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This paper presents an integrated system for interactive 2D/3D image processing, registration and display. The main image processing algorithm in the system is image filtering, enhancement, adaptive B-snake model, image registration, pseudo color representation and 3D volume rendering. The system provides good visulization interface and image tool.
A proposal for an integrated system of analysis of complex health problems in ecological hazard areas in comparison with reference least polluted area is presented. The proposed procedure can be used in identifying priorities in health promotion.
To explore potential virulence factors in the dematiaceous (melanized) fungus Wangiella dermatitidis, we established a gene expression system with properties of homologous transformation and color identification. Using a polyketide synthase gene (WdPKS1) fragment for targeting, we found that 52% of transformants became albinos easily distinguishable from nonspecific transformants. Southern analysis confirmed that the integrations were at the WdPKS1 locus, which however did not affect transformant growth. With a heterologous promoter, P-glaA, enhanced expression of lacZ was found at 37 degrees C. Our results indicated that this system allows the efficient production of isogenic strains for gene function analysis in W. dermatitidis.
An integrated hospital information system benefits not only the pharmacy but also each department within a hospital, including the physician and patient. The Composite Health Care System (CHCS) is a fully integrated healthcare information system that has been developed for the Department of Defense's medical treatment facilities. CHCS provides modules for Patient Administration, Patient Appointment Scheduling, Radiology, Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Physician/Nursing Order Entry and Results Retrieval, which serve to integrate inpatient wards, clinical services, administrative departments, and remote outpatient clinics. CHCS provides an integrated patient profile to care givers throughout the medical facility, improving the quality of their clinical decisions. The integrated hospital information system also helps to coordinate the delivery of patient care and automates many interdepartmental transactions, which allows for more efficient use of resources and increases the turnaround time for delivery of services. This article focuses on the system's pharmacy component to demonstrate the benefits realized with an integrated hospital information system.
Delivery of health care services under financial risk requires clinical decision support to ensure good and improving quality at efficient costs. This article reports our first five years of experience in developing clinical decision support methods at the University of Pennsylvania and Care Management Science Corporation.
The system requirements for an integrated telecare system are presented by using a modification of the CORE methodology. The resulting system model uses viewpoint analysis to establish the needs and requirements of both the client and the care providers within a system context and discusses the implications for a user-centered, technology-based solution referred to as "CarerNet." The implementation of CarerNet is considered in terms of the enabling technologies required within the local environment of the client and identifies the monitoring, networking requirements, and system intelligence necessary to the provision of a comprehensive telecare service. A hypothetical case study based on patient aftercare following discharge from the hospital is presented to illustrate the points discussed.
A continuous flow micro total analysis system (micro-TAS) consisting of an on-chip microfluidic device connected to a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization [MALDI] time-of-flight [TOF] mass spectrometer (MS) as an analytical screening system is presented. Reaction microchannels and inlet/outlet reservoirs were fabricated by powderblasting on glass wafers that were then bonded to silicon substrates. The novel lab-on-a-chip was realized by integrating the microdevice with a MALDI-TOFMS standard sample plate used as carrier to get the microfluidic device in the MALDI instrument. A novel pressure-driven pumping mechanism using the vacuum of the instrument as a driving force induces flow in the reaction microchannel in a self-activating way. Organic syntheses as well as biochemical reactions are carried out entirely inside the MALDI-MS ionization vacuum chamber and analyzed on-line by MALDI-TOFMS in real time. The effectiveness of the micro-TAS system has been successfully demonstrated with several examples of (bio)chemical reactions.
This DataWatch evaluates four-stage models of market evolution developed initially by the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC). Such models suggest that increasing health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration is linked with increases in hospital consolidation and vertical integration between physicians and hospitals. These claims are tested using national data for 1992-1995. Results suggest that such models accurately classify the markets of UHC member hospitals according to their levels of HMO penetration only. Moreover, they do not discern evolutionary stages of market development and may not be generalizable to the markets of non-UHC member hospitals. Researchers and policymakers should exercise caution in applying such models.
Excision of Tn1545 and related conjugative transposons of Gram-positive bacteria occurs by reciprocal site-specific recombination between non-homologous regions of the transposon-target junctions. Excisive recombination requires two transposon-encoded proteins designated Xis-Tn and Int-Tn. We have shown that, following excision, Tn1545 is a circular structure with ends separated by either of the two hexanucleotides that were present at the transposon-target junctions. Using a trans-complementation assay, we have demonstrated that Int-Tn is able to catalyse in vivo integration of a circular intermediate of Tn1545 defective for integration and excision. comparison of integration sites suggests that limited sequence homology at the vicinity of the recombining sites is required for integration of the element. These data support the hypothesis that the integration/excision systems of conjugative transposons from Gram-positive cocci and of lambdoid phages from Gram-negative bacilli have evolved from a common ancestor.
