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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The dental anthropological study on the erupted mesiodens in the Paiwan tribe of Formosan aborigines].

Mesiodens is one supernumerary tooth which appears in upper intra-central incisors. This tooth was originally described by Bolk (1917) who proposed the term 'mesiodens'. We investigated the incidence of mesiodens for the Paiwan tribe of Formosan aborigines (9 tribes) living in the mountain area of Taiwan. We have been continued to research on these tribes as viewed from dental anthropology. The materials used in this study were plaster casts of 152 males and 238 females (dental age: IIIA or over). The samples of the Paiwan tribe were selected from the dental casts obtained at Taitung and Pingtung (Machia and Wutai) in southern Taiwan. The results were as follows: 1. The occurrence of the erupted mesiodens in the upper incisal region was five cases (3.3%) in males, but was none in females. This tendency of incidence was much the same as that of Japanese. 2. The mesiodens was of rudimentary form: four cases (80%) showed conical-shaped type and the rest case was the sort of incisor. 3. In the incidence of the erupted mesiodens, the Paiwan tribe showed significantly higher than Japanese.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of scoliosis using Harrington instrumentation and arthrodesis. A comparison of 2 series with and without sublaminar segmental wiring].

The use of sublaminar segmental wires to enhance the stability of Harrington instrumentation was assessed in a review of our experience in the treatment of scoliosis over the last 6 years. Thirty patients were treated by spinal fusion, Harrington instrumentation and a prolonged postoperative period of immobilisation, initially in a plaster cast and then in a brace (Group 1). A further 29 patients have been treated by augmenting the Harrington instrumentation with sublaminar segmental wires (Group 2). Post-operatively, this group was left free of any brace or cast and early mobilisation was allowed. We observed no neurological complication in either group. The blood loss and the duration of the operation were greater in Group 2, but the period of hospitalisation and time to return to school has been markedly reduced. There has been no significant difference in the degree of correction of the scoliosis between the groups, but the improvement in kyphosis was greater with the use of sublaminar wires. There were no pseudoarthroses in either group during a minimum follow up of 18 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Resemblance of nonmetrical trait of tooth crown among siblings and between parents and children].

An elaborate observation and comparative study was made on the degree of resemblance among siblings, and parents and their children employing, as a means of investigation, the tooth crowns of the plaster casts of upper and lower jaws obtained from the inhabitants of Kamiina District, Nagano Prefecture. The comparisons were made between the right and left sides of an individual and also free pairs of individuals taken at random. To reach a decision on the degree of resemblance, the following factors were utilized: the degree of resemblance, interfamily correlation, and the percentage of heredity. Genealogies were also taken into consideration in some cases of tooth crowns. The main point of the results of this study is that the degree of resemblance among siblings, parents and their children differs according to the kind of tooth crown. 1. The degree of resemblance was most remarkable in the case of the following four morphological peculiarities the labial relief of incisors (I1, I2), shovel shaped incisors (I1), basal tubercle (C'), and mesial interstitial tubercle (P1). 2. Not so much as the four morphological peculiarities mentioned above but still considerable was the degree of resemblance on the singular tubercle of the Carabelli tubercle (M1), protostylid (M1), sixth cusp (M1), etc., and the tetracuspid type of the second lower molars, basal tubercle (I1). These were followed by the interstitial tubercle (P2) and the tricuspid type of the second upper molar with only a slight difference. 3. Resemblance of the basal tubercle (I2), Carabelli tubercle (M2), protostylid (M2), sixth cusp (M2), reduction of the upper lateral incisor, or Metacone reduction (M2) was rarely observed. 4. Resemblance between the permanent teeth of a mother and the deciduous teeth of her child was also rare, except the shovel shaped ones. 5. Generally, the degree of resemblance decreased in the following order: between the right and left sides, between siblings, between parents and their children, and finally, among unrelated pairs. Most outstanding was the resemblance between the right and left sides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up after fractures of the tibial and fibular shafts.

