Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Salmonella serovars defined in Poland].

One hundred and sixty nine serovars of Salmonella, belonging to 28 different O groups, were defined in the National Salmonella Centre. All the serovars were isolated in Poland. Above 70% (121/169) of them belonged to five O groups--O:4 (31 serovars), O:7 (28 serovars), O:8 (27 serovars), O:3,10 (20 serovars) and O:9 (15 serovars). Other O groups were represented by some (1 to 8) serovars. All the serovars were described according to the changes in taxonomy of the genus Salmonella and in serovars nomenclature. These changes, proposed by WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella (Paris, France), reflect the recent advances in Salmonella taxonomy.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

[The contamination of white-tailed sea eagles with organochlorines in Poland].

The residues of PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, HCBz, PCBz, CHLs, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, isodrin, endosulfan 1, endosulfan 2, mirex, TCPM-H and TCPM-OH were determined in breast muscles and an egg of white-tailed sea eagles collected in Poland in 1991-1995. The method of measurement was capillary gas chromatography and low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) after a non-destructive extraction, clean-up and fractionation of the sample. Only aldrin, endrin, endosulfan 1 and endosulfan 2 were absent in birds and egg examined. Some of the adult white-tailed sea eagles collected dead from the coastal area of the Baltic Sea still remain relatively high contaminated with organochlorines, and the concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in those birds ranged between 2300-2600 and 490-2000 micrograms/g lipids, respectively. In dead egg concentration of PCBs was 390 micrograms/g lipids (25 micrograms/g wet weight), while of DDTs 270 micrograms/g lipids (18 micrograms/g w.w.).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Assessment of carcinogenic effect of aluminosilicate ceramic fibers produced in Poland. Animal experiments].

The effect of aluminosilicate ceramic fibres produced in Poland was assessed. The experiment was performed on two animal species: Wistar rats and BALB/C mice. The animals were administered intraperitoneally the studied fibres and krokidolit UICC--in doses of 25 and 5 mg and left for survival. All dead and sacrificed animals were examined histopathologically. Carcinogenic properties of ceramic aluminosilicate fibres were found to be rather weak. Only in 1 (2.5%) of 39 rats under study benign mesothelioma of tunica vagiualis testis was diagnosed. Peritoneal mesothelioma was found in none of 50 mice studied. For comparison the effect of krokidolit UICC was assessed. Krokidolit UICC is characterised by strong carcinogenic properties. It induced peritoneal mesothelioma in 43 mice (44.2%) and in 29 (80.5%) of 36 rats under study.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2000

Organochlorine pesticides concentration in the drinking water from regions of extensive agriculture in Poland.

Considerable amounts of organochlorine pesticides (DDT, lindane, heptachlor and methoxychlor) were detected in drinking water samples during a two-year study in Warka-Grojec rural region of Poland. The average incidence of drinking water sources with detectable levels of pesticides ranged from 20 to 30%. According to Polish regulations concerning water quality, individual concentrations did not reach the maximum admissible level. However, the levels of pesticides in most cases exceeded the maximum admissible concentrations recommended by the European Union

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

[Bacteriophage types of Salmonella enteritidis occurring in Poland in 1986-1995].

The Lalko phages collection was used to phage type a total of 517 Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from food-poisoning outbreaks (312 strains) and other common sources (205 strains) in Poland, during the years 1986-1995. Above 99.0% of all strains tested were recognized as belonging to definitive phage type. Phage types 1, 6 and 7 were predominant. The strains of type 1 and 7 were most numerous. Of the 517 examined strains 312 were isolated from 46 food-poisoning outbreaks. Most of them came from the one phage type outbreaks; 8 mixed outbreaks were noted. The greatest number of the food-poisoning outbreaks was caused by Salmonella Enteritidis phage types 1, 6 and 7. Phage type 16 was isolated from persons for the first time.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1999

[Comparative analysis of bone mineral composition in human archeological material taken from different regions of Poland].

