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Results for “Urban Spatial Distribution”

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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The distribution of population and employment in a polycentric city: the case of Los Angeles.

"The distribution of population and employment in metropolitan Los Angeles in 1970 and 1980 is examined in this paper. Population continued to disperse in the 1970s, whereas the geographical distribution of employment combined job clustering around a few major employment centers with a high degree of general job dispersion. In Los Angeles polycentrism has been associated with shorter work trips, particularly intracounty trips in the more peripheral counties." Population data are for 2,403 comparable census tracts for 1970 and 1980; data concerning geographical employment distribution are from the 1980 census.

Americas↗
PubMed1982

The changing distribution of Cypriots in London.

"This paper analyses the residential behaviour of Cypriots in Greater London over the last 30 years. First, patterns of settlement and movement at a borough level are described and some explanations offered for the changes observed. Second, the authors look in more detail at the actual process of residential relocation with the aid of the results of a questionnaire survey [of] Greek Cypriots in the borough of Haringey." (summary in FRE)

Asia↗
PubMed1986

Bangladeshis in London: a challenge to welfare.

"Immigrants of Bangladeshi origin living in Britain are a relatively small part of the population from the New Commonwealth. They are, however, highly distinctive, particularly in their degree of residential concentration within parts of inner London. The paper has two aims: first, using 1981 census data, to plot immigrant distribution within a national and London-wide context; second, to explore some of the implications of this concentration for the provision of welfare services, particularly health, within one of the city's most deprived boroughs." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Asia↗
PubMed1991

Land use and demographic change: results from fast-growth counties.

The authors analyze and compare two data sets on land-use change in U.S. counties with rapidly growing populations for the period from 1960 to the early 1980s. The results show that "the net effect of changing household numbers, household characteristics, and economic constraints on demand for land is likely to mean less conversion of land for urban uses in the future. Our studies showed that marginal urban land consumption remained nearly constant between 1960 and the early 1980s."

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[To be as they are].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1983

Scandinavia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

The effects of water supply and sanitation on childhood mortality in urban Eritrea.

Child mortality differentials according to water supply and sanitation in many urban areas of developing countries suggest that access to piped water and toilet facilities can improve the survival chances of children. The central question in this study is whether access to piped water and a flush toilet affects the survival chance of children under five in urban areas of Eritrea. The study uses data collected by the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) project in Eritrea in 1995. The results show that while the unadjusted effect of household environment (water supply and toilet facility) is large and statistically significant during the post-neonatal and child periods, it is relatively small and statistically insignificant during the neonatal period. The effect of household environment remains substantial during the post-neonatal and child periods, even when other socioeconomic variables are held constant. However, the household environment effect totally disappears during the neonatal period when the socioeconomic factors are controlled for.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

A prospective study of persistent diarrhea among children in an urban Brazilian slum. Patterns of occurrence and etiologic agents.

Persistent diarrhea is a major health problem among children in developing areas of the world. Since few community-based studies have addressed the epidemiology or etiology of this condition, we undertook prospective diarrheal surveillance among a cohort of 175 children less than 5 years of age over a 28-month period in an urban slum in northeastern Brazil. Very high diarrhea illness burdens were found. The children in this cohort had an average of 11 episodes per year and spent 82 days per year with diarrhea. A total of 65% of children had at least one episode of persistent diarrhea (greater than or equal to 14 days duration). These episodes accounted for 50% of all days of diarrhea and 11% of all episodes. The occurrence of at least one episode of persistent diarrhea identified all children who spent at least 15% percent of days with diarrhea. Among children with and without diarrhea, rotavirus was the agent isolated most frequently, followed by Giardia lamblia and enterotoxigenic coliforms. The agents isolated from children with acute and persistent diarrhea were similar, which suggests that other factors must be operative in the development of persistent diarrhea.

Brazil↗
PubMed1997

Nutritional and lung function profile of boys belonging to east Delhi.

Nutritional and pulmonary profile of 50 boys (age group 12-15 years) belonging to slums of East Delhi were studied. Various anthropometric parameters (height, weight, total body fat) and pulmonary parameters (FVC, FEV1 and PEFR) were recorded and compared with control group of same age studying in public school of East Delhi. Regression analysis was carried out to see the correlation between body surface area (BSA) with lung functions. The lung functions were found to be compromised in boys inhabitating the slums and a positive correlation between BSA and lung functions indicates that multitude of factors like environmental pollution, nutritional status, etc, do contribute towards pulmonary morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on some diarrhoea related practices in urban Mirzapur.

In an operational research on the improvement of sanitation and water supply by an Indo-Dutch project at Mirzapur, UP, diarrhoeal morbidity was taken as an intermediate outcome variable for measuring the impact of the proposed intervention. In this study 350-410 under-five children were selected from 200 urban families of 3 slums and surveyed during 3 different seasons for 2 weekly recall of morbidity, treatment and feeding practices during diarrhoea. The prevalence of diarrhoea varied between 8.7% to 33%. Breast feeding was not restricted while other forms of feeding was continued in 57.1% to 66.3% of cases. Use of ORT increased significantly from 0% to 39.62% possibly as a result of health education. Reorientation of private practitioners to avoid use of unnecessary drug is suggested.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of breast milk in protecting urban Peruvian children against cryptosporidiosis.

To test the hypothesis that breast milk of nursing mothers may afford children protection against cryptosporidiosis, a prospective cohort study was carried out in the young peoples' community of San Juan de Miraflores near Lima, Peru. Mothers and newborn children were sorted into cohort groups based on the mothers' breast milk antibody response to Cryptosporidium sporozoites using an antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect parasite-specific immunoglobulin A. Children were monitored for Cryptosporidium infection using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of 211 mothers enrolled in the study, 39 (18.5%) had high breast milk antibody titers, 107 (50.7%) had medium titers, and 65 (30.8%) had low titers. Sixty-one episodes of Cryptosporidium infection were detected in 50 children of these mothers. Eleven (22%) had mothers in the high antibody titer group, 20 (40%) had mothers in the medium titer group, and 19 (38%) had mothers in the low titer group. The prevalence of infection within children of each group was 0.17, 0.19 and 0.38 respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence or duration of infection among children of the different groups. The data does not support the notion that there is protection from Cryptosporidium infection afforded children whose mothers have demonstrable breast milk antibodies against the parasite.

Adult↗