accelerator.

Dose profile data from small circular fields have been used in treatment dose planning for stereotactic radiosurgery. Generally, a two-dimensional interpolation of the measured beam profiles from circular collimators is used to calculate the dose at any axial depth and radial distance from the central axis. Instead, the dose profile data can be transformed into a sigmoidal form. A new three parameter sigmoidal function was developed to fit the transformed (sigmoidal) dose profile data. The values of the three estimated parameters were found to follow either linearly or exponentially as a function of axial depth. Thus, instead of linear interpolation, these formulas can be used to calculate dose at any axial depth and radial distance from the central axis for circular collimators of various diameters. This new sigmoidal function provides another formula to describe dose profile data from circular collimator of small fields.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Generation of arbitrary intensity profiles by combining the scanning beam with dynamic multileaf collimation.

An algorithm, which combines the scanning beam with dynamic collimation to generate any arbitrary intensity profile, is presented. The desired intensity profile is assumed to be piecewise linear. The dynamic collimation method used is the "sliding window." The algorithm can be used either for a given scanning beam profile or to simultaneously determine the scanning beam profile and the leaf motions required to generate the desired intensity profile, which minimize the total treatment time. The limitations imposed by the physics of an elementary beam are taken into account. The algorithm is an iterative one, with typical calculation times being of the order of a few milliseconds.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1985

Auditory brain stem responses from human infants: pure-tone masking profiles for clicks and filtered clicks.

The effects of simultaneous pure-tone maskers on ABR wave V latency and amplitude were examined in three-month-old infants as a means of delineating the frequency specificity of these responses in the immature auditory system. Masking profiles at two intensities (60 and 40 dBn HL) were obtained for click, as well as 4000- and 1000-Hz filtered-click stimuli. Infant profiles, obtained by measuring both latency and amplitude shifts as a result of the discrete-frequency maskers, were compared to adult data obtained under an identical masking paradigm. Both latency and amplitude analyses showed masking profiles for infants which reveal greater low-frequency contribution to responses than found in adult profiles. Additionally, the infant profiles reveal clear differences in the degree of high-frequency spread of masking when comparisons are made to the adult data.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1989

Physiological responses to the pulsation threshold paradigm. I: Pulsation threshold patterns do not reproduce physiological rate profiles of high-pass and low-pass noise maskers.

This article compares psychophysical measures of human processing of acoustic stimuli with one neurophysiological representation (normalized discharge rate profiles) of those stimuli. Psychophysical pulsation threshold patterns (PTPs) were derived for high-pass and low-pass noise maskers. Spectral features of both maskers are clearly evident in the PTPs. However, while the representation of high-pass noise in the PTPs becomes sharper with increasing masker level, the representation of low-pass noise degenerates as masker level is increased. One assumption that has been used previously to interpret pulsation threshold data is that PTPs reflect the profile of activity in primary neural elements in response to the masking stimulus. To investigate this hypothesis, normalized-rate profiles of responses to both maskers were derived from populations of auditory-nerve fibers in cats. Normalized-rate profiles do not exhibit the same behavior as PTPs for high-pass noise maskers in that the neural representation of the band edge degenerates as sound level increases. Furthermore, the distinction between the passband and the stop band is lost in the neural rate profiles, whereas the distinction improves in the high-pass noise PTPs.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Classification of terverticillate penicillia based on profiles of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites.

