Access to technology-assessment data needed.
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Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
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Results for “data accessibility”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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[Signal processing by analog/digital conversion using personal computers. II: Selection of hardware and software].
Hard- and software components offered by different manufacturers are compared with regard to applicability within clinical research projects. The fact that hard- and software have to communicate intensively during A/D conversion is given special attention, and the resulting guidelines for the selection of components are discussed. Accessing converted data from customized evaluation programs, as well as concepts of data transfer to a mainframe are covered in separate sections.
Analog-Digital Conversion↗
Patents and patent office resources in biotechnology.
Patents play an increasingly important role in the dissemination of information in many fast moving fields such as biotechnology and semiconductors. Quite a few new developments are introduced as patents, and only later, if at all, do they find their way into the scientific literature. In spite of this, patents lack wide acceptance as a source of information among scientists in academia and, to a lesser degree, industry. Patents share many similarities with scientific papers. They both are organized in a similar way and are carefully reviewed by experts in the field. Both can be effective and timely sources of information. Patents can be accessed through data bases, library collections, the "Official Gazette of the Patent and Trademark Office," or directly in the Patent and Trademark Office. This article is designed to serve as a guide to the type of information which can be found in patents, and alternatives for obtaining this information.
Biotechnology↗
Who still prefers aggressive surgery for breast cancer? Implications for the clinical applications of clinical trials.
Conservative breast surgery and modified radical mastectomy may, according to recent reports, yield equivalent survival. Analysis of a 1985 Canada-wide study (N = 228) compared surgeons and oncologists still recommending modified radical mastectomy (30%) with those recommending less aggressive surgery (69%) for a hypothetical stage I patient. The groups did not differ significantly in most physician characteristics, estimated survival and cure probabilities, importance of most treatment goals, uncertainty about treatment choice, or most attitudinal responses. Although equally involved with and cognizant of the value of clinical trials, the modified radical group expressed more skepticism about the ability of trial results to be transferred to practice and to take sufficient account of patient uniqueness, indicating greater focus on variation than mean results. Trial results might be more readily adopted if they are reported in accessible data-bases, incorporating patient characteristics potentially relevant to treatment choice. This would allow clinicians to individualize treatment by analyzing patient subsets of their own choosing.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Computer-assisted medical literature searching.
At present any physician with the interest and relatively inexpensive hardware can access large data bases of medical literature citations from home or office. This article describes some data bases of interest to dermatologists and gives examples of search strategies. Computer-assisted medical literature searching is of inestimable value for patient care, research, and teaching.
Aged↗
The need to standardize descriptive cataloging.
Because there are too many ways to describe a book, its presence may not be discovered in a bibliography or catalog. Standardized descriptive cataloging is needed to solve this problem and also to eliminate wasteful duplication of cataloging. The Anglo-American Cataloging Rules and the COSATI Standard disagree on choice of main entry, and the Library of Congress does not follow the AACR all of the time. But the essence of standardized cataloging is widespread availability and general acceptance of the data, regardless of principles followed. Local adaptations in standard cataloging data are necesary, but those which affect all copies of a book, not just unique features of particular copies, must be made available for use by all libraries by correction of the standard cataloging data. The national structure for communicating standard cataloging data today is mainly printed tools, but tomorrow local library terminals on-line to a shared computer data bank may provide the instantaneous access needed. The problem of getting the wider community of library users to standardize their citation practices is more difficult to solve, but hope for improvement lies in making access to standard data easier.
Cataloging↗
P D Q: a telephone accessible computerized referral and Protocol Data Query System.
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Information Systems↗
Observations on health services research and health policy analysis.
The importance of mutual communication between researchers and policy makers cannot be overestimated. Although economists are presumed to have an advantage, more interdisciplinary health services research is needed. The case for government support of research and use of its findings is not based solely on government spending for health care. The interests of the federal programs are not well served by a declining access to data or by ambiguous distinctions between research and policy analysis.
Communication↗
[Chromosomes and fertility. Translocation 13:15 and 13:18 and spontaneous abortion].
Cytogenetic investigations of three married couples, having had spontaneous abortions, was carried out, and an abnormal chromosomal complement was established in one of the spouses. The discovered balanced translocations were of the types: 13:15 (q14::q26) and 13:18 (q34:q11).--The same type of translocations 13:18 (q24:q11) was detected in two other couples. The translocation carriers are brother and sister. This aberration is inherited from one of their parents.--In the examines the balanced translocations were causes of spontaneous abortions and the birth of malformed children. According to the accessible literature data, translocations with above mentioned breaks on chromosomes have not been discovered until now.
Abortion, Habitual↗
Drug information network in the United Kingdom National Health Service.
The drug information network is the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) is described. The NHS was reorganized in 1974 resulting in the creation of 14 regions, which were further divided into areas. Drug information services provided within the regions and coordination between regions have evolved into a decentralized national drug information network. In this network, regional centers provide support to their area centers; difficult questions received by area centers may be referred to the regional center. Additionally, some regional centers have become specialized in particular fields. All regional centers have access to data held by other regional centers. Activity is further coordinated by a literature abstracting service in which each regional center has certain responsibilities; a code of practice for drug information pharmacists; production of specialty bulletins; and standardized education and training. Future plans for expanded services are described.
