Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tooth Socket”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Eleven myths of dentoalveolar surgery.

Through the years, dentists who perform dentoalveolar surgery have perpetuated many myths and other unproven beliefs from one generation to another. Sometimes, these beliefs originated in older textbooks, while others were given birth by mentors sharing anecdotal experiences with their students. Even today, many of these scientifically unsupported statements are perpetuated in surgical textbooks and in continuing education forums and are passed on to students in dental schools. In today's evolving environment of evidence-based medicine and dentistry, these anecdotal observations do not withstand scrutiny. The purpose of this article is to review the more common surgical myths and to test their validity against scientific evidence.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1993

Measurement of the interface between bone and immediate endosseous implants: a pilot study in dogs.

This study developed methodology to evaluate the healing of 15 IMZ implants placed in the sockets of freshly extracted mandibular premolars in three adult mongrel dogs. Six surgical sites were prepared in each animal and one site was left as a control. Porous hydroxyapatite was placed around the top half of two implants in each animal; one implant was also covered with polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. All implants were covered with a mucoperiosteal flap and sutured closed. Upon animal sacrifice, the mandibles were retrieved for block dissection and the blocks were embedded in plastic. Serial longitudinal wafers were ground to 50 to 100 microns and stained. Standard photomicrographs were taken so that tracings of the implant-bone interface could be measured on a sonic digitizer. The mean percent amount of bone to plasma-sprayed portion of the implant on the longitudinal sections was 47.9% +/- 5.2% with a range of 17.4% to 84.7%. The horizontal sections were measured at 53.5% +/- 3.7% with a range of 0.0% to 100%. This pilot study suggests that IMZ implants placed in fresh extraction sockets can achieve a degree of intimate contact with bone; however, wide variation in the implant-to-bone interface was found even in the same specimen.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

Immediate placement of dental implants into extraction sockets: surgically-related difficulties.

Osseointegrated dental implants have proven predictably successful when appropriate guidelines are followed. The Branemark Technique includes a period of up to 12 months for post-extraction bone healing. This delay, combined with the inevitable ridge resorption following extraction may contribute to several problems. The two common difficulties are: insufficient available bone for ideal implant placement and, prolonged treatment time. Recently several investigators have reported on the immediate placement of osseointegrated dental implants into extraction sockets. This technique was developed in order to eliminate or minimize the problems associated with delayed implant placement. Readers are referred to: Oral Health, pg. 19, July 1992, which discusses the technique and advantages of immediate placement of dental implants into extraction sockets. This paper discusses some of the difficulties associated with immediate implant placement. Several types of complications that may occur are summarized in Table I and expanded in the text of the article.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

A comparative study of the effectiveness of e-PTFE membranes with and without early exposure during the healing period.

This study compared clinical, microbiologic, and morphostructural aspects of the healing process in clinical cases treated with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes placed in fresh extraction sockets, which did or did not show early membrane exposure. The examination was focused particularly on morphology of the microbic population and its ability to penetrate membrane pores. Results of the study suggest that use of the membranes is effective in the treatment of fresh extraction sockets with osseointegrated implants; that the membranes are highly biocompatible with gingival tissues; and that early exposure of the membranes during healing hinders the effectiveness of guided tissue regeneration in periimplant tissues.

Bone Regeneration↗
PubMed1985

Endosseus titanium implants in extraction sockets. An experimental study in monkeys.

In a series of monkeys, titanium implants (Xenodent) were installed in the sockets of mandibular incisors. The animals were sacrificed 7 and 12 weeks after the implantations. The healing was studied by histological and microradiographical techniques. A gradual osseointegration free from adverse interference could be noticed.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1990

Paleoepidemiology of a central California prehistoric population from CA-Ala-329: dental disease.

Ala-329 is a prehistoric central California site located on the southeastern margin of San Francisco Bay, dating from approximately 500 AD up to pre-European contact. A large earth mound, Ala-329, has yielded many well preserved burials, approximately 300 of which are included in this study. The most common pathological lesions seen in this population are in the dentition. Advanced attrition is pervasive, affecting all individuals with teeth in occlusion for 2 years or more. Deciduous teeth are involved even in very young children and often show severe wear before replacement. In the permanent dentition, all elements are involved by the second decade; in the oldest age category (41+ years), all individuals show severe wear throughout their dentitions. In fact, by the end of the third decade, the majority of individuals have no enamel remaining. Mild periodontal involvement is found in 74% of adults, socket resorption in 53%, and abscesses in 31% of the relevant sample. Interestingly, although dental abscesses are found more than twice as often among males, socket resorption is seen more often among females. Dental caries are seen in only 10 individuals. The high incidence of periodontal remodeling, socket resorption, and dental abscesses is probably a secondary result of severe dental attrition. It is hypothesized that a large quantity of abrasives in the diet is responsible for the extreme degree of attrition, in fact, among the most severe for any population yet described.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Innervation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp in the rat incisor: an immunohistochemical investigation of neurofilament protein and glia-specific S-100 protein.