Strains of available terverticillate penicillium species and varieties were analyzed for profiles of known mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites produced on Czapek yeast autolysate agar (intracellular metabolites) and yeast extract-sucrose agar (extracellular metabolites) by using simple thin-layer chromatography screening techniques. These strains (2,473 in all) could be classified into 29 groups based on profiles of secondary metabolites. Most of these profiles of secondary metabolites were distinct, containing several biosynthetically different mycotoxins and unknown metabolites characterized by distinct colors and retardation factors on thin-layer chromatography plates. Some species (P. italicum and P. atramentosum) only produced one or two metabolites by the simple screening methods. The 29 groups based on profiles of secondary metabolites were known species or subgroups thereof. These species and subgroups were independently identifiable by using morphological and physiological criteria. The species accepted, the number of isolates in each species investigated, and the mycotoxins they produced were: P. atramentosum, 4; P. aurantiogriseum, 510 (group I: penicillic acid and S-toxin and group II: penicillic acid, penitrem A [low frequency], terrestric acid [low frequency], viomellein, and xanthomegnin); P. brevicompactum, 81 (brevianamid A and mycophenolic acid); P. camembertii group I, 38, and group II, 114 (cyclopiazonic acid); P. chrysogenum, 87 (penicillin, roquefortine C, and PR-toxin); P. claviforme, 4 (patulin and roquefortine C); P. clavigerum, 4 (penitrem A); P. concentricum group I, 10 (griseofulvin and roquefortine C), and group II, 3 (patulin and roquefortine C); P. crustosum, 123 (penitrem A, roquefortine C, and terrestric acid); P. echinulatum, 13; P. expansum, 91 (citrinin, patulin, and roquefortine C); P. granulatum, 6 (patulin, penitrem A, and roquefortine C [traces]); P. griseofulvum, 21 (cyclopiazonic acid, griseofulvin, patulin, and roquefortine C); P. hirsutum, 100 (group I: terrestric acid; group II: citrinin, penicillic acid , roquefortine C, and terrestric acid; and group III: roquefortine C and terrestric acid), P. hirsutum group IV, 2 (chaetoglobosin C); P. isariiforme, 1; P. italicum, 41; P. mali, 104; P. roquefortii, 78 (group I: mycophenolic acid, PR-toxin, and roquefortine C and group II: mycophenolic acid, patulin, penicillic acid [low frequency], and roquefortine C); P. viridicatum group I, 634 (brevianamid A [low frequency], penicillic acid, viomellein, and xanthomegnin), P. viridicatum group II and III, 494 (citrinin and ochratoxin A), P. viridicatum group IV, 12 (griseofulvin and viridicatumtoxin). It is proposed that profiles of secondary metabolites be strongly emphasized in any future revision of the penicillia.

Mycotoxins↗
PubMed1994

Changes in Ester-Linked Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Subsurface Bacteria during Starvation and Desiccation in a Porous Medium.

Ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of a Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain and an Arthrobacter protophormiae strain, each isolated from a subsurface sediment, were quantified in a starvation experiment in a silica sand porous medium under moist and dry conditions. Washed cells were added to sand microcosms and maintained under saturated conditions or subjected to desiccation by slow drying over a period of 16 days to final water potentials of approximately - 7.5 MPa for the P. aureofaciens and - 15 MPa for the A. protophormiae. In a third treatment, cells were added to saturated microcosms along with organic nutrients and maintained under saturated conditions. The numbers of culturable cells of both bacterial strains declined to below detection level within 16 days in both the moist and dried nutrient-deprived conditions, while direct counts and total PLFAs remained relatively constant. Both strains of bacteria maintained culturability in the nutrient-amended microcosms. The dried P. aureofaciens cells showed changes in PLFA profiles that are typically associated with stressed gram-negative cells, i.e., increased ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, increased ratios of trans- to cis-monoenoic fatty acids, and increased ratios of cyclopropyl fatty acids to their monoenoic precursors. P. aureofaciens starved under moist conditions showed few changes in PLFA profiles during the 16-day incubation, whereas cells incubated in the presence of nutrients showed decreases in the ratios of both saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids and cyclopropyl fatty acids to their monoenoic precursors. The PLFA profiles of A. protophormiae changed very little in response to either nutrient deprivation or desiccation. Diglyceride fatty acids, which have been proposed to be indicators of dead or lysed cells, remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. Only the A. protophormiae desiccated for 16 days showed an increase in the ratio of diglyceride fatty acids to PLFAs. The results of this laboratory experiment can be useful for interpreting PLFA profiles of subsurface communities of microorganisms for the purpose of determining their physiological status.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Succession of microbial communities during hot composting as detected by PCR-single-strand-conformation polymorphism-based genetic profiles of small-subunit rRNA genes.

