SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “coverage”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Health insurance coverage of Minnesota farm families.

This study of 1,482 farm families assesses the extent and cost of health insurance coverage among Minnesota farm families and finds that these families are buying less insurance coverage than urban families, while paying a higher proportion of their income for these premiums. More than three-fourths of the farm families surveyed buy their health insurance plan themselves and pay for it out of pocket. Their plans, on average, are slightly less expensive than employer-provided plans in urban areas, but they provide much less coverage and have more copayments and deductibles. Unlike their urban counterparts, who often choose health plans for convenience of location or freedom to choose physicians, farmers generally choose plans on the basis of costs and services provided. About 7 percent of farm families are without insurance, and many others are underinsured because they cannot afford to purchase an adequate plan.

Cost Control↗

PubMed1990

[Vaccination coverage of 2-year-old children: a cross-sectional study in the city of Barcelona].

The results of a vaccination coverage cross-sectional survey of two year old children in the city of Barcelona (Spain) are presented. A sample of the cohort born in 1986 was surveyed. Vaccination coverage is 93.16% for measles, 92.02% for mumps, 91.25% for rubella. Up to 91.25% children had received four doses of polio vaccine and 94.67% three doses, while 91.63% had received four doses of DTP vaccine and 95.06% three doses. These results suggest vaccination coverage in Barcelona has improved, but a volume of unvaccinated persons exists which, coupled with vaccine failures may allow the persistence of vaccine-preventable disease which should be eradicated.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Marginal leakage of Class II glass-ionomer-silver restorations, with and without posterior composite coverage: an in vitro study.

The aims of this in vitro investigation were: 1) to assess marginal leakage around three types of class II restorations, using: a) a composite resin with a glass ionomer lining; b) a glass ionomer cerment with composite resin coverage; c) a glass ionomer cermet without composite resin coverage and 2) to study the effect of thermocycling on marginal defects, by means of radiographs and SEM micrographs of the margins. Fifty-eight class II cavities were prepared in extracted primary molars. The teeth were divided into three groups and restored as follows: Group A--Ketac Bond (liner) and P-30; Group B--Ketac Silver and P-30(sandwich); Group C--Ketac Silver only. The restored teeth were thermocycled and marginal leakage was assessed from the degree of dye penetration on the sections. Dye penetration at the occlusal margins increased in the sequence A less than B less than C. The differences between group C and Groups A and B were statistically significant. Severe penetration of the dye was observed at the cervical margins with no statistically differences between the groups. Deterioration of margins due to thermocycling was observed for all groups, but these defects were not evident on the radiographs. Ketac Silver with and without composite coverage did not prevent marginal leakage when utilized in class II restorations in vitro.

Cermet Cements↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Vaccinal coverage at 1 year of age of the generation of children born in February 1987 in District 3 of the city of Bucharest].

The authors checked the vaccine coverage and the situations in which the compulsory vaccines were not administered up to the age of one year in the children born in February 1987 in District III of Bucharest. The results show a vaccine coverage of more than 90% in BCG vaccination (99.4%), antipoliomyelitic with one dose (94.2%) and with two doses of oral polyvaccine (92.2%) respectively, and the first DTP vaccination (95.9%). The values were under 90% in antimeasles vaccination (87.2%) and the second vaccination with 1 DTP (25.5%). The main causes leading to vaccine coverage could have been prevented. Discussion of these results shows that better vaccination values might be obtained by improving the present control on the immunoprophylaxis activity of the paediatric medical units, by intensifying both their control actions and aims.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[New trends in home oxygen therapy (HOT) after the introduction of health insurance coverage in Okinawa and factors contributing to long-term survival].

A total of 179 cases given HOT after introduction of health insurance coverage in 1985 were reported from 12 medical institutes in Okinawa and were compared with 110 cases followed at Okinawa Chubu Hospital during 1976-1985, prior to insurance coverage. The number of patients on HOT have rapidly increased after insurance coverage not only in our institute but also in other institutes in Okinawa and the patients with emphysema formed the largest group. The oxygen enricher is now utilized more than the compressed gas system, accounting for about 70% of all patients compared with the previous figure of 7.3%. Average PaO2 on room air was higher (from 42 Torr to 49 Torr) and the levels of PaO2 maintained by HOT had 2 peaks, one in the 60-65 Torr range and the other in the 75-80 Torr range in patients newly given HOT. The patients with emphysema, who had the worst prognosis in the past, remarkably improved and showed no statistical difference from patients with chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis in terms of long-term survival. The female patients had better prognosis than males, but the reason is still unclear to us. The absolute volume of FEV1.0 and the presence or absence of cor pulmonale have not affected the long-term survival. A group of the patients with CO2 retention (bronchitic in type) did not benefit from HOT in terms of long-term survival unless their PaO2 levels on room air were below 50 Torr and it was felt that PaO2 levels of 50-59 were too mild in severity for application of HOT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Coverage problems of the foot and ankle.