The actual paper presents the method and results of studies covering the mineral composition of the skulls of humans in the archaeological material stemming from different regions of Poland. The concentration of fluoride, zinc, iron, manganese, lead, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was determined in 248 skulls. Distribution of individual burial sites providing the study material is presented in Fig. 1. The material was divided into four groups in relation to the place of deposition and in relation to the soil composition. Macro-, microelements determined by the method of atom absorption, phosphate by colourometric method, fluoride by potentiometric method. It has been disclosed that the bony material at the burial site is subjected to processes of fossilisation--replacing the organic matter by mineral one under definite soil conditions. The soil composition is the factor that influences the mineral composition of the bones in case of the following elements: zinc, manganese, lead, magnesium (Tab. 1). No influence was exerted by components contained in the soil on the determined concentrations of fluoride and iron in bones being explored from human skulls originating from archaeological excavation, undergo dynamic transformations in their mineral composition during their deposition in the soil. With the lapse of the time the content of fluoride (Tab. 2), magnesium (Tab. 7), calcium (Tab. 8), phosphate (Tab. 9) increases, while that of zinc (Tab. 3), iron (Tab. 4), manganese (Tab. 5) and lead (Tab. 6) decreases. The end concentration of elements in the archaeological bony material results from the following processes, namely: Cumulation, the example of which is the change in the concentration of fluoride, washing out the components of bone into the soil, to which the compounds of iron and manganese are subjected, compensations of concentrations of the bone soil border. That process took place in the case involving the changes in concentration of zinc, lead, magnesium, calcium and phosphate.

Archaeology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the possibility of using the National Cancer Registry for survival analysis of children and youth with selected malignancies--leukemias and lymphomas during 1990-1995 in Poland].

There are about 1400 new cases of cancer and almost 600 deaths from cancer a year in children and youth aged between 0-19 in Poland. Leukaemias and lymphomas comprise 37.8% of the total number of cases and 43.3% of the total number of deaths from cancer. The National Cancer Registry is the unique data source of the incidence of cancer as well as further health information in particular the fact of death. In this research, pioneer attempt of using Registry data to conduct survival analysis in children and youth with leukaemias and lymphomas has been undertaken. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves methods were used. Organizational and clinical conclusions have been formulated. Organizational conclusions concern mainly the principles of conducting the Registry namely introducing of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) and extending the period of observation from 2 to 5 years. The leading clinical conclusions are: lack of improvement in prognosis in the 6 years period from 1990 to 1995 and crucial importance of early diagnosis of oncological disease for survival time. Further clinical conclusions concerning the impact of treatment cannot be made on the basis of the Registry data.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the possible use of the National Cancer Registry for survival analysis of children and youth with selected malignant neoplasms--tumors in 1990-1995 in Poland].

This paper is the continuation of previous research described in the article "Evaluation of the possibility of using the National Cancer Registry in survival analysis of children and youth with selected malignancies-leukaemias and lymphomas in 1990-1995 year in Poland" on the basis of the National Cancer Registry data concerning tumours. Tumours comprise 62.0% of total number of cases and 56.6% of total number of deaths from cancer in children and youth. Modern methods of statistical analysis such as Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves method have been used. The conclusion formulated in the previous paper is still valid. Despite the fact that the Registry is not designed for survival analysis, they are possible and are the basis of many important findings. The crucial factor for the value of the Register in the time of advanced statistical analysis and computer methods is organisation of the Registry and data quality. Organizational and clinical conclusions have been formulated. Organizational conclusions concern mainly the principles of conducting the Registry namely introducing of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) and extending it from 2 to 5 years the period of observation. The leading clinical conclusions are: lack of improvement in prognosis in the 6 years period 1990-1995 and crucial importance of early diagnosis of oncological disease for survival time. Further clinical conclusions concerning the impact of treatment cannot be stated on the basis of the Registry data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Mortality of workers at two asbestos-cement plants in Poland.

To assess mortality rate among workers occupationally exposed to asbestos, cohort studies were carried out in two asbestos cement plants operating since the 1960s. Asbestos cement sheets for roofing and siding have been manufactured there, using mostly chrisotile, and since 1985 also crocidolite for pressure pipes. In all, the cohort comprised 3,220 workers, including 2,616 male workers. Subject to consideration were the workers employed for at least three months in the period between the onset of the production and 1980. The vital status of the subjects was traced up to 31 December 1991. The availability of the cohort was 96.8%. Workers' mortality was analysed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The reference group was the general population of Poland. In the male cohort, 385 cases of death were recorded. Statistically significant excess of mortality from large intestine cancer (7 cases, SMR = 264) and pleural mesothelioma (5 cases, SMR = 2846) was found. In male workers who died from pleural mesothelioma the work history ranged from 12 to 26 years. An excess mortality from pleural mesothelioma was also noted among the female workers (2 cases, SMR = 11,275). No malignant neoplasms of other locations produced significant excess mortality either in the male or female workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Primary and acquired drug resistance of tuberculosis bacilli in Poland].