A cultivation-independent technique for genetic profiling of PCR-amplified small-subunit rRNA genes (SSU rDNA) was chosen to characterize the diversity and succession of microbial communities during composting of an organic agricultural substrate. PCR amplifications were performed with DNA directly extracted from compost samples and with primers targeting either (i) the V4-V5 region of eubacterial 16S rRNA genes, (ii) the V3 region in the 16S rRNA genes of actinomycetes, or (iii) the V8-V9 region of fungal 18S rRNA genes. Homologous PCR products were converted to single-stranded DNA molecules by exonuclease digestion and were subsequently electrophoretically separated by their single-strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Genetic profiles obtained by this technique showed a succession and increasing diversity of microbial populations with all primers. A total of 19 single products were isolated from the profiles by PCR reamplification and cloning. DNA sequencing of these molecular isolates showed similarities in the range of 92.3 to 100% to known gram-positive bacteria with a low or high G+C DNA content and to the SSU rDNA of gamma-Proteobacteria. The amplified 18S rRNA gene sequences were related to the respective gene regions of Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. Specific molecular isolates could be attributed to different composting stages. The diversity of cultivated bacteria isolated from samples taken at the end of the composting process was low. A total of 290 isolates were related to only 6 different species. Two or three of these species were also detectable in the SSCP community profiles. Our study indicates that community SSCP profiles can be highly useful for the monitoring of bacterial diversity and community successions in a biotechnologically relevant process.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2004

Identification of distinct Campylobacter lari genogroups by amplified fragment length polymorphism and protein electrophoretic profiles.

Campylobacter lari is a phenotypically and genotypically diverse species that comprises the classical nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters (NARTC) and the biochemical C. lari variants, including the urease-positive campylobacters (UPTC), the nalidixic acid-susceptible campylobacters (NASC), and the urease-producing nalidixic acid-susceptible campylobacters. To study the taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among strains of the C. lari variants, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiling and whole-cell protein profile analysis were performed with 55 C. lari strains. Great genetic heterogeneity in AFLP and protein profiles was observed. Numerical analysis of AFLP profiles and of partial protein profiles allowed discrimination of four distinct genogroups. AFLP cluster I included nearly homogeneous patterns for C. lari NARTC strains (genogroup I). UPTC strains together with non-urease-producing NASC strains produced highly diverse patterns and were placed in genogroup II. The genogroup III strains had the NASC phenotype and produced more homogeneous patterns. Finally, genogroup IV strains had the classical NARTC phenotype and produced AFLP patterns that were very distinct from those of other genogroups. One UPTC strain had aberrant patterns and clustered separately, which may indicate that there is an additional genogroup. Preliminary DNA-DNA hybridization experiments suggested that genogroups I and III represent a single genomic species and that genogroup IV represents a distinct species. The detection of moderate levels of DNA-DNA hybridization between a genogroup II reference strain and genogroup I and III reference strains highlights the need for further DNA-DNA hybridization experiments to clarify the taxonomic status of the former group. No correlation of genogroups with different sources of strains was identified. These data show that UPTC strains are genetically diverse and distinct from NARTC strains. In addition, they indicate that the classical NARTC phenotype encompasses at least two genogroups.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Outer membrane protein profiles of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae.

Outer membrane protein profiles of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cells were disrupted by sonication, and outer membrane-enriched fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation and selective solubilization of the inner membrane with sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate. Colony type, growth medium, time of harvest, and in vitro or in vivo passage had no appreciable effect on the protein profiles of the strains examined. Seven patterns were distinguished among the reference strains of the nine capsular serotypes. These patterns were based on the mobility of the major outer membrane proteins migrating in the 39,000- to 44,000-molecular-weight region of the gel, a 16K to 16.5K protein, and a heat-modifiable 29K protein. Strains of serotypes 1 and 9 had identical outer membrane protein profiles, as did strains of serotypes 2 and 6. The reference strains of the remaining five serotypes each had a distinct pattern. The outer membrane protein profiles of 95 field isolates belonging to serotypes 1, 5, 7, and 9 from swine in the midwestern United States were determined and compared with the reference patterns. The results indicate that the population of H. pleuropneumoniae is clonal, with three predominant clones distinguished by both serotype and outer membrane protein profile responsible for the majority of H. pleuropneumoniae disease occurring in swine in the United States.

Animals↗