Thirty-seven patients who sustained a closed or a Grade-I open tibial and fibular fracture were evaluated an average of twenty-nine years after injury. All of the patients had had uncomplicated treatment with a plaster cast. Clinically, 78 per cent of the ankles were rated good or excellent, and 92 per cent of the knees were rated excellent. Radiographic assessment for osteoarthritic changes revealed a good or excellent result for 76 per cent of the ankles and an excellent result for 92 per cent of the knees. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were unaffected by the amounts of anterior or posterior and of varus or valgus angulation, as well as by the level of the fracture. The length of immobilization, which did not exceed one year, also did not affect the outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of ununited fractures and pseudarthroses of the femoral diaphysis].

The article analyses experience in the treatment of 125 patients with ununited fractures and pseudarthrosis of the humeral diaphysis by osteosynthesis with massive compressing metal plates. The possibility of creating the necessary reserve of mechanical stability at the expense of the massive plates and strained fixation allows immobilization in a plaster cast to be avoided in most cases and early motor rehabilitation of the patients to be undertaken. The results were positive in 96.8% of cases, which makes it possible to consider the method to be sufficiently effective in the management of fractures of the humeral diaphysis and their sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus and the leg bones].

In the period from 1983 to May, 1988 229 patients were treated at the 2nd traumatological department of the Podolsk Central Regional Hospital for fractures of the diaphyses of the humerus and leg bones. The method of shortened plaster casts and early function was used among other methods in the treatment of 48 patients. The method requires strict indications with due consideration for the degree of instability, shortens the time of hospital stay by 8-10 days and the period of general incapacity by 15-18 days, and allows the patient's residual working capacity to be put into action early.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography solves problems in orthopedic radiology.

One of the most important developments in orthopedic diagnostic radiology in the past 50 years has been that of computed tomography. The cross-sectional display, the capacity to reformat in other planes, the extreme sensitivity to differences in X-ray beam attenuation, the ability to manipulate the contrasts of the images, and the ability to produce blurless tomographic sections of varying thicknesses while the patient, even in a heavy plaster cast, does nothing more than lie still, are some of the capabilities that have enabled computed tomography to improve the way radiology can help the orthopedic surgeon care for patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Tillaux's fracture].

Tillaux fracture or fracture of the antero-lateral portion of the distal tibia has a vertical fracture line either at the middle of the epiphysis or close to the external malleolus. It is seen around 13-14 years. Distance from the fracture line to the external malleolus depends of the degree of closure of the epiphyseal plate. When the medial aspect of the physis is open, the fracture line is more medial. The location of the fracture line in the epiphysis therefore depends on the maturity of the physis as shown by closure of its medial portion. Tomography is frequently necessary to see the fracture line and mainly to appreciate the fracture gap. If the gap is less than two millimeters non operative treatment with plaster cast is sufficient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of tibial torsion and rotational deformity with a new fluoroscopic technique.

No conventional technique for routine assessment of tibial torsion and the twist of the distal versus the proximal articular axis of the tibia after reduction of a fracture has yet gained general acceptance. Considering the demands for availability, simplicity, applicability, and precision, a new method employing a mobile C-arm fluoroscope equipped with a protractor is used for assessment. After fracture reduction and stabilization by a mechanical method of fixation or by a conservative method with a plaster cast, the rotational situation of the tibia can be determined before the patient leaves the operating room. Measurements can be performed under sterile conditions. The method was applied clinically and in a study of tibial torsion in normal adults. The standard error of a single measurement was less than 1 degree. The maximum difference in tibial torsion between the legs of the same normal individual reached 15 degrees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Static and dynamic forward stability of occupied wheelchairs: influence of elevated footrests and forward stabilizers.

With 20 able-bodied subjects, three hypotheses were tested: (1) that elevating the footrests reduces the forward stability of occupied wheelchairs, (2) that placing simulated plaster casts on the occupant's legs further reduces stability, and (3) that forward stabilizers limit the extent of dynamic forward instability. Static stability was studied on a tilting platform; dynamic stability was tested by having subjects descend a ramp. Elevating one or both footrests and adding one or two simulated casts each significantly reduced static forward stability. During dynamic testing with lowered footrests, only seven subjects tipped forward, and the extent of tip was limited by the footrests. With both footrests elevated, eight subjects tipped transiently, and 12 continued to tip until the footrests hit the floor. With the addition of simulated casts, all 20 subjects tipped fully. Elevating one footrest (with or without a cast) caused only transient tips. On a high-friction floor surface, 19 and 18 subjects (with and without casts) experienced full tips or yawing falls to the side of the elevated footrest. The addition of forward stabilizers prevented wheelchairs from full tips or falls, when the users had both legs elevated, or when one of the users' legs (p less than 0.005), was elevated while located on a high friction floor (p less than 0.005). These findings have implications for wheelchair design and prescription.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of inactivity-induced osteoporosis on the scintigraphic image of bone lesions of the wrist].

