Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Postural Balance”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Effects of some physical training on vestibular function].

Objective. To study the effects of active vestibular conditioning by some physical training on the vestibular function. Method. 10 subjects were given five kinds training gyro wheel, hanging ladder, ripple wood, four column swing and rotating swing for two weeks. Vestibular experimental tests were given before and after training. Result. After physical training, subjects' linear acceleration tolerance time increased significantly, the result of computer dynamic equilibrium posturegraphy demonstrated that the sway of body center of gravity decreased significantly when subjects maintained their equilibrium by both vestibular and visual information. Conclusion. The linear acceleration physical training methods used in this experiment have positive effects, while the methods of angular acceleration training need further investigation.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of running armored car on dynamic posture equilibrium].

Objective. To study the effects of training in running armored car on dynamic posture equilibrium. Method. Dynamic posture was tested pre- and post running armored car in 56 healthy men. Result. Compared to pre-training, certain equilibrium scores of sensory organization test condition 1 (P<0.05), 2 (P< 0.001), and 3 (P< 0.001) decreased significantly, while those of condition 4 (P<0.001) and 6 (P< 0.001) increased significantly. The static proprioception score (SOT2/SOT1 x 100) (P< 0.01) decreased significantly, while visual sensory score (SOT4/SOT1 x 100, P <0.01) and dynamic proprioception (SOT (4+5+6)/SOT(1+2+3) x 100, P<0.001) increased significantly post-training. The motor strategy scores of sensory organization test condition 2 (P<0.01) and 3 (P<0.001) significantly decreased. Conclusion. The results demonstrated that training in a running armored car influenced postural equilibrium and sensory organization.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of 7 d -6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) on electromyogram of gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles].

Objective. To assess the effect of 7 d -6 degrees HDT on electromyogram of the weightbearing muscles. Method. Eight healthy males, aged 33-42, were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed-rest for 7 d, electromyogram from the gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles were recorded before and after HDT, and day 4 of recovery. Result. The latency of SLR (short latency response) recorded from lower leg muscles after HDT was not different from that pre-HDT. But the latency of MLR (middle latency response) and LLR (long latency response) after HDT were significantly increased as compared with that pre-HDT, and recovered to pre-HDT level on day 4 of recovery. The durations of SLR recorded from right leg muscles after HDT were significantly longer as compared with that pre-HDT, and did not recover. The integrated amplitude of SLR and MLR after HDT were significantly increased as compared with that pre-HDT, and only the integrated amplitude of SLR recovered, but that of MLR did not. Conclusion. Seven day -6 degrees HDT bed-rest had significant effects on electromyogram of the weightbearing muscles.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

[Physiological evaluation of vestibular training load].

Objective. To evaluate the effects of vestibular training by observing the variations of the physiological indices. It is helpful in grasping the training load, setting down and implementing the training plan. Method. 10 healthy subjects received linear acceleration, continuous Coriolis acceleration and discontinuous Coriolis acceleration stimuli on different dates. The stimulus was stopped when there were slight autonomic nervous symptoms, ECG, EGG and BP were recorded before during and after the stimuli. Computerized Dynamic Posturography (correction of Postrograph) (CDP) was tested before and after experiment. Result. One subject finished the training of the three stimuli with only slight autonomic nervous symptoms. The CDP tests pre- and post-experiment indicated that for most subjects the contribution of vestibular function in maintaining dynamic posture equilibrium increased after the linear acceleration stimuli, but decreased after continuous Coriolis acceleration stimuli, and there was great individual difference after discontinuous Coriolis acceleration stimuli because the stimulation was relatively heavy. The equilibrium score in SOT2 decreased significantly after linear acceleration stimuli, and increased significantly after discontinuous Coriolis acceleration stimuli. Conclusion. The training methods we designed and used in this experiment are feasible, and the required training load can be reached. EGG, BP and the percentage of LF (low frequency) in ECG R-R power spectrum can reflect the subject's condition when the period stimuli stopped. It provided important reference in the determination of training stimulation load.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1973

Human sensorimotor coordination following space flights.

Studies have been carried out 18-30 days before the flight and on the second day after landing. The recovery kinetics of cosmonauts who completed the 18-day space flight was followed for 30 days after their return. Muscle tone, indices of muscle strength and parameters of the functions of the extremities were examined, and the ability to maintain vertical posture was studied (stabilography). Flights of short duration did not cause any serious disturbances in the neuromuscular system. Together with this fact, the analysis of the results revealed a certain regularity in the physiological effects as reflected by a decrease in the strength of the torso extensors and the muscle tone of the lower extremities, The tone and strength of the arms altered insignificantly, and the alterations were not an indication of muscular atrophy. Stabilographic studies showed a decrement in the stability of the vertical posture of the cosmonauts. The above alterations were particularly pronounced in the crew members of Soyuz 9. As distinct from the previous flights of the Soyuz spaceships the crew members of Soyuz 9 showed normality in the regulation of vertical posture only on the tenth day after the flight. One of the reasons for the above alterations in postural regulation may be the decrease in muscle tone noted repeatedly after both of the previous space flights and in experiments with simulation of separate effects of weightlessness. Another reason for the deterioration in postural regulation is probably the changes in interaction between the neutral analysers. A possible reason for the apparent defects in stability may be the disturbance of the interaction between various muscle groups, i.e. the disturbance in synergism which is required for the maintenance of vertical posture. Similar alterations were observed in people who had been subjected to bed rest for a long time. Readaptation to the ground environment appeared to proceed in stages. The comparative evaluation of post-flight findings showed that prolonged periods of flights up to 18 days resulted in more pronounced alterations in human sensomotor coordination.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Dynamics of human postural transitions.

