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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Experimental study of contagious paralysis of pigeons.

A study of the clinical and pathological changes in pigeons experimentally inoculated with a herpesvirus isolated recently from natural cases of a condition termed contagious paralysis was carried out. Signs and pathological findings similar to those recorded in natural cases were produced after inoculation of the isolate via different routes. The incubation period differed according to the route of inoculation from 2 to 10 days and the course of the disease from 5 to 21 days. The mortality ranged from 100% in the intracerebrally inoculated pigeons to 61% in the orally infected ones. The clinical signs and the gross and histopathological changes included mainly progressive paralysis, meningo-encephalomyelitis, pancreatitis and sometimes enteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The effect of feeding immature Karoo paralysis ticks Ixodes rubicundus (Acari: Ixodidae) on the metabolic rate of the rock elephant shrew.

The effect of feeding immature Karoo paralysis ticks (Ixodes rubicundus) on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of their principal natural host, the rock elephant shrew (Elephantulus myurus), was investigated under laboratory conditions. The elephant shrews were artificially infested with numbers of ticks simulating natural burdens. The RMR of the elephant shrews was quantified by measuring the oxygen consumption in an open through-flow system. The RMR of hosts infested only with larvae did not differ from that of the control group. Those infested with nymphs, or nymphs and larvae, had significantly lower RMR's compared to the control animals. There were no signs of paralysis in any of the infested hosts.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A controller for automatic regulation of induced paralysis during surgery.

This paper presents a strategy for automatic control of induced paralysis using vecuronium bromide during surgery. The controller is self-tuning and adapts to inter-patient and intra-patient response variations while optimizing the output variance and infusion rate. In particular, the controller is capable of accommodating the variations of pure time delays in patient response. The performance of the controller is evaluated using an experimentally derived pharmacokinetic and nonlinear pharmacodynamic model of patient response. The results indicate that the controller provides robust regulation of the paralysis level with no output offset.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

The pattern of residual muscle paralysis in poliomyelitis.

Rural schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 18 years were screened for residual paralysis following poliomyelitis; 503 (0.85%) out of a total of 58,592 were victims. Of these, only 16 (3.8%) had received poliomyelitis vaccine, while the remainder had not been immunised. The disease had occurred before the age of 4 years in nearly 90%, the lower limbs being affected (98%) more often than the upper (2%). In the lower limbs, the quadriceps, hip adductors and tibialis anterior were frequently affected. The muscles supplied by the L4 and L5 spinal segments were most commonly involved, while those supplied by L1 and S3 were least. Some order does exist in the apparently irregular distribution of paralysis after poliomyelitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Anastrozole-induced remission of diaphragmatic paralysis from metastatic breast cancer treated with multiple prior therapies.

We describe a woman with metastatic breast cancer treated with multiple rounds of prior cytotoxic and endocrine therapies, who presented with ipsilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. The use of anastrozole, a highly selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (1 mg daily), successfully induced remission of metastatic tumors in our patient, who is partially recovering from diaphragmatic paralysis.

Anastrozole↗
PubMed1991

Pulmonary oedema after airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

We report a case of pulmonary oedema which developed after airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The patient was a 52-yr-old woman undergoing craniotomy for an acoustic neuroma. Anaesthesia was uneventful. Spontaneous ventilation resumed after reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Following extubation she showed signs of airway obstruction and dyspnoea. The trachea was reintubated but she became hypoxic, PaO2-36 mmHg, produced pink frothy secretions and the x-ray was typical of pulmonary oedema. The oedema cleared within 24 hr. Tracheostomy was performed one week later as the cords were still fixed, but the latter had recovered by three months and the tracheostomy was closed. The cause of the cord paralysis is unknown but probably was a result of surgical trauma to the brain stem.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of halothane on ventilation and arterial blood gases in rats with and without diaphragmatic paralysis].

Some patients with diaphragmatic paralysis or dysfunction maintain ventilation by use of other muscles. Anaesthesia, in modifying the performance of these muscles, presents a potential risk to such patients. To evaluate this risk, the effects of halothane on ventilation and arterial blood gases were studied on a model of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, the phrenectomized rat. The study was performed on 43 rats. Success of phrenectomy was confirmed at laparotomy, which did not result in blood gas changes. Laparotomy was performed in 23 rats and a carotid artery was catheterized. In 11 control rats, phrenic nerves were exposed but not sectioned, and in 12 other rats, the phrenic nerves were sectioned. Ventilation was measured by plethysmography in awake rats before and after surgery and in the same rats anaesthetized with halothane 1.1%. In the 23 rats, a decrease in weight and core temperature was observed after operation and this was more marked in phrenectomized than in control rats. In the 11 control rats, ventilation increased postoperatively without change in blood gases. In these rats, halothane caused a decrease in minute ventilation and PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2. Phrenectomy in awake rats led to an increase in minute ventilation, hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. In these rats, halothane led to death in three and a decrease in minute ventilation, with hypercapnia and hypoxaemia in the nine other rats. Blood gas changes were greater than in anaesthetized controls. In the intact rat, halothane leads to blood gas changes comparable to those observed in other species and humans. The present study confirms the effects of halothane on respiratory muscles other than the diaphragm and demonstrates the severe respiratory risk of anaesthesia in patients whose ventilation is maintained by these muscles.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

[Hypokalemic paralysis in furosemide therapy and simultaneous laxative abuse].