Information about resistant pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates against antituberculon drugs is a very important part of tuberculosis control and indicates the directions of TB policy in each country. Poland joined WHO/IUATLD global project on drug resistance surveillance, and carried out the first prospective survey, simultaneously on primary and acquired drug resistance of tuberculosis patients according WHO/IUATLD recommendations. The programme covered the whole country, basing on cooperation between the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) with regional TB laboratories. Questionnaires and cultures were obtained from patients who excreted TB bacilli during the period from 1 November 1996 to 1 November 1997 (12 months). Drug susceptibility testing to INH, SM, EMB and RMP were performed on Lowenstein-Jensen medium according to the proportion method or/and radiometric Bactec 460 TB system. 3970 TB patients bacteriologically confirmed by culture were included in a one-year study. The male to female ratio was 2.6:1. Patients were at the age of 6 to 83 years. Majority of patients (86% males and 77% of females) was older than 35 years. Primary resistance to any drug was found in 3.6% of new cases and 2.4% of those patients who excreted monoresistant strains. No monoresistance to EMB was found. 18 patients (0.6%) were infected by MDR strains. Total resistance in new cases was for INH--2.6%, for SM--1.8%, for RMP--0.7% and for EMB--0.1%. Acquired resistance to any drug was found in 17.0% of treated. Majority of patients--7.7% excreted monoresistant strains. 7.0% were infected by MDR strains. Total resistance to INH was 14.8%, to SM--9.2%, to RMP--7.8%, and to EBM--2.5%. No correlation was found between sex and primary resistance rates. Among new cases, 3.7% of males and 3.3% of females were infected with resistant strains. However, among treated patients, males (20%) excreted resistant strains twice as much as females (9.1%). Mean age of women and men infected with primary and acquired resistant strains was similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Infectious diseases in Poland in 1998].

Epidemiological situation of majority of infectious diseases in Poland was in 1998 consecutively improved. Decrease of incidence of infectious hepatitis type A and B was noted as well as of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. Percentage of deaths caused by infectious diseases decreased to 0.6%. Sustaining of such positive trends will require first of all continuation of preventive immunizations at present level, improvement of laboratory diagnoses, but also an improvement of identification of diseased and infected peoples and also notification of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Demographic condition of Poland in years 1950-1998 and prognosis of its development up to the year 2050].

Proper evaluation of epidemiology data for a country requires knowledge of its demographic background. The most relevant data related to demographic structure and migration in 1950-1998 were chosen as a reference for epidemiological analysis. The review includes demographic prognoses developed in authors program of employees of Główny Urzad Statystyczny (National Office for Statistics) in Poland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Current status of immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in Poland].

The estimated incidence of Hib infections in Poland is about 29/100,000 children below 5 years of age (like in UK), the number of invasive infections particularly of purulent Hib meningitis is about 425-850 cases yearly. It indicates on necessity of immunisation against Haemophilus influenzae type B. The first own experience in vaccination with TetractHib or ActHib in 368 infants confirmed its safety in agreement with large studies of many foreign authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of IgG antibodies response to Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in populations of wild rodents from Mazury lakes district region of Poland.

Three rodent species: Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis and Microtus arvalis from Mazury Lakes District of Poland were examined for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi by enzyme-labelled protein G assay (ELGA). C. glareolus had an exceptionally high prevalence of B. burgdorferi antibodies - 58%, but A. flavicollis and M. arvalis also showed significant prevalence of 16.6% and 10.5%, respectively. The ELGA method is highly specific with good reproducibility. Nevertheless, some differences of sensitivity of assessed samples were season dependent. However, high seroprevalence did not coincide with infestation rates of examined rodents by I. ricinus ticks. The results indicated that in Mazury Lakes District, naturally infected rodents play an important role as an animal reservoir host for B. burgdorferi, and these animals may increase the risk of human infections in some habitats used as recreation areas. Also, this study shows that ELGA method based on the affinity of protein G for IgG of wild animals may be widely used to determine the competent zoonotic reservoir of B. burgdorferi.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytoses among farmers and non-farmers in Eastern Poland.