Nervous elements in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of rat incisors were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The periodontal ligament in the incisors was densely innervated by NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers; the distribution of the nerve fibers and their terminations differed markedly from those in molars. NFP-positive, thick nerve bundles entered the lingual periodontal ligament through slits located in the mid-region of the alveolar socket, and immediately formed numerous Ruffini-like corpuscles. In the labial periodontal ligament, all of the NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers terminated in free endings. The restricted location of the stretch receptor, Ruffini-like corpuscle, in the lingual periodontal ligament appears to be an essential element, because this region is regularly extended during mastication. The nervous elements were restricted to the alveolar half of the periodontal ligament in every region; they avoided the dental half of the periodontal ligament, which presumably moves continuously with the tooth. Pulpal nerve fibers in incisors also showed a characteristic distribution different from those in molars; individual nerve fibers with beaded structures ran in the center of the pulp toward the incisal edge, and did not form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow. Immunostaining for S-100 protein revealed a distribution pattern of nervous elements similar to that for NFP, suggesting that the nerves supplying the periodontal ligament and dental pulp were mostly covered by a Schwann sheath.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Minor complications after mandibular third molar surgery: type, incidence, and possible prevention.

PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to ascertain the incidence of minor complications after mandibular third molar surgery and to predict the risk of skin ecchymosis or mucosa petechiae related to the usage of an absorbable gelatin sponge. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and four patients subjected to surgical extraction of horizontally impacted lower third molars were selected and investigated by means of questionnaires and clinical examinations. The independent sample t test was used for numeric variables. The chi-square test was used for logistic variables to determine the association between variables, and thereafter stepwise logistical regression was used. RESULTS: The older group (> or = 30 years old), with deeply impacted teeth, and long operation times (> or = 10 minutes) were shown to have significantly higher swelling than the other groups (P < .05). The patients who had deeply impacted teeth or long operation times were shown to have significantly higher VAS scores compared to short operation times (P < .05). The use of an absorbable gelatin sponge in the extraction socket significantly decreased postoperative swelling, mucosal petechiae, and skin ecchymosis (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The clinical variables related to postoperative bleeding disorder, pain, and trismus were identified. The insertion of an absorbable gelatin sponge into the extraction socket was found to be a very useful method to prevent postoperative bleeding problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of salivary gland hypofunction on the healing of extraction wounds: a histomorphometric study in rats.

The effect of salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) on oral wound healing is not well established. The present study evaluates the healing of extraction wounds in a SGH rat model. Experimental rats underwent removal of the submandibular and sublingual glands and ligation of the parotid ducts. Maxillary left first molars were extracted and healing was determined at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after extraction. Salivary gland hypofunction caused a significant delay in socket healing. The inflammatory process was more intense and of longer duration. The formation of fibrous connective tissue and bone was relatively slow among the experimental rats. The results suggest that SGH patients undergoing oral surgery may have prolonged wound healing.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1995

Replacement of maxillary and mandibular molars with single endosseous implant restorations: a retrospective study.

This retrospective report presents findings on 22 patients with 24 implants replacing single molars with implant-supported restorations. Patients with known bruxism habits were not considered for single-molar implant replacement. The patients underwent follow-up for an average of 24 months. The cumulative success rate was 95%, which reflects the loss of one 5 x 6 mm wide implant. Eleven implants were placed in edentulous ridges, and 13 were placed in extraction sockets. Most of the implants were placed in type B and C bone quantity and type 2 and 3 bone quality. All implants were restored on abutments with nonrotating gold cylinders. The occlusion for all restorations was developed to minimize centric contacts and lateral interferences. The frequency of gold retaining-screw loosening was obtained for 21 patients. The gold retaining screws loosened in eight implants between one and three times (38%). No incidence of crown or implant fracture occurred. Within the limits of this study, replacement of single-tooth molars by implant-supported restorations was predictable; however, a high incidence of gold screw loosening was seen.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Extraction wound healing in desalivated rats.

Wound licking has been shown to promote extraoral wound healing among animals. Although the oral mucosa is bathed in saliva. Little information about the role of saliva in oral wound healing is found. The present study evaluates the healing of extraction wounds in desalivated rats. Experimental rats underwent sialadenectomy of the submandibular and sublingual glands and ligation of the parotid ducts. Maxillary left first molars were extracted. Rats were killed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after surgery and maxillae were prepared for light microscopy examination. Generally, a delay in socket healing in the desalivated rats was found. No differences were observed in blood clot formation. Replacement of the clot by granulation tissue was relatively slow concomitant with a longer inflammatory process. Bone formation kinetics were slower among the experimental rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evidence that the response to applied forces of continuously erupting rat incisors contains more than one component.

Forces (2.5-15 mN) applied in a direction that opposed the eruption of rat maxillary incisors made these teeth sink into their sockets at a decreasing rate. Sometimes eruption subsequently restarted from this intruded position while the force was still applied. After the forces were removed, all the incisors extruded, rapidly at first than showing to normal rates of eruption. Forces (2.5-20 mN) applied in a direction that aided the eruption made the teeth rise in their sockets, initially rapidly, then slowing to a steady rate. After the forces were removed, the incisors sank back into their sockets at a decreasing rate. These responses could be separated into two components; rapid movements occurring immediately after applying or removing the forces and slower movements occurring at rates that were maintained as long as the force was applied, which could be regarded as eruption.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of surgical drain together with a secondary closure technique on postoperative trismus, swelling and pain after mandibular third molar surgery.