BACKGROUND: Clinical signs of hypokalemia are not directly related to the extent of the electrolyte imbalance, and therefore monosymptomatic cases may be observed. CASE REPORT: Following an acute gastroenteritis with considerable diarrhea, a 47-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital for progressive painful paraparesis. Upon admission, the patient complained of painful paresthesias in both legs, and a moderate flaccid paraparesis with widespread fasciculations and loss of leg tendon reflexes was found. Serum potassium level on admission was 1.7 mmol/l. Other signs of hypokalemia were absent, and the ECGs showed a slow sinus rhythm without disturbances of de- or repolarisation or cardiac arrhythmias. Hypokalemic paralysis was diagnosed and was considered to be primarily drug-induced, as the patient had a history of laxative abuse and was on a continuous medication with furosemide (80 mg/d) without regular assessment of serum electrolytes. The additional electrolyte loss following the gastroenteritis precipitated the development of clinical signs of hypokalemia. In parallel to the rise in serum potassium levels, both painful paresthesias and muscle weakness disappeared, and electromyography documented the amelioration of the myopathic syndrome. CONCLUSION: The prominent clinical symptom of hypokalemia was a dyskalemic paralysis in the absence of other sequelae of electrolyte imbalance, such as cardiac arrhythmias or vegetative disturbances.

Cathartics↗
PubMed2003

[Reinke edema--helpful in unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis?].

We report on a 57-year-old teacher who consulted us for her known unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis subsequent to strumectomy. Video laryngoscopic and stroboscopic examinations revealed Reinke's edema in addition to the left-sided immobile vocal fold with maintenance of good vocal function. Because of the left-sided Reinke's edema, complete glottal closure was possible although the left vocal ligament remained slack. Surgical removal of the vocal fold edema in this case would presumably result in considerable impairment of vocal function. This example illustrates that in selected cases Reinke's edema can contribute to maintenance of phonation in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. In these cases, indication for edema surgery should be very restrictive and should always take the vocal function into consideration.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Botulinum toxin type A-induced "rebalancing" in bilateral vocal cord paralysis?].

BACKGROUND: Upper airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis in an 80-year-old female patient was successfully relieved by injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) into the laryngeal adductor muscles. The patient achieved satisfactory airway ventilation. Spirograms obtained preoperatively and postoperatively documented improved peak flow rates and 1-s forced expiratory volume values. Voice quality was breathy after the injection; however, neither aspiration nor dysphagia developed. Surprisingly, the maximum phonation time increased. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a follow-up check 4 months later, the patient still reported less dyspnea although the vocal cords were closer together than initially after the injection. The decrease in dyspnea as reported by the patient lasted approximately 2 years. RESULTS: The improvement in breathing following injection of BTA can be interpreted as a paralysis or weakening of the laryngeal adductors. However, it remains unclear why the maximum phonation time increased. Comparable findings, i.e., improvement in overall laryngeal function, are described in the literature as BTA-mediated laryngeal rebalancing.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Quantitative analysis of MRI intensity in of the major petrosal nerve in patients with idiopathic facial paralysis].

The objective of this study was to evaluate signal intensity increases in the greater petrosal nerve after contrast agent administration to gather information on the etiology of idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis. Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 18 patients who received inpatient medical treatment for acute peripheral facial nerve palsy. Images of intratemporal segments of the facial nerve were taken with a slice thickness of 0.75 mm. After multiplanar reconstruction, regions of interest (ROI) were defined in the proximal segment of the greater petrosal nerve. After multiplanar reconstruction, it was possible to visualize the greater petrosal nerves of all 18 patients. The nerve's average diameter was found to be 0.68 mm (range 0.5-0.9). Signal intensity increased by an average of 50.3% (range -10-146%) after contrast agent administration. Whereas this intensity was slightly reduced in two patients, it was increased in 16. No correlation could be established between greater signal intensity and medical history, clinical condition, laboratory findings, or electrophysiological data. In contrast to quantitative measurements in the facial nerve, ROI measurements in the greater petrosal nerve do not correlate with medical history, clinical condition, or laboratory findings. For this reason, MRI of this nerve does not enable us to draw conclusions on the etiology of idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery: ventilatory assistance by nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure.

