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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Reproduction study of propiverine hydrochloride (2)--teratological study in rats by oral administration].

A teratogenicity study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4) at dose levels of 0 (control), 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day to dams from day 7 to day 17 of pregnancy. Twenty two or twenty three female rats in each group were sacrificed on day 21 of pregnancy for examination of their fetuses, and thirteen female rats were allowed to deliver for the postnatal examination of their offspring. In dams, the dose of 50 mg/kg caused toxic signs consisting of mydriasis, salivation and rale, body weight loss in the early stage of administration, and reduced food intake and increased water intake. The dose of 10 mg/kg caused rale, very slight suppression of body weight gain and slight reduction of food intake. Body weight of the fetuses was decreased very slightly in the 50 mg/kg group. However, embryonal or fetal mortality and incidences of external, visceral or skeletal anomalies were not increased. In offspring, P-4 had no adverse effect on the postnatal development such as viability, growth, differentiation, emotionality, learning ability or reproductive performance. The results suggest that the non-effective dose level of P-4 is 2 mg/kg/day in maternal animals, 10 mg/kg/day in fetuses and 50 mg/kg/day in offspring.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1989

[Reproduction study of propiverine hydrochloride (4)--perinatal and postnatal study in rats by oral administration].

A perinatal and postnatal study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4) at dose levels of 0 (control), 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg/day to dams from day 17 of pregnancy to day 21 after delivery. Twenty two or twenty four dams in each group were allowed to deliver for the postnatal examination of their offspring. In dams, the dose of 50mg/kg caused toxic signs consisting of mydriasis, salivation and rale. One dam of this group showed piloerection, low body temperature, blanching of extremity and auricle, and emaciation associated with marked prolongation of delivery. Body weight gain of the dams was retarded in the 50 mg/kg group throughout the administration period. Food and water intakes were reduced in the 50mg/kg group. In gross pathology of the dam that showed prolonged delivery, the spleen and thymus were moderately or severely atrophied and the adrenal was moderately enlarged. The viability index of the offspring on day 4 was reduced in the 50mg/kg group. Body weight of pups slightly decreased in the 50mg/kg group during sucking and rearing periods. Absolute weights of some organs of the three-week aged offspring were reduced due to attributable depression of body weight gain. However, P-4 had no adverse effect on the postnatal development such as emotionality, motor activity, learning ability or reproductive performance. The results suggest that the non-effective dose level of P-4 is 10mg/kg/day in maternal animals and offspring.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Potential utility of insulin sensitizers in the treatment of patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. It is one of the most common endocrinologic disorders in women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may present with menstrual irregularities, chronic anovulation, infertility, obesity and hyperandrogenism. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in most, if not all, patients. Besides its gynecological manifestations, PCOS is also associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risks. These risks are strongly linked to insulin resistance, and during recent years a novel therapeutic approach using insulin-sensitizing agents has been extensively investigated. In most studies conducted to date, metformin and the thiazolidinedione agent troglitazone have resulted in improved insulin sensitivity, resumption of regular menses and decreased serum androgen levels. Insulin-sensitizing agents may be a useful adjuvant therapy for women with PCOS.

Female↗
PubMed2002

East Timor in transition: health and health care.

East Timor was liberated from 400 years of conquest and exploitation in an armed struggle that ended, in September 1999, in a conflagration that destroyed its social and physical infrastructures. For two years the territory has been under United Nations administration. Political conditions remain unstable as the result of many intrinsic and external factors. Its economy continues to depend upon infusions of funds from multilateral, bilateral, and private sources. Efforts by expatriates to introduce Euro-American cultural and technical models have been applied to the factors that determine health, with modest results. East Timor expects to be totally independent of foreign control early in 2002. Its future health will depend upon continuing collaboration between international and local leadership in evolving effective government, economy, and health services designed, managed, and executed by Timorese.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Some fetal and pregnancy parameters in Nepal.

In Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, 4600 single live births were analysed concerning birth weight in relation to gestational age. At term, the median birth weight of females was 2900 g and of males 3010 g. Compared with Norwegian newborns, the birthweights of Nepali babies were lower for all corresponding gestational lengths. The differences increased with gestational age. Fundal height was lower in Nepali than in Norwegian pregnant women for all periods of pregnancy. An increase in the differences between Norwegian and Nepali women was also noted. Hematocrit values of Nepali women who did not take supplementary iron, correspond well to findings in Norwegian women without iron supplementation. Only a slight degree of hemoconcentration was noted towards term. For Norwegian women with iron supplementation the hematocrit values were much higher, with a tendency towards hemoconcentration near term. In Nepal the average woman probably has small iron stores, and without iron supplementation the hematocrit values will remain low throughout the pregnancy. The high altitude does not seem to cause hemoconcentration in pregnancy to a greater extent than at lower altitude. Hemoconcentration is therefore not a major causative factor of the lower birth weights.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexually transmitted diseases and related genital pathologies in oligozoospermia.

Sexually transmitted pathogens are associated with a wide range of anomalies and diseases, including recurrent genital herpes, urethritis, syphilis, prostitis, genital ulcers, perihepatitis, unexplained infertility, infant prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal death or malformations. Prompt diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential to ensure appropriate specific treatment and to reduce complications. Extensive studies on the etiology of male infertility include poorly treated infections such as STDs, epididymitis, complications associated with mumps, delayed treatment of undescended testes, repair of inguinal hernia, varicocele, endocrine disorders, anomalies of the reproductive tract and male accessory organs, trauma, surgery, heat-cold injury, and active-passive immunization.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Polycystic ovary syndrome: an endocrine and metabolic disease.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder occurring during female reproductive years, characterized by a number of heterogeneous clinical and biochemical features. Clinical presentation is characterized by hirsutism, acne, androgen-dependent alopecia, menstrual dysfunction, infertility and ultrasonographically-documented cystic ovaries. Tonic elevation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion is a regular feature of PCOS. Abnormal secretion of estrogen and high serum levels of free testosterone are also present. In addition to these endocrine abnormalities, specific metabolic alterations, such as hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are more frequent. Metabolic derangements associated with PCOS may predispose the patient to a range of diseases with attendant morbidity and mortality risks, so it is important to consider the syndrome in terms of both endocrine and metabolic aspects, achieving a correct hormone equilibrium and preventing metabolic alterations.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1999

Potential effect of authorization bias on medical record research.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of recent changes in Minnesota statutes that generally require prior authorization for use of medical records for research from patients who received medical care after Jan. 1, 1997. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board-approved study, we obtained a stratified random sample of patients encountered at Mayo Clinic Rochester during the period 1994 through 1996 and estimated the proportion willing to provide the general authorization. On the basis of data from administrative files, we then compared demographic, diagnostic, and utilization characteristics for patients who provided authorization and those who did not. RESULTS: Overall, 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 4.0%) of the study subjects declined authorization. If patients not responding to requests for authorization were also considered to have refused, the overall refusal rate would be 20.7% (95% confidence interval, 18.5 to 22.9%). Women were somewhat more likely to refuse authorization than were men (4.0% versus 2.4%; P = 0.067), and patients younger than 60 years were more likely to refuse than were older patients (5.4% versus 1.2%; P<0.001). Patients residing more than 120 miles from Rochester were much less likely to decline authorization than were local residents (2.1% versus 5.8%; P = 0.001). Patients with prior diagnoses that might be considered more sensitive such as mental disorders, infectious diseases, and reproductive problems also were more likely to refuse authorization. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that laws requiring written authorization for research use of the medical record could result in substantial biases in etiologic and outcome studies, the direction and magnitude of which may vary from topic to topic. Clinicians should be prepared to enter the discussion to help inform patients and legislators of the potential hazards of laws that restrict access to medical records for research purposes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with levels of between 4 and 10 per cent reported (Dunaif 1995, Norman et al 2002). However, figures for its prevalence vary considerably and estimates of 'true' prevalence must be made with caution since there is no overall consensus on the diagnostic criteria that must be satisfied to make a diagnosis (Ledger and Clark 2003). Giving information and patient education are integral to many nursing roles and as more women are being diagnosed with PCOS, patients are seeking information from nurses as well as other health professionals. This article provides an overview of PCOS, including its clinical features, pathophysiology, long-term health consequences and possible treatments.