Difficult wound coverage problems about the foot and ankle can occur secondary to trauma, osteomyelitis, foot deformities, tumors, or neuropathies (in particular, diabetes mellitus). Coverage can be difficult because of the special weight-bearing properties of the foot, the lack of intervening muscle between the skeletal elements and the integument, and the limited mobility of the overlying integument. Sorting out the 40 to 50 flap options for the foot and ankle requires a classification that describes the wound, the patient, and the available surgical options. The wound is classified based on size, anatomic location, and the presence or absence of infection. The anatomic location also describes the weight-bearing characteristics of the wound. Associated arterial, nerve and skeletal injuries are noted. A very small wound is less than 2 X 2 cm. A small wound is from 2 X 2 to 4 X 5 cm. A medium wound is from 4 X 5 to 7 X 7 cm. A large wound is from 7 X 7 to 10 X 20 cm, and a very large wound is from 10 X 20 up to 15 X 40 cm. Does the wound involve weight-bearing skin? Patient considerations include age and the presence of systemic or local compromise. Tobacco use, cosmetic concerns, occupation, rehabilitation potential, and amputee prejudices should be ascertained. Flap options can be classified as local transpositional, island pedicle, distant pedicle, and free-tissue transfers. The flaps may or may not incorporate muscle that may be needed for revascularization and dead space management in osteomyelitis. Some flaps are inappropriate because of local artery or nerve injuries. Some flaps will provide sensate coverage, and others can provide reinnervation potential. The potential to create new neuromas, ease of dissection, flap reliability, and cosmesis of the donor site are all important considerations.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Health insurance coverage and physician use among children with disabilities: findings from probability samples in five metropolitan areas.

The effect of insurance coverage on physician use for children in the United States who have been identified as disabled by their schools under the provisions of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) is examined. The research is based on identically drawn stratified random samples of children from the elementary school special education populations of five large metropolitan school systems. It was found that health insurance coverage was a predictor of whether a disabled child had seen a doctor in the past year even after adjustment for site, family background characteristics, type and severity of childhood disability, and structural access factors (adjusted odds ratio, 1.76, P less than .05); Hispanic children with disabilities were more likely than white children to be without any health insurance (adjusted odds ratio, 3.63; P less than .001), but there was no similar statistically significant difference between blacks and whites; and wide variations persist in scope of insurance payment for care, such that parents of publicly insured children paid out of pocket for only 5% of all physician visits as compared to 30% of visits for the privately insured. Even for children with various low-prevalence disabilities, when privately insured, parents paid out of pocket for 23% of all physician visits. These data help clarify the extent of health insurance coverage among children with disabilities and indicate that insurance remains an important predictor of physician use even though it continues to pay for only certain elements of care.

Child↗

PubMed1988

Pew Memorial Trust policy synthesis: 5. State coverage for organ transplantation: a framework for decision making.

Transplantation of hearts and livers for both adults and children is increasingly viewed as therapeutic and lifesaving, but access to these procedures is impeded by their high cost as well as by a limited supply of organs. In the absence of comprehensive federal coverage, pressure is being brought to bear on states to provide broader access to these procedures. This synthesis provides a framework for the consideration of coverage decisions at the state level. While there are no "right" answers about whether a state should support such coverage, the analytic tools of cost analysis, demand estimation, and assessment of capacity described in this synthesis can better inform the decision-making process.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

CT evaluation of coverage and congruency of the hip prior to osteotomy.

A computer-assisted model has been developed to improve the results of surgical techniques for reconstruction of hip dysplasia. This method assesses the coverage and congruency of the femoral head by evaluating multiple factors that may influence surgical planning. It achieves a more reliable image because the measurements are based on a three-dimensional representation, and attention is focused on the cartilaginous coverage of the femoral head. A method to simulate the operative correction helps the surgeon in planning osteotomies of the femur and pelvis. This technique clearly establishes both deficiencies of coverage and congruency of pathologic hips and thus may be used to create a more precise definition and treatment of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Hip↗

PubMed1979

Mass control of ascariasis with single oral doses of levamisole. A controlled comparison in 3,056 subjects between three incomplete population coverages.