The case of an 8-month-old boy with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis after surgical reoperation for congenital heart disease is presented. In order to avoid repeated intubation and long-term mechanical ventilation or tracheotomy, we used nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as an alternative method for assisted ventilation. Within 24 hours the boy accepted the nasal mask and symptoms such as dyspnea and sweating disappeared. Respiratory movements became regular and oxygen saturation increased. Nasal mask CPAP may serve as an alternative treatment of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in infants, thereby avoiding tracheotomy or long-term mechanical ventilation.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1998

Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT in patients with hemiconvulsions followed by Todd's paralysis.

We performed technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene- amineoxime (Tc-HMPAO) single photon emission computed tomography in two patients with prolonged hemiconvulsions followed by transient hemiparesis (Todd's paralysis). In both cases, a prolonged post-ictal cerebral hyperperfusion state of approximately 24 h was observed, even after the neurological deficits had resolved. The cerebral hyperperfusion in both cases was of much longer duration than that in previously reported cases of single and uncomplicated focal seizures. The prolonged cerebral hyperperfusion might have been due to impairment of the cerebrovascular autoregulation in seizures followed by Todd's paralysis.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed2006

Hysterical paralysis.

Hysterical paralysis is an uncommon type of conversion disorder. It can be difficult to diagnose. In cases in which symptoms are difficult to explain neuroanatomically or are functionally inconsistent, hysteria should enter into the differential diagnosis. We report a case of hysterical paralysis that had rapid improvement using physical therapy and antidepressant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery in children: incidence, prognosis and surgical management.

Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) after cardiac surgery is an important complication especially in infants. We analyzed the incidence, clinical course, surgical management and follow up of the patients with DP, retrospectively. Between 1996 and 2005, 3,071 patients underwent cardiac surgery. Total number of patients with DP was 152 (4.9%). Out of 152 patients, 42 were surgically treated with transthoracic diaphragm plication (1.3%). The overall incidence of diaphragm paralysis was higher in correction of tetralogy of Fallot (31.5%), Blaloc-Taussig (B-T) shunt (11.1%) and VSD closure with pulmonary artery patch plasty (11.1). The incidence of DP which require plication was higher in B-T shunt (23.8%) arterial switch (19%) and correction of tetralogy of Fallot (11.9%). Mean and median age at the time of surgery were 17.8 +/- 3.6 and 6 months, respectively. Median time from cardiac surgery to surgical plication was 12 days. Indications for plication were repeated reintubations (n = 22), failure to wean from ventilator (n = 12), recurrent lung infections (n = 5) and persistent respiratory distress (n = 3). Mortality rate was 19.1%. Being under 1 year of age, pneumonia and plication 10 days after mechanical ventilation were associated with higher incidence mortality (P < 0.05). Phrenic nerve injury is a serious complication of cardiac surgery. It is more common after some special procedures. Spontaneous recovery is very rare. Being under 1 year of age, plication after 10 days from the surgery and pneumonia are major risk factors for mortality even in plicated patients. Transthoracic plication is helpful if performed early.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Intracordal autologous fat injection for aspiration after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.

The present prospective study was designed to analyze the results achieved with intracordal autologous fat injection for aspiration in a series of 20 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Swallowing was documented by having each patient swallow puréed food colored with methylene blue during nasofibroscopy. No laryngeal adverse effects were associated with the intracordal injection of fat. One patient developed an abdominal hematoma at the donor site. The intracordal injection of autologous fat after 1 year resulted in an 85% successful rehabilitation of swallowing. One of the three patients who failed the initial rehabilitation of swallowing was managed successfully with reinjection of autologous fat, resulting in a 90% definitive successful rehabilitation of swallowing. In all patients, speech and voice were immediately improved after the intracordal injection of autologous fat. Objective acoustic recordings documented the improvement in selected speech and voice parameters when compared with pretreatment data. Our presented experience shows that the intracordal autologous fat injection is a safe and valuable treatment option in patients with aspiration after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

A case of Moebius syndrome presenting with congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

We describe a female infant with bilateral facial paralysis and abducens palsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Moebius syndrome presenting with congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis (CBVCP). Although CBVCP can be part of a recognizable syndrome, i.e. Down syndrome, 22q deletion syndrome, Robinow's syndrome and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome, no reports of Moebius syndrome with CBVCP were found in the literature. CBVCP is often associated with central nervous system abnormalities. However, our patient had no detectable brain abnormalities. The etiology of Moebius syndrome remains unknown. It is interesting that the clinical manifestations of Moebius syndrome can include CBVCP. However, the pathophysiology of CBVCP is unknown and further investigations into the etiology of Moebius syndrome are required.

Anticonvulsants↗