This investigation compared the results of 2 types of wound closure after mandibular third molar removal. In both the test group and the control group, the molars were removed using a mucoperiosteal flap as described by Szmyd; a wedge of tissue distal to the second molar was removed before closure to secure self-irrigation of the empty socket. The test group received a gauze drain partially submerged into the socket to secure more drainage and to prevent primary wound healing. Examinations were performed 2 days and 7 days after surgery, and pain, swelling, trismus and wound condition were recorded. Analyses of variance indicated that there was no significant difference between the 2 types of wound closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of diphosphonate on the prevention of X-radiation-induced inhibition of bone formation in rats.

A histologic and histometric study of the effect of EHDP (ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate) on the alveolar wound healing of irradiated animals is presented. This drug was selected based on its osteosclerotic effect when applied at low doses. The three left mandibular molars of 80 male Wistar rats were extracted. The rats were grouped into 4 sets of 20 rats each. Group I received no further treatment; Group II received daily intraperitoneal injections of EHDP (7.5 mg/Kg of body weight during 10 days); Group III: 15 Gy of X-radiation were applied to the head; and Group IV were irradiated and injected with EHDP as were animals of Groups III and II. Half of the animals were killed after 14 days and the other half 30 days post-extraction. Sections were made at the level of the mesial socket of the first molar in a bucco-lingual orientation, on which histometric determinations of bone activity were made. The results showed the attenuation of the inhibitory effect of radiation on bone formation when the animals were treated with EHDP.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Tricalcium phosphate ceramic as immediate root implants for the maintenance of alveolar bone in partially edentulous mandibular jaws. A clinical study.

This study was undertaken to probe the efficacy of tricalcium phosphate ceramic (TCP) as an immediate root implant in the maintenance of alveolar bone. Three patients had five TCP root implants placed in fresh extraction sockets with soft tissue closure. The control and implant areas were evaluated at the 20th and 78th week on the basis of radiographic and clinical measurements. Tricalcium phosphate ceramic root implants in extraction sockets produced a significant increase in height and width of alveolar bone compared with control sites. It is believed that this method is a more effective and efficient procedure to preserve alveolar bone for the retention of dentures than other methods.

Bone Regeneration↗
PubMed1984

Alveolar ridge maintenance with solid nonporous hydroxylapatite root implants.

Animal studies were carried out to determine a simple technique of implantation of nonresorbable polycrystalline hydroxylapatite solid root forms and the biocompatibility of the material placed in fresh extraction sockets. An appropriately shaped root form was evaluated, and alveolar bone preservation was investigated in dogs and primates. It was found that bone and soft tissue would migrate across the HA root implant when placed 2 to 3 mm below the alveolar bone crest without soft-tissue closure. It was not necessary to use roots that fit the socket from the apex to the alveolar crest. An average of 2 mm more alveolar bone was preserved in fresh extraction sites as compared to control sites. The results of the animal studies indicated the appropriateness of a clinical trial in human beings.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1987

Effect of surgical sympathectomy on bone remodeling at rat incisor and molar root sockets.

Sympathectomy was carried out in 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral surgical removal of the superior cervical ganglion. Sham-treated rats served as controls. All rats were injected with tetracycline hydrochloride at surgery as well as 36 hr prior to sacrifice. Rats were killed at 7, 14, or 21 days following sympathectomy. Mandibular periosteal and endosteal surfaces were analyzed by fluorochrome morphometry. Osteoclasts were identified by acid phosphatase staining, and incisor and molar root sockets were analyzed morphometrically. Following sympathectomy, periosteal and endosteal apposition as well as the rate of mineralization were significantly lower. At the same time, a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts per socket as well as in active and inactive bone resorption surfaces was also seen. All parameters, however, returned to normal values 2-3 weeks after sympathectomy. The data provide the first direct quantitative evidence that sympathetic neurons modulate bone resorption and bone remodeling in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Azithromycin as prophylaxis for the prevention of postoperative infection in impacted mandibular third-molar surgery.

Rotational use of antimicrobials is one of the strategies that have been suggested to reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria. Cycling of homogeneous antimicrobial exposure is, however, unlikely to control the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Penicillins and cephalosporins have been extensively used for therapeutic and prophylactic management of oral infection. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical effects of azithromycin as prophylaxis on the prevention of postoperative infection in impacted mandibular third-molar surgery. The study design was a retrospective, single-center review. One (2.2%) of all 45 patients exhibited dry socket infection. In several categories, there was significant effectiveness of azithromycin in comparison with other antimicrobials, although there was no significant difference in the occurrence rate of dry socket infection. Azithromycin might be of value for prophylactic use in impacted mandibular third-molar surgery in which penicillins and cephalosporins were mainly used. Therefore, it might be available for one of the rotational agents.

Adolescent↗