Drug Information Services↗
Instrumentation problems for physicians.
The physician has, for whatever reasons, diminished his or her level of involvement on the team dedicated to developing, refining, and evaluating medical technology. As a result, the challenge confronting the physician and the technology development team today is to orchestrate a team structure that will ensure the greatest input and commitment from physicians and other professionals during current and future technology development. The charges of cost escalation and dehumanization in our system of health care delivery will also be discussed, as will the lack of, or confusion about, access to data concerning cost of a given instrument, and fuzzy semantics and perspectives on technology and instrumentation. The author suggests answers to, or means to ameliorate, the problems.
Decision Making↗
Computer tool FUNSITE for analysis of eukaryotic regulatory genomic sequences.
We present the computer tool FUNSITE for description and analysis of regulatory sequences of eukaryotic genomes. The tool consists of the following main parts: 1) An integrated database for genomic regulatory sequences. The integrated database was designed on the basis of the databases TRANSFAC (Wingender 1994) and TRRD (Kel et al. 1995) that are currently under development. The following functions are performed: i) linkage to the EMBL database; ii) preparing samples of definite types of functional sites with their flanking sequences; iii) preparing samples of promoter sequences; iv) preparing samples of transcription factors classified with regard to structural and functional features of DNA binding and activating domains, functional families of the factors, their tissue specificity and other functional features; v) access to data on mutual disposition of cis-elements within the regulatory regions. 2) The second component of FUNSITE tool is the set of programs for analysis of the structural organization of regulatory sequences: i) Program for revealing of potential transcription factors binding sites based on their consensi; ii) program for revealing of the potential binding sites using homology search with nucleotide sequences of real binding sites; iii) program for analysis of oligonucleotide context features which are characteristic of flank sequences of the binding sites; iv) program for design of recognition method for the functional sites based on generalized weight matrix; v) program for revealing potential composite elements. The results of analysis of the promoter sequences of eukaryotic genes with the FUNSITE are presented, too.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Frequency, reporting and classification of drug-related deaths].
In order to reach an estimate of drug-related deaths, the Adverse Drug Reaction Committee/the Norwegian Medicines Control Authority obtained access to data from the Department of Internal Medicine in a Norwegian county hospital. The criteria for classifying possible/probable cause of drug-related deaths were assessed. 6.5 deaths per 1,000 hospitalized persons were found to be probably or possibly drug-related. This figure far exceeds the numbers reported in the literature (0.9-4.4 per 1,000 hospitalized). Only two cases were detected by the clinician, one of which was reported to the Adverse Drug Reaction Committee via the spontaneous reporting system. The current criteria for assessing drug-related causes of death appear to be inadequate.
Adult↗
[Application of patient card technology to health care].
The potential benefits of patient card technology in improving management and delivery of health services have been explored. Patient cards can be used for numerous applications and functions: as a means of identification, as a key for an insurance payment system, and as a communication medium. Advanced card technologies allow for the storage of data on the card, creating the possibility of a comprehensive and portable patient record. There are many types of patient cards: paper or plastic cards, microfilm cards, bar-code cards, magnetic-strip cards and integrated circuit smart-cards. Choosing the right card depends on the amount of information to be stored, the degree of security required and the cost of the cards and their supporting infrastructure. Problems with patient cards are related to storage capacity, backup and data consistency, access authorization and ownership and compatibility. We think it is worth evaluating the place of patient card technology in the delivery of health services in Israel.
Delivery of Health Care↗
Lexical methods for managing variation in biomedical terminologies.
Access to biomedical terminologies is hampered by the high degree of variability inherent in natural language terms and in the terminologies themselves. The lexicon, lexical programs, databases, and indexes included with the 1994 release of the UMLS Knowledge Sources are designed to help users manage this variability. We describe these resources and illustrate their flexibility and usefulness in providing enhanced access to data in the UMLS Metathesaurus.
Biology↗
[A UNIX-based electronic data processing system for routine use in a trauma surgery department].
A computer program for a UNIX workstation has been developed to support routine activities in a surgical department. A relational database contains reports on operations, medical letters and further data imported from independent computer subsystems outside the department. Data are accessible at 15 terminals and PCs through a simple and intuitive user interface with a mouse. The patient record is organized in a hypertext fashion and permits direct access to the various types of documents in a consistent manner. The implementation is currently used to manage information on 40,000 patients and has proved valuable in daily routine over a 2-year period.
Computer Systems↗
Should the public have access to the National Practitioner Data Bank?
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Confidentiality↗
On the conduct of homelessness research: lessons from a qualitative study of women diagnosed with chronic mental illness.
This article presents a summary of the author's study of the lived experiences of homeless women diagnosed with chronic mental illness. Strategies found to be effective in the conduct of the study are highlighted. Issues and problems related to population access, sampling, data generation, and difficult situations in the field are discussed with proposed solutions. The resolution of nurse helper/nurse researcher role conflicts is addressed.
Chronic Disease↗