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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

["Methamphetamine-stereotypy and hypermotility" in rats chronically treated with reserpine--the effect of intracerebral injection of chlorpromazine].

In rats given methamphetamine (MAPT, 10 mg/kg i.p.) 24 hrs--48 hrs after the long term-administration of reserpine (RE), we have previously found such "bizarre-biting behaviour" as persistent and bloody biting activity at their own legs and tails or those of their cage mates. The present investigation examined the effect of a blockade of the dopamine receptor in the brain on MAPT-induced "bizarre-biting behaviour" and hypermotility of RE-pretreated rats. Male albino Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were injected intraperitoneally with RE (1.25 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline solution (1.25 ml/kg) every two days for 13 days. Twenty-three hrs after the last injection, rats received chlorpromazine (CP, 150 micrograms, 250 micrograms, 625 micrograms, or 1 mg/rat) intracerebrally by Valzelli's method; and 1 hr later, MAPT (10 mg/kg i.p.) was injected. MAPT-induced hypermotility was potentiated in the RE-pretreated rats, but it was suppressed dose-dependently by CP. Stereotyped licking and biting activities of saline-pretreated rats were completely suppressed by CP at each dose given, however, the "bizarre-biting behaviour" of RE-pretreated rats was inhibited by CP only at high doses (625 micrograms or 1 mg/rat). It is suggested that the MAPT-induced hypermotility of RE-pretreated rats is mediated by activation of dopamine receptor while their "bizarre-biting behaviour" is partially related to it.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Prenatal reserpine administration: permanent changes in adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase.

Reserpine (1 mg/kg) was administered to pregnant rats on days 12, 13 and 14 of gestation. Although adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activities were normal in the offspring at 4 days of postnatal age, both were elevated by 17 days and the elevations persisted into adulthood. The changes may result from permanently increased sympatho-adrenal stimulation.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of morphine and reserpine on the experimental effect of electrostimulation of biologically active points].

In experiments on unanesthetized cats, electric stimulation of biologically active points (BAP) led to a prolonged facilitation of the amplitude of brain cortex evoked potentials. Morphine (2--2.5 mg/kg) produced unidirectional changes (with respect to electric stimulation) in the electrophysiological indices. Reserpine (5 mg/kg) shortened the period of the effect induced by electric stimulation of BAP during complete depletion of the brain monoamine pool. It is suggested that variation in the balance of brain biogenic amines is of certain importance for, rather than determines the realization of the effect of BAP electric stimulation.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of finger ischemia with Bier block reserpine.

Fourteen patients with severe Raynaud symptoms, including four patients with ulceration of the fingers, were treated by regional medical sympathectomy achieved by the tourniquet controlled intravenous injection of reserpine. Nine of the patients had significant objective clinical improvement which, in each patient, correlated with the demonstration of vasospasm on pretreatment studies. The five patients without improvement had advanced organic obstructive arterial disease without vasospasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Changes of gastric mucosal vessels in reserpine-induced ulcer (author's transl)].

The gastric microvascular changes in reserpine (RES 6 mg/kg s.c.)-induced ulcer in Wistar male rats were studied. Two kinds of water paints were injected through the superior mesenteric vein and celiac artery. Excised stomachs were frozen instantly by cooled methanol (-70 degrees C) and were put into methylsalicylate after 24 hr in order to make transparent preparations. RES caused constriction of the vein from the middle layer till the muscularis mucosae and congestion with ischemia in the gastric mucosa after 1 hr. Even after 3 hr, these vascular changes remained and were accompanied by erosion. After 6 and 9 hr, the erosion became more severe, while ischemia was no longer found and the vessels were rather dilated. These lesions initiated from the fundic-antral border area in the lesser curvature and gradually extended to the greater curvature. The early changes up to 3 hr were inhibited by phentolamine, isoproterenol, C6, metiamide and methysergide, but not by carbachol, atropine, vagotomy and propranolol. Atropine, vagotomy, isoproterenol, propranolol and C6 inhibited erosion in the late stage. Phentolamine, carbachol, diphenhydramine, metiamide and methysergide were not effective. From these results and the gastric movement caused by RES, it is suggested that the vascular changes of the early stage in RES-induced ulcer are due not only to the autonomic nervous system but also to the endogenous biogenic amines, and the erosions in the late stage depend on the hypermotility of the stomach rather than on the hypersecretion of the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine on "methamphetamine-induced sterotype and hypermotility" of reserpinized rats (author's transl)].