Ninety-, 60-, and 40-percent population coverages with levamisole 2.5 mg/kg of body weight were compared for their effects on Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostoma, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichuris trichiura infections. They were shown to be effective in maintaining a reduced prevalence of A. lumbricoides in the treated subjects for 9, 6, and 3 months, respectively. Nine months after treatment, the prevalence of ascariasis was still lower than before treatment both in the levamisole and in the control subjects, regardless of the population coverage. This was probably because the egg output had been reduced. It is concluded that mass treatment with single oral doses of levamisole repeated at 3-month intervals might help control ascariasis, and that population coverages between 60 and 90% might be appropriate. No clear-cut effects against hookworms could be shown, possibly because the first follow-up examinations were performed three months after treatment. No changes in the prevalence of S. stercoralis and T. trichiura could be demonstrated. There were no adverse exp

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1966

Voluntary health insurance coverage in California, 1952 to 1963.

More than seven out of every ten of an estimated civilian population of 17.3 million people in California were covered under some form of voluntary health insurance at the close of 1963. Between 1952 and 1963, the number of Californians covered for hospital expenses increased from 5.7 million to 12.3 million; for surgical expenses from 5.4 million to 11.6 million; and for regular medical expenses from 3.0 million to 10.1 million. THE PERCENTAGE COVERED BY HEALTH INSURANCE ALSO ROSE SIGNIFICANTLY: for hospitalization, from 51.3 to 71.0 per cent; for surgical, from 48.2 to 67.1 per cent; and for regular medical from 27.2 to 57.9 per cent. The rate of increase in hospitalization coverage was slightly higher in California than in the total U.S.; however, the per cent of persons covered remains lower. For surgical coverage, both the rate of increase and the per cent covered are lower in California. For regular medical, growth rates in California and in the U.S. were similar, however the over-all per cent covered is significantly higher in California. Major medical coverage, which has shown the fastest growth rate, covered only 0.4 per cent of the U.S. population in 1952 and 17.1 per cent by the end of 1963. Comparable figures for California are not available.

California↗

PubMed1982

Identifying the reasons for low immunization coverage. A case study of Yaounde (United Republic of Cameroon).

Among the problems encountered today in Expanded Programmes on Immunization (EPI) is the failure to reach an acceptable level of immunization coverage in rapidly growing urban areas. This paper describes a checklist to identify the reasons for such low coverage. The checklist was first used in Yaounde, United Republic of Cameroon. There the low coverage is found to be associated with certain neighborhoods, one ethnic group, low socio-economic status, and newly-arrived families. Publicity about immunizations is not reaching Yaounde residents in those categories. Furthermore, health lessons (given only in French) seem to be confusing the parents rather than educating them. Finally, previous ineffective immunization programmes have made Yaounde residents mistrustful of the current programme. The authors recommend solutions to each of these Yaounde problems. The checklist, and the methods used for answering it in Yaounde, should prove useful to other immunization programmes.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1995

Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage levels among persons aged > or = 65 years--United States, 1973-1993.

Recommendations to provide annual influenza vaccination and one dose of pneumococcal vaccine to all persons aged > or = 65 years (1,2) are intended to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with influenza and pneumococcal disease. One of the national health objectives for the year 2000 is to increase influenza and pneumococcal vaccination levels to > or = 60% for persons at high risk for influenza and pneumococcal disease, including those aged > or = 65 years (objective 20.11) (3). This report summarizes 1) estimates of influenza vaccination coverage levels among persons aged > or = 65 years during 1973-1985 and pneumococcal vaccination coverage levels for 1984-1985 based on data from the United States Immunization Survey (USIS) and 2) influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage levels among persons aged > or = 65 years and for selected population subgroups during 1989-1993 based on data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Coverage of routine neonatal metabolic screening in children born to women known to be infected with HIV-1.