In the present study, the authors examined transitions between postural coordination modes involved in human stance. The analysis was motivated by dynamical theories of pattern formation, in which coordination modes and transitions between modes are emergent, self-organized properties of the dynamics of animal-environment systems. In 2 experiments, standing participants tracked a moving target with the head. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in body coordination follow typical nonequilibrium phase transitions, exhibiting multistability, bifurcation, critical fluctuations, hysteresis, and critical slowing down. The findings suggest that posture may be organized in terms of dynamical principles and favor the existence of general and common principles governing pattern formation and flexibility in complex systems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Towards objective quantification of the Tinetti test.

The Tinetti test is a widespread test for assessing motor control in the elderly, which could also be usefully applied in neurology. At present it uses a qualitative measurement scale. As a first step towards its objective quantification, trunk inclination was measured during the test by two inclinometers and quantified by descriptive parameters. The 95th or 5th percentiles of parameter distributions in normal subjects (no.=150) were taken as limits of normality, and parameters computed on 130 institutionalised elderly people were compared to these limits, to test the parameters' discriminatory power. The distributions of many parameters were statistically different in normal subjects and patients. These results suggest that this approach is a promising tool for objective evaluation of the Tinetti test.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Changes in gait stability induced by alteration of mandibular position.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different mandibular positions on the body equilibrium by measuring the gait rhythm. Twelve young healthy subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were instructed to walk for a 18m distance with the mandible guided at six different positions by occlusal splints. The gait was recorded at fast, ordinary and slow walking speeds under occluded condition. Gait cycle, coefficient of variation for gait cycle and gait velocity were calculated during the 10m-walk. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures demonstrated significant differences among the six mandibular positions for the gait cycle at all gait speeds, for the coefficient of variation at fast speed and ordinary speed and for the gait velocity at fast speed (P<0.05). Regarding these variables, multiple comparison tests were also performed between the mandibular position without instruction for occlusion and other five mandibular positions. Gait cycle, coefficient of variation and gait velocity changed significantly in 5mm opening position from the intercuspal position, and in 5 mm left and 5mm right position from the 3mm opening position at fast speed (P<0.05). The result of this study suggests that the change of mandibular position could affect the gait stability.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Falls in the elderly: analysis of potential risk based on observations in 1994-2001].

In medicine a fall is commonly construed as a sudden and totally accidental loss of postural balance, be that whilst walking or pursuing any other physical activities, in result of which a victim falls directly onto the ground, floor, or any other low-sited surface area. Frequency of falls in the elderly breaks down into 33% in the outpatients, 20% in the hospitalised patients and 45% in the nursing home residents. Data regarding the actual frequency of falls often misrepresent the facts, as most falls do not result in severe complications, although frequently enough facilitate development of post-fall syndrome and in due course in manifest deterioration of patients' overall mobility, thus making them even more prone to prospective falls. Around 10-15% of falls results in serious, life-threatening trauma. Immobilisation of a patient in the wake of a serious fall brings about a potential threat of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, dehydration, muscular contracture and bed sores. Consequently, more frequent and prolonged hospitalisation is required, whereas a patient becomes steadily more care-dependent. By far the most frequent consequences of falls are bone fractures (50%), the ones sustained within the upper femoral bone area considered the most serious. Mortality resultant from post-fall complications tends to increase significantly with every decade of age. In full consideration of the above issues the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of accidental falls in the elderly, and therefore the falls sustained by 571 residents (aged 68-93 years) of two nursing homes in Krakow throughout 1994-2001 were subject to detailed analysis. The data yielded comprehensive information on the accompanying circumstances (i.e. specific location, timing, prevalent situation) within each one of the studied groups, thus facilitating development of the appropriate preventive measures. Studies comprehensively addressing the issue of accidental falls in the elderly and the attendant medical care costs sustained by the public health system are still very scarce in Poland, although the problem definitely merits further studies and an in-depth investigation, especially in consideration of the on-going restructuring within the country's medical service sector.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of spinal alignment disorders in adults].

Evaluation of the alignment of the spine in the frontal and sagittal planes is an important part in the work up of many disorders of the spine. This type of study requires only frontal and lateral 30 x 90cm radiographs performed in the standing position and including spine, pelvis and proximal femurs. The relationship between spine, pelvis and lower limbs is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The effect of predictable and unpredictable motor tasks on postural control after traumatic brain injury.