Previously we have found such "bizarre stereotypy" as persistent and bloody biting activity at the legs or the tail of himself or of the cage mate given methamphetamine (MAPT, 10 mg/kg) 24 hrs-48 hrs after long term-administration of reserpine (RE). The present investigation examined the effect of inhibition of dopamine synthesis in brain on MAPT-induced "bizarre stereotypy" and hypermotility of RE-treated rats. Male albino Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were injected intraperitoneally with RE (1.25 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline solution (1.25 ml/kg) every two days for 13 days. Twenty-two hrs after the last injection, rats received alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine ( alpha-MPT, 50 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg i.p.) or its vehicle (1 ml/kg i.p.) and 2 hrs later, MAPT. MAPT induced continuous licking and biting at the metal wire of the cage floor in saline-treated rats and also "bizarre stereotypy" in RE-treated rats, but these activities were completely suppressed by pretreatment of alpha-MPT in each dose given (especially in 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg). Pertaining to the locomotor activities of saline-treated rats, the horizontal movements were especially enhanced by MAPT, however, the vertical movements remained unchanged. Alpha-MPT partially inhibited such horizontal movements while it potentiated the vertical movements. Locomotor activities of RE-treated rats were depressed one day after the last injection of RE, however, after the MAPT, these activities counts were increased considerably and were also higher in comparison to the counts of saline-treated rats given MAPT. These hypermotilities in RE-treated rats were partially antagonized by pretreatment with alpha-MPT. It is suggested that MAPT-induced "bizarre stereotypy" of RE-treated rats is mediated by the accelerative effect of RE on MAPT-induced dopamine synthesis, while MAPT-induced hypermotility of RE-treated rats is partially related to such an acceleration of dopamine synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Distensibility and responsiveness of the rat seminal vesicle: effects of denervation and pretreatment of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine.

Slow filling (0.03 ml/min) to 25 cm H2O transluminal hydrostatic pressure established an internal volume ("end-filling volume"; V) in rat seminal vesicles which was optimal for the production of maximal isovolumetric contractions. Because of variations in the size and empty wet weight (W) of vesicles from mature rats, this method for standardizing base-line conditions was superior to the application of a standard volume to preload all organs. The slow-filling procedure to establish base-line conditions yielded a parameter (V/W) which was an index of organ distensibility; therefore, both mechanical and pharmacological properties could be related in each organ. V/W was reasonably constant and independent of organ weight; regression analysis showed K = V/W3/4. Pretreatment of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine. HBr (100 mg/kg 2 weeks, plus 50 mg/kg 1 week, before sacrifice) and surgical postganglionic denervation (9 to 12 days before sacrifice) significantly increased V/W, had no effect on W and resulted in a 40% increase in the maximum response to norepinephrine. The EC50 of norepinephrine was slightly increased after 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreatment. Short-term reserpine-pretreatment (5 mg/kg 2 days plus 2.5 mg/kg 1 day, before sacrifice) produces better norepinephrine depletion than 6-hydroxydopamine but did not modify V/W. The results suggest that the stress-strain relationship and elastic properties of sympathetically innervated tissues are subject to the long-term influence of nerve activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effects of reserpine, iproniazid and L-dopa on electrically-induced spinal cord seizures.

The effects of selected drug treatments on spinal cord norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were compared to the effects of these same treatments on electrically-induced spinal cord seizure. Depletion of monoamine stores by reserpine facilitated spinal cord seizures. In contrast, L-DOPA, given to animals pretreated with iproniazid, exerted an anticonvulsant effect and elevated spinal cord NE and DA levels. L-DPOA administered alone produced a substantial elevation in DA levels but had no effect on spinal cord seizures. Iproniazid had no effect on monoamines, whereas it facilitated seizure activity. These observations support the concept that spinal cord noradrenergic, but not 5-hydroxytryptaminergic or dopaminergic neurons act as attenuators of convulsive activity. The effect of iproniazid on spinal cord seizures, in the absence of an observed alteration in monoamine levels, provides evidence that this effect is mediated through non-monoaminergic mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Pharmacologic profile of n-palmitoylglycine. Its effect on reserpine and haloperidol catalepsy].