The study was aimed at assessing the frequency of zoophilic and geophilic fungal infections among farmers compared to non-farmers in eastern Poland. The study was carried out on adult patients with a suspicion of fungal infection of skin or its appendages. Skin scrapings or nail fragments were cultured on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide for at least 3 weeks, and then identified based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. In total, 116 subjects were included into the farmers group, 67 females and 49 males, aged 18-88 (median 53) years. Dermatophyte infection was found in 64 farmers (55.2%). Anthropophilic dermatophytes were identified in 61 farmers (52.6%), whereas zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes - in only 5 farmers (4.3%). Trichophyton verrucosum was found in 3 cases, while T. terrestrae and Microsporum gypseum - 1 case each. The control group comprised 74 non-farmers, 40 females and 34 males, aged 18-93 (median 47) years. Among them, dermatophyte infection was found in 35 (47.3%) patients. Anthropophilic dermatophytes were identified in 30 (40.5%), whereas zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes in 6 persons (8.1%): M. canis in 2 patients, and T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (granulosum), M. nanum, and T. terrestrae - 1 case each. There were no significant differences between farmers and non-farmers. Zoophilic and geophilic fungi identified in our study were responsible either for superficial mycosis and/or onychomycosis, no case of deep mycoses or scalp infections were found. Our data suggest that zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytoses are not frequent among eastern-Polish farmers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection--a comparative study in central eastern Poland (1990-1999).

A comparative seroepidemiological study (1990 vs. 1998/99) on HAV infection, was carried out in population from middle-eastern Poland. Anti-HAV was tested in 1450 subjects from 0 to over 50 years of age and the results were compared with those observed in 1990, in 1000 individuals of the same age range and from the same geographical area. Overall anti-HAV prevalence was 58.4% in 1990 vs. 30.6% in 1998/99. This decline of HAV infection in Polish population indicates that the number of non-immune adults is increasing, with higher risk of symptomatic infection in the near future. The surveillance and prevalence data presented here have implications for developing the strategy for use of hepatitis A vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Diseases, accidents and injuries among travelers in Poland.

A survey was conducted among a group of people who traveled from Poland abroad, and who were insured before leaving the country, and in case of illness or injury claimed the costs of treatment providing medical documentation. The risk of disease and injury among these travelers was estimated. Among 336,254 travelers, there were 2,411 cases of disease and 789 cases of injury, during their mean period of travels and stay abroad of about 3 weeks (20,63 days). In the surveyed group, there were 24 cases of fatal disease and 7 cases of fatal injuries recorded. The incidence per 100,000 was calculated.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in children and youth of Poland].

After the Second World War tuberculosis was a very serious health problem in Poland. Tuberculosis in children and youth constituted an important part of the morbidity in the whole population. In 1957 almost 27% of newly detected cases concerned children (19.9%) and adolescents (7%). This percentage decreased systematically through 15.1% in 1965 to 3,0% of total morbidity in 1999 (0.8% in children aged 0-14 and 2.2% in youth aged 15-19 years). Improvement was also observed in the general tuberculosis morbidity rate. The number of new cases diagnosed in 1965 was 57511 (morbidity rate per 100000 population was 182.6) and in 1990 the number of new cases diagnosed was 16136 (morbidity rate 42.3 per 100000 population). In 1999 - 12179 new cases in the whole population were registered (morbidity rate 31.5 per 100000 population). The decrease of morbidity in children and adolescents was more rapid than in adults (mean value 8.9%). The number of new tuberculosis cases diagnosed in 1965 in the age group 0-14 was 4248, (43.5 per 100000 population) and fell to 108 new cases in 1999 (1.4 per 100000 population). In the 15-19 years age group in 1965 - 3621 new cases were diagnosed (125.2 per 100000 population) and in 1999 - 265 new cases (8 per 100000 population) were detected. The most common form of tuberculosis in children and in youth as well as in adults is pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