Anovulation↗
PubMed1999

Mature teratoma with secondary infection: case report.

Mature teratoma (dermoid cyst) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age. Sometimes the tumor is complicated by torsion, rupture, and malignant change. However, it rarely presents with fever. We present a 38-year-old woman with an intermittent fever for 30 days, who received occasional medical treatment without improvement. She was to our clinic for evaluation and treatment; however, fever persisted for three days without clinical improvement. No definite infection source could be identified except the presence of a huge pelvic tumor. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and an ovarian dermoid cyst with infection was noted. Pathology review revealed mature teratoma with superimposed infection by Escherichia coli. Fever impressively subsided on the fifth postoperative day. Although the majority of patients suffering from fever initially search for medical treatment at primary clinics, rare conditions such as persistent fever should be consulted by specialists to make differential diagnosis. Mature teratoma is rarely superimposed by infection and rarely causes fever. Furthermore, the possibility of fever caused by tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is often missed in patients with history of tubal ligation since there is a lower incidence of TOA in these unique patients. However, based on this case report, we should be alert whenever long-term fever is noted. Prompt surgical treatment for extirpation and an appropriate antibiotic treatment would be the choice of treatment in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Reactions to hysterectomy: fact or fiction?

Elective hysterectomy has become culturally patterned as a normal part of the life cycle with more than half of all American women destined for hysterectomy if current rates continue. In keeping with this widespread acceptance, both women and their doctors frequently express satisfaction with the operation. The sequelae that do occur appear to be serious in only a few women, though more minor disturbances do appear in a sizable number. Repeated or controlled studies indicate that hysterectomy may yield problems for some women in the following areas: rejection by male partners, hot flushes after conservation of ovarian tissue, severe hot flushes after ovariectomy, long-term psychourinary problems, weight changes, lingering fatigue and prolonged convalescence, painful intercourse, depression, sleep disturbances, and other psychiatric symptoms. Prospective studies using matched control groups are needed which follow patients at least 2 years postoperatively, as repeated studies have shown "sleeper effect" after hysterectomy with sequelae developing after the first 6 months or even after 1 year. The impact of varying surgical techniques and the long-term endocrine impact of hysterectomy need to be detailed as well as further study undertaken on the psychosomatic sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Rules for prevention and certification of occupational diseases in workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs].

The risk of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs is related to cancerogenesis and reproductive dysfunction, including fertility disorders, congenital defects and toxic effects inter alia on the liver, kidneys, skin and bone marrow. The authors review current legal regulations of antineoplastic drug administration, the present state of the patients' care and guidelines for prophylactic examinations in this occupational group.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Polychlorinated biphenyls--toxicology and health risk].

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were or are manufactured as commercial products. The chemical stability and lipophilicity of these compounds, and their resistance to degradation results in their persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation in animal organisms by entering of various food chains. Food, especially of animal origin, is regarded as a major source of these chemicals for man. Acute toxicity of PCB is low. However, when absorbed in low doses over longer time periods they can cause changes leading in chloracne and other hypo- and hyperplastic responses, endocrine disorders, hepatotoxicity and porphyria, reproductive toxicity and carcinogenesis. Infants fed with breast milk are at greatest risk. The health risk assessment for environmental exposure to PCB was also discussed.

Animals↗