N-palmitoyl glycine (PG), synthesized by the mixed anhydrides method, displayed nootropic effects (in the "step-down" test) as well as an anti-immobility action in the forced swimming test, in mice. However no anticonvulsant effects were obtained, even at high dose (300 mg/Kg, po), in the maximal electroshock or against the convulsions induced by pentetrazol. In the study reported in this paper PG potentiated the reserpine or the haloperidol catalepsy in rats. The potentiation of the haloperidol catalepsy was antagonized by imipramine which displayed antiglutamatergic and antimuscarinic properties. On the other hand at 150 mg/Kg (ip), a dose which potentiated the haloperidol catalepsy, PG stimulated the dopaminergic function in the striatum. These results could therefore constitute a first clue suggesting a stimulation, by PG, of the cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons, by glycinergic potentiation of the NMDA receptors in the striatum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of ajmalicine in reserpine raw materials by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A method is presented for determination of ajmalicine in reserpine raw materials by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection. The sample is dissolved in a very small volume of chloroform, and the resulting solution is diluted with methanol. The reference solution of ajmalicine is prepared directly in methanol. For LC, a 30 cm long normal-phase column is used. The mobile phase is methanol containing a small volume of an aqueous solution of 1-pentanesulfonic acid, sodium salt. Detection is by fluorescence with excitation at 280 nm and emission at 360 nm. In 3 samples, the ajmalicine contents ranged from 1.2 to 1.9%.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1995

Influences of locus coeruleus lesions and reserpine treatment on opioid physical dependence in rats.

AIM: To study the role of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons in the opioid dependence. METHODS: Chemical lesion of LC was produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (4 micrograms in 1 microL). Reserpine (Res) was used to deplete central noradrenaline. Composite scores of naloxone (4 mg.kg-1, ip) precipitated abstinence syndromes were calculated and the magnitude of weight loss was determined in chronic morphine (Mor)- or dihydroetorphine (DHE)-treated rats. RESULTS: Lesions of LC made Mor, but not DHE, abstinence syndrome more serious. Multiple doses of Res (0.5 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 3 d) increased scores of Mor and DHE abstinence syndrome, made worse the loss of body weight in chronic Mor-, but not DHE-, treated rats. A single dose of Res (0.5 mg.kg-1) speeded up the development of physical dependence on Mor. CONCLUSION: The LC noradrenergic neurons play a role in suppression of some withdrawal symptoms.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Influence of stimulating zusanli with moxibustion of different quality and quantity on gastrointestinal motor function of reserpinized rats].

This article is focused on the observation of changes in body temperature, body weight, cholinesterase activity in blood, and gastrointestinal motility of reserpinized rats treated by stimulating Zusanli (ST 36) with moxibustion of different quality. (mugwort floss or pipe tobacco) and quantity (strong stimulation or weak stimulation). The experiment shows that better results are achieved with moxibustion not by burning tobacco; the result of strong stimulation with moxa-sticks is better than that of weak stimulation with the same material. Strong stimulation with moxa-sticks can obviously increase the activity of cholinesterase (P < 0.05), inhibit hyperactive gastrointestinal motility (P < 0.05), maintain normal body temperature (P < 0.05), and prevent body weight lossing. All these show that therapeutic results of moxibustion are closely related to the quality and quantity of moxibustion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blister formation on the thumb following the second intravenous regional reserpine in the hand. Case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Local, not systemic, complications associated with intravenous regional sympathetic block (IVRS) are very rare. The authors report the complication that occurred in a 70-year-old man who sustained an injury of the left thumb. METHODS: The second IVRS using reserpine and lidocaine, 1 week after the first IVRS, was performed for pain relief. RESULTS: About 1 hour after the operation, an entirely localized blister developed in the dorsolateral aspect of the thumb. The palmar side appeared viable 2 weeks after the operation, which guaranteed intact survival of the thumb, but 2 months later the patient reported that he had the thumb amputated at an outside hospital. CONCLUSIONS: When IVRS is applied to the extremities with compromised vasculature, or with an altered neuroanatomy, unpredictable and counterproductive mishaps may occur.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Randomised double-blind comparative study of efficacy and safety of hydroflumethiazide and reserpine and chlortalidone and atenolol in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in black patients.

This randomised, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of hydroflumethiazide 50 mg and reserpine 0.125 mg (H-R) and chlortalidone 12.5 mg and atenolol 50 mg (C-A) in adult black patients with mild to moderate hypertension (a resting supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95 and 115 mmHg after a two week placebo washout period). If the DBP did not reach 90 mmHg after four weeks, the dosage was doubled. There were 27 patients in the H-R group and 22 in the C-A group who completed the study. In the H-R group, supine systolic and diastolic BP were reduced from 156.5 (95% confidence intervals 150.1-162.9) and 102.0 (97.5-106.5) mmHg to 137.0 (130.6-143.4) and 87.4 (83.0-91.9) mmHg, respectively. The corresponding values in the C-A group were 154.1 (147.0-161.2) and 103.4 (98.5-108.4) mmHg to 136.4 (129.3-143.5) and 91.2 (86.2-96.1) mmHg, respectively. Normalisation, response and control of DBP was achieved in 88.9, 92.6 and 100% of patients, respectively, in the H-R group, and in 81.8, 95.5 and 95.5% of patients in the C-A group, respectively. The dose was doubled in 14.8% of patients on H-R and 40.1% on C-A. No clinically significant abnormalities in laboratory variables and no serious adverse effects were encountered. Both drugs have been shown to be efficacious and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in black patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Prevention of reserpine induced experimental gastric ulcer in rat with amoxicillin a report of preliminary controlled study].

