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PubMed1984

[Effect of an antidiuretic hormone on the aldosterone level in the blood plasma of rats with chronic water load and limited sodium intake].

The concentration of aldosterone in blood plasma of rats with chronic water and restricted sodium chloride intake substantially rose after subcutaneous injection of the antidiuretic hormone pituitrin in physiological doses. No simultaneous increase in blood corticosterone was seen. The production of hormones by rat adrenals remained unchanged. The results of experiments made with ACTH alone or combined with pituitrin permitted the conclusion that the increase in aldosterone concentration was not linked with a possible stimulation of endogenous ACTH secretion. The augmentation of aldosterone concentration in the peripheral blood of rats with chronic water intake induced by pituitrin is likely to be due to a decrease in metabolic clearance of the hormone.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lethal and mutagenic activity of tritiated water and incorporated [3H-methyl]-thymidine on extracellular phage lambda].

A study was made of lethal and mutagenic effects on extracellular phage lambda of beta-particles from tritiated water and of [3H-methyl]-thymidine incorporated into DNA. It was shown that the mean lethal dose D10 and the yield of c-mutations per unit of the dose absorbed during external beta-irradiation in 3H2O or during the decay of incorporated [3H-methyl]-thymidine were equivalent to those obtained during 60Co-gamma-irradiation in 4% nutrient broth or at a dried state respectively.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1983

Effects of l- and d-timolol on cyclic AMP synthesis and intraocular pressure in water-loaded, albino and pigmented rabbits.

Topical 2% l- or d-timolol reduced the elevation of intraocular pressure induced by water-loading in conscious rabbits. This drug effect appeared on the peak elevation (in pigmented eyes) and on the down-phase (in albino and pigmented eyes) of elevated intraocular pressure. The contralateral eye and the treated eye responded similarly. In urethane anesthetized, water-loaded rabbits, a greater inhibitory effect of l-timolol was observed in pigmented eyes than in albino eyes. Two per cent l-timolol caused alterations of heart rate and arterial blood pressure in water-loaded anesthetized rabbits, but time courses of these alterations did not correlate with the inhibitory effect on the elevation of intraocular pressure. The beta-adrenergic antagonistic activity of l-timolol and d-timolol were compared by their ability to inhibit l-isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis in the rabbit iris-ciliary body preparation in vitro. The I50S for l- and d-timolol differ by about 1.5 log units. In our studies, d-timolol has little of the intraocular pressure lowering and the beta-adrenergic antagonistic activity of l-timolol. Thus, the conscious, water-loaded, pigmented rabbit can be used as a model for studying the effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists on intraocular pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Hyponatremia and hypoglycemia after treatment with chlorpropamide. Case histories with review of the literature on 18 cases of chlorpropamide induced hyponatremia].

A case of chlorpropamide-induced, symptomatic hyponatremia in a diabetic patient is reported. The hyponatremia was associated with loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms caused reduced food intake which provoked severe hypoglycemia with disturbed consciousness. The hyponatremia developed when the chlorpropamide doses were increased from 400 to 600 mg/day. Withdrawal of chlorpropamide was followed by remission of hyponatremia. Chlorpropamide-induced hyponatremia is a rare complication and is due to an antidiuretic effect of chlorpropamide caused by increased secretion of adiuretin and potentiation of the effect of chlorpropamide caused by increased secretion of adiuretin and potentiation of the effect of adiuretin in the tubuli of the kidney. This case report and the analysis of 18 published cases in the literature show the following characteristics for chlorpropamide-induced hyponatremia: (1) Hyponatremia is a rare complication in the treatment of diabetics with chlorpropamide. The patients typically are female and over sixty. The dosage of chlorpropamide usually was 500 mg daily or even more. (2) Hyponatremia is often unrecognized for a long time because the symptoms are not specific. The characteristic symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusional state and, rarely, convulsions and coma. Recovery occurs spontaneously after withdrawal of the drug. (3) The incidence of this type of hyponatremia is increased in cases of preexisting tendency to water retention such as heart failure and renal failure, and in cases of diuretic therapy. In the light of these findings, the authors believe that chlorpropamide is no longer a drug of choice in the treatment of diabetic women, especially in cases of preexisting tendency to water retention and in diuretic therapy. In such cases, a sulfonylurea without antidiuretic effect is to be preferred.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Somatic findings in patients with psychogenic polydipsia.

An epidemiologic investigation found a 17.5% prevalence of psychogenic polydipsia in 241 hospitalized psychiatric patients. A randomly selected sample of 10 polydipsic patients revealed such associated disorders as sporadic convulsive seizures, comatose states, hydronephrosis, enuresis/urinary incontinence, projectile type vomiting, malnutrition and, in one case, cardiomegaly and edema. Psychogenic polydipsia is a frequently overlooked disorder, and the somatic consequences of the excessive fluid intake are usually ascribed to other causes.

Drinking↗
PubMed1981

[Hyponatremia].

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Aged↗