OBJECTIVE: To define the lower confidence limit of the system reliability of the space metabolism simulation device by using the test data of the comprising units in their development phases. METHOD: A new method for defining the environmental conversion factors of failure times has been given basing on the AMSAA model, and the MTBF point evaluated values and lower confidence limits of the units were defined, at last, the lower confidence limit of the system reliability was obtained using L-M method. RESULT: The lower confidence limit of the system reliability under confidence level of 0.8 is 0.9281, which is consistent with the result obtained by the classic system reliability evaluation method. CONCLUSION: Integrated system reliability evaluation using the proposed method can well satisfy the need in engineering.
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The three links theory applied in trauma emergency care system refers to an integrated system with the three important components of trauma emergency care system, viz. prehospital trauma services, hospital trauma services and critical care services. The development of the trauma emergency care system should be guided by the three links theory so as to set up a practical and highly efficient system: a prompt operating and monitoring transportation system, a smooth and real-time information system, a rational and sustainable system of regulations and contingency plans, and a system for cultivating all-round trauma physicians.
Single molecule approaches offer the promise of large, exquisitely miniature ensembles for the generation of equally large data sets. Although microfluidic devices have previously been designed to manipulate single DNA molecules, many of the functionalities they embody are not applicable to very large DNA molecules, normally extracted from cells. Importantly, such microfluidic devices must work within an integrated system to enable high-throughput biological or biochemical analysis-a key measure of any device aimed at the chemical/biological interface and required if large data sets are to be created for subsequent analysis. The challenge here was to design an integrated microfluidic device to control the deposition or elongation of large DNA molecules (up to millimeters in length), which would serve as a general platform for biological/biochemical analysis to function within an integrated system that included massively parallel data collection and analysis. The approach we took was to use replica molding to construct silastic devices to consistently deposit oriented, elongated DNA molecules onto charged surfaces, creating massive single molecule arrays, which we analyzed for both physical and biochemical insights within an integrated environment that created large data sets. The overall efficacy of this approach was demonstrated by the restriction enzyme mapping and identification of single human genomic DNA molecules.
The Groundwater Protection Project at the US Department of Energy Hanford Site in Washington State is currently developing the means to assess the cumulative impact to human and ecological health and the regional economy and cultures from radioactive and chemical waste that will remain at the Hanford Site after the site closes. This integrated system is known as the System Assessment Capability (SAC). The SAC Risk/Impact Module discussed in the article uses media- and time-specific concentrations of contaminants estimated by the transport models of the integrated system to project potential impacts on the ecology of the Columbia River corridor, the health of persons who might live in or use the corridor or the upland Hanford environment, the local economy, and cultural resources. Preliminary Monte Carlo realizations from the SAC modeling system demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale uncertainty analysis of the complex relationships in the environmental transport of contaminants on the one hand and ecological, human, cultural, and economic risk on the other. Initial impact results show very small long-term risks for the 10 radionuclides and chemicals evaluated. The analysis also helps determine science priorities to reduce uncertainty and suggests what actions matter to reduce risks.
Many hospital managers are currently looking at implementing hospital information systems (HIS) for the first time, or planning replacement of their first HIS. This article is intended as a resume of 'best practice' in terms of how to approach the selection and implementation of an integrated HIS--a "Do's and Don'ts Guide" for hospital managers. Emphasis is placed on the importance of management assuming overall responsibility for the HIS as a vital communications tool to support the provision of healthcare. Since the HIS underpins the 'business aims' of the institution, these need to be clearly defined at the outset. How to evaluate the benefits of an HIS supplier and aspects such as encouraging an atmosphere of ownership of the HIS by all staff are reviewed in the article.
Animals that forage from a central place can keep track of their displacement relative to home through a process called "path integration." During a study of the stability of homing information over time, we noticed that honey bees held at a feeding place for several hours sometimes headed not in the homeward compass direction on their release, but in the reverse compass direction. This behavior suggested that the path integration system had been reset to a state corresponding to an outward flight to the food. Most models of insect navigation assume that it is the experience of reaching home that resets the path integration system, enabling the activation of vectors appropriate for subsequent outbound foraging trips. Here we provide evidence that this resetting can be influenced by motivational cues associated with food deprivation. The effect of food deprivation is independent of any positional cues provided by familiar landmarks or by experience in traveling toward a goal.
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