In recent years, amoxicillin (A) has been proved very effective in clearing helicobacter pylor (HP) and promoting ulcer healing. Is the cure due solely to the clearance of HP? Forty three Wistar rats were randomized into four groups to investigate the efficacy of A in preventing the experimental ulcer induced by reserpine and compare it with that of ranitidine (R) and antacid weishuping (W). A normal saline (NS) group was used as control. The total numbers of ulcer induced per rat for the NS, W, R and A groups were 7.8 +/- 5.1, 2.2 +/- 3.2, 1.0 +/- 1.2 and 2.1 +/- 1.9, respectively. The ulcer indices were 20.8 +/- 13.2, 4.5 +/- 7.7, 2.0 +/- 3.7 and 4.5 +/- 3.9, respectively. No HP was identified. The results indicated that A, R and W were all effective in preventing reserping induced ulcer with no significant difference (P > 0.05); they were significantly more effective than NS (P < 0.05). Since A is not an antacid and no HP existed in the experimental rats, there must be a mechanism of A involved in the prevention of experimental ulcer.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of reserpine on epiphysial-adrenocortical relations].

Reserpin at a dose inducing behavioral depression in rats, decreases the level of plasma corticosterone. Such effect is more pronounced in epiphysectomised animals and probably depends on drug induced central and peripheral catecholamines neurotransmission.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1977

Differential effects of reserpine and tetrabenazine on rat striatal synaptosomal dopamine biosynthesis and synaptosomal dopamine pools.

Rat striatal dopamine (DA) levels and synaptosomal DA synthesis were determined after the administration of the catecholamine-depleting agents reserpine (RES) and tetrabenazine (TBZ). Striatal synaptosomal DA synthesis remained unchanged from control levels after Res administration over a wide range of doses (0.5-5 mg/kg) and times (up to 48 hour). In contrast, after TBZ administration, DA synthesis rapidly increased to values greater than 200% of control values, then returned to control levels. The changes in DA synthesis inversely paralleled the depletion of and recovery of striatal DA levels. The increased levels of DA synthesis did not appear to originate with alterations either in the kinetic properties of tyrosine hydroxylase or in the availability of exogenous or endogenous tyrosine. To assess the contribution of synaptosomal DA pools to the regulation of DA synthesis in tissue preparations from RES-or TBZ-pretreated animals, synaptosomal DA synthesis was assessed in the presence of DA releasing agents and compared with analogous experimental manipulations on tissue preparations from animals pretreated with alpha-methyltyrosine or the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, clorgyline. The data are consistent with a differential in vivo interaction of RES and TBZ with a nerve ending pool of DA which participates in end-product inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Adrenergic agents inhibit rapid increases in cerebellar Purkinje cell glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) mRNA levels after climbing fiber lesions or reserpine treatment.

Loss of the inferior olive-climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex after treatment with the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) has been reported to double the simple spike activity of the cerebellar Purkinje cell and eliminates complex spike activity. This is quickly followed by a three- to fourfold increase in Purkinje cell mRNA for the 67 kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a synthetic enzyme for the neurotransmitter GABA. Treatment with the indirectly acting sympathomimetic amphetamine or the direct acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist clenbuterol inhibited the increase in GAD67 mRNA, and this inhibition was blocked by pretreatment with the beta receptor antagonist propranolol. The activity-enhancing effect of 3-AP treatment on cerebellar neurons was confirmed by extracellular recordings. Clenbuterol treatment prevented the increase in neuronal firing without altering lesion induction or the loss of complex spikes, and propranolol treatment produced a partial reversal of the inhibitory effect of clenbuterol on the neuronal firing rate. These results suggest that beta receptor-mediated effects on cerebellar neuronal activity may prevent the increase in mRNA levels, but that firing rate-independent beta-mediated effects on genomic expression may also play a role. A role for noradrenergic systems in modulating GAD67 mRNA is also supported by the finding that reducing endogenous cerebellar norepinephrine levels by treatment with reserpine increased Purkinje cell GAD67 mRNA levels (250% of control), and this also was inhibited by clenbuterol treatment.

Adrenergic Agents↗