This study examined the effects of environmental predictability on postural control during functional reaching while seated in healthy individuals and patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The postural perturbation used required reaching to the left versus reaching to the right, while seated, under predictable versus unpredictable conditions. Indexes of postural control--trajectory stability and response reach times--were measured using an electromechanical system in ten patients with TBI and ten healthy subjects. In the TBI group, greater trajectory stability and shorter response reach time were recorded under unpredictable conditions when reaching to both the right and left (d-index 0.57-2.3). In the control group, greater trajectory stability and shorter response time were recorded under predictable and unpredictable environments compared with the TBI group (d-index 0.46-0.95). This study refutes the hierarchical, predictable-to-unpredictable-environment model of postural control evaluation and treatment. The relationship between information processing demands and postural skill appears more complex than a simple linear association. Predictable and unpredictable conditions may be used concurrently, not sequentially, in TBI rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Effects of motion sickness evoked by parallel swing stimulation on posture equilibrium].

Objective. To study the effects of motion sickness on posture equilibrium. Method. Dynamic posture was tested pre- and following motion sickness evoked by parallel swing. 17 healthy men were divided into motion sickness sensitive group (12) and motion sickness insensitive groups (5) according to their endurance times and the severeness of symptom. Result. The composite equilibrium score significantly decreased post-swing in all subjects. The composite equilibrium score, certain other equilibrium scores (SOT4, SOT5 and SOT6), the strategy scores (STRAT4 and STRAT6) and the sensory score (SEN3 and SEN5) significantly decreased in the sensitive group, but unchanged in the insensitive group post-swing. The equilibrium score (SOT2), and the sensory score (SEN1) pre-swing, the strategy score (STRAT3) of insensitive group is significantly higher than the sensitive group. Conclusion. Motion sickness can influence postural equilibrium. Postural instability and instability of strategy are related to the sensitiveness to motion sickness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of backpack load and task demand on trunk forward lean: Pilot findings on two boys.

Trunk forward lean (TFL) has been identified as a postural adaptation to increases in backpack load, and spinal forces have been presumed based on TFL. This pilot project examined the combined effects of increasing backpack load and task demand on TFL. Two boys with typical development, aged 11 and 9, were participants. Peak5 Motion Analysis Videography was used to gather 2D kinematic data under three levels of backpack load (0%, 8.5% and 17% body weight) and three levels of task demand (stand, walk and run). Passive reflective markers were placed on anatomical landmarks, and TFL was calculated by the angle formed by a line joining the right acromion and right greater trochanter and a vertical reference line. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare TFL under the nine experimental conditions. Although TFL most often increased with increases in backpack load and task demand, TFL was not dose dependent. Postural patterns varied between participants, and the findings supported a ceiling effect. In conclusion, to compensate for changes in inertia and center of gravity when wearing a backpack, TFL represents a dynamic emergent strategy that varies based on task demand and characteristics of the individual. Further research on TFL is warranted, and clinicians should be cautious when recommending safe carrying loads for children based on posture.

Back↗
PubMed1976

Stabilometry and some aspects of its applications--a review.

This paper reviews some of the available literature on a comparatively new and rapidly developing method for the study of man's stability of stance, "stabilometry", and some aspects of its application. The principle of this method consists in translating the mechanical oscillations of man's physiological gravicentre into electrical signals, their amplification, recording, and analysis. The method may be used to carry out research in various specialised disciplines including clinical medicine, otorhinolaryngology, industrial and sports physiology. Additional application areas of stabilometry are aerospace medicine and the manufacture of artificial limbs. The purpose of this review is to direct the attention of investigators, physicians, and specialists toward the future development of this promising method.

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed2002

Computerized platform posturography for children: test-retest reliability of the sensory test of the VSR System.

The purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of scores from typically developing children on the sensory test of the NeuroCom International VSR System. Participants included 18 children between five and nine years of age. Postural sway was measured using the VSR System, a computerized platform posturography assessment tool. The sensory test protocol examines the relative contributions of the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems to maintain postural stability by systematically manipulating the availability and accuracy of sensory inputs. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients for all four sensory conditions ranged from .76 to .83.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Standing-up/sitting-down movement. Electromyographic analysis of 4 muscles of lower limb and the erector spinae muscle: study of anticipatory postural adjustments].

This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of the Erector Spinae and four other muscles of the lower limb during the 1500 first milliseconds of the sitting movement. Electromyographic activities of the Soleus, Tibialis Anterior, Biceps Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, and Erector Spinae muscles were recorded together with cinematic and kinematic data. An inhibition of the Erector Spinae activity was found at the beginning of the movement. It preceded the displacement of the first mobile kinematic marker in 8 of 15 trials. This muscular inhibition created a postural forward movement before the voluntary backward movement. This inhibition of the Erector Spinae could be considered as an anticipatory adjustment movement because of its postural function and its precocity. These results, obtained in healthy young people, should be compared with results in old people, especially with people who suffer from psychomotor dysadaptation syndrome, in whom this inhibition of the Erector Spinae seems to be absent.

Adult↗