Unlinked anonymous HIV-1 testing of neonatal samples routinely collected for metabolic screening is now carried out in many parts of the United Kingdom. The purpose of this study was to assess the completeness of screening coverage in infants born to women known to be infected with HIV-1. Research nurses at family HIV clinics in three London hospitals searched for Guthrie cards from all infants born to known infected residents of North East, North West, and South West Thames regions over a 32 month period. If no card was found initially, mothers were approached for more information. Overall coverage was estimated to be 96.4% (94.6% in infants of African origin and 100% in white infants). These figures are similar to recent general population coverage estimates in inner London. We conclude that the anonymous newborn HIV testing programme is providing sufficiently accurate information on both absolute levels and time trends in maternal seroprevalence.

Africa↗

PubMed1995

Avoiding missed opportunities for immunization in the Central African Republic: potential impact on vaccination coverage.

Quantified in the study are the extent of missed opportunities for immunization and the potential increases in vaccination coverage and timeliness that could be achieved by using all health centre visits to administer childhood vaccinations in the Central African Republic. The data were collected during a national vaccination coverage survey of 642 children aged 12-23 months from three areas: rural, urban, and the capital, Bangui. Dates of all vaccination visits and other health centre visits were obtained from combined vaccination/health cards. Nationwide, 70% of all opportunities for valid measles vaccination were missed. Of these, 28% occurred at visits when at least one vaccine was given, while 72% occurred at other health centre visits. If there had been no missed opportunities to administer all vaccinations due when at least one vaccine was given, the coverage would have increased from 53% to 67% for the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus series, from 54% to 70% for measles, and from 34% to 59% for all antigens. If there had been no missed opportunities at any visit, the corresponding increases would have been to 70%, 76%, and 65%. For measles, 46% of the potential increase depends on recognizing that an earlier dose of the vaccine was invalid and on revaccinating. Days-at-risk for measles (after the age of 270 days) would have been reduced by a mean of 74 days per subject with a health card had no opportunities been missed. The method used serves as a valuable adjunct to evaluations of missed opportunities based on exit interviews at health facilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Central African Republic↗

PubMed1995

[Evaluation of program coverage of the hepatitis B vaccination in a school population. Navarra 1992-1993].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coverage of the programme of control and coverage of Hepatitis B among children doing their 7th year of EGB (basic) in Navarra. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: School centres in Navarra. PARTICIPANTS: 7th-year EGB students in the 1992-3 school year. INTERVENTION: Vaccination of the susceptible population with three doses of anti-HB vaccine on the 0-1-6 months pattern. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nominal data of children vaccinated were obtained from 171 schools out of a total of 185 (92.43%). For the rest of the centres, it is known only that vaccinations took place within the School Health Programme. The susceptible population was 6,955 children, of whom 97.8% received the first dose, 97% the second and 95.6% the third. The most common cause of non-vaccination in these children was lack of parental authorization, which reached 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS: A School Health programme, which is well-established and closely linked to the Primary Care network, together with a broad diffusion of information about the adolescent Vaccination Programme were key to its widespread introduction and the excellent coverage attained.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months--United States, April-June 1994.

A national health objective for the year 2000 is to increase to at least 90% the proportion of children aged 2 years who have received the complete series of routinely recommended childhood vaccinations (objective 20.11) (1). To assist in achieving the year 2000 objective, the Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII) was begun to increase vaccination coverage levels among preschool-aged children and to reduce or eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States by 1996 (2). Vaccination coverage goals were established for each routinely recommended vaccination. In addition, interim goals for 1994 and 1995* were established to assist in monitoring progress toward CII's 1996 goals. This report presents national estimates of vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months derived from provisional data from CDC's National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the second quarter of 1994 (April-June; the most recent period for which data were available), compares these data with the previous three quarters, and summarizes progress toward the CII's interim goals for 1994.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1994

Immunization coverage of infants--rural-urban difference in Kerala.

A study on the Immunization Coverage relating to the six vaccine preventable diseases was carried out in an urban, semi urban and rural area in Kerala and the results from the three areas were compared and discussed. The percentage of fully immunized children was similar in all the three areas and it was quite high. Coverage of measles vaccine was high in the Health Unit, Pangappara where health education activities were carried out by the interns. The awareness about vaccine preventable diseases was more in the urban and semiurban areas. The drop out rate for DPT and OPV was also less in urban and semiurban than in the rural areas. More than 50% of the households in urban, semiurban and rural areas were unaware of the diseases prevented by DPT vaccine. Intense Health Education Campaign can definitely improve the immunization coverage further in a state which has already attained total literacy.

Health Surveys↗