In addition to its established oncological indications the sensitivity of bone scintigraphy is of steadily increasing significance in traumatology. Inactivity-induced osteoporosis plays a major role during the immobilization period in the plaster cast. In the region of the joints remodelling intensity may reach such a high level that the non-injured bone shows a higher rate of accumulation than the fracture. This process already begins between the third and fourth week of immobilization. The highest uptake is found after fracture of the scaphoid bone at the end of twelve weeks of immobilization. Control scintigraphies at intervals of several days are indicated to differentiate between various clinical conditions (pseudoarthrosis, activated osteoarthrosis, algodystrophy in case of doubtful x-ray results).

Carpal Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clubfoot: a cord retainer.

Using a cord to retain the surgically corrected clubfoot replaces the need for repeated plaster casts and prolonged orthotics. Cords of braided polyester or nylon suture material 0.5 mm in diameter (a pair or more) were stretched between the fifth metatarsal and the lower metaphysis of the fibula. The required strength of the cord was judged from the initial range of motion (ROM) of the ankle and subtalar joints, and a factor derived from the body weight. The mean follow-up in five patients was 26.8 months (range 18-33 months). The peroneal muscles recovered an average of 9 months (range 7-11 months). Our one failure was caused by inaccurate estimation of cord strength.

Bone Wires↗
PubMed1989

[Double fractures of the bones of the crus and their treatment].

The authors have studied 256 patients with double fractures of the bones of the crus, the basis of the analysis of the causes, the mechanism of the origin and the clinico-roentgenologic picture a classification of the lesions and a number of new methods of treatment have been worked out which provide reposition and fixation of the fragments, prevent the development of early and late complications and contribute to reduction of the terms of treatment and disability. The method of treatment of double fractures of the bones of the crus with permanent skeletal traction has been improved. A method of insertion of metal rods into the tibia in cases of double fractures of the tibia with oblique planes of the fractures has been technically substantiated. A method of intraosseous administration of antibiotics and drugs and a method of subcutaneous fasciotomy (a. c. No. 1113098) with a fasciotome of the author's construction has been proposed. The application of a shock-proof clip of our construction (a. c. No. 310659) and slides in the joints (a device with rollers for a hinged plaster cast) contributed to an early recovery of the support function of the injured extremity. The long-term results of the treatment have been studied in 211 patients with double fractures of the bones of the crus and an analysis of rational use of the proposed methods of treatment has been made. To evaluate the results of the treatment the authors have applied clinical, roentgenologic, electrophysiologic, biomechanical and statistical methods of investigation. The results are positive in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Sarmiento function fracture treatment of the tibia].

Sarmiento's functional brace treatment of tibial bone fractures is introduced and discussed. After fixation with a plaster cast and extension, the injured limb is fitted into a synthetic brace until complete bony union is achieved. Our four years of experience with 73 patients and the distribution of age, sex, localization, and cause are presented, as are the reexamination results. The possible complications and their treatment are demonstrated. The results justify extensive use of this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of fracture of the carpal scaphoid with 4 oblique projections.

Two hundred and nine consecutive patients who suffered acute trauma had their carpal scaphoids examined by a radiographic method comprising 4 oblique projections with 1.4 x magnification. The method proved to be extremely sensitive in the primary diagnosis of scaphoid fracture, as none of 111 patients with normal primary examinations, but persistent soreness, proved to have fractures on control radiographs. A treatment less rigoristic than the traditional plaster cast is suggested when no fracture is shown on primary radiographs obtained by this method.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of the open tibial fracture with the fixateur externe with special reference to osteosynthesis of the fibula].

In the treatment of open fractures of the lower limb and of fractures combined with severe damage of soft tissues, external fixation is favoured. Additional soft tissue damages in the compartments of the lower limb are avoided by using an external fixation in form of a clamp. In defect fractures, shattered fractures and in all fractures in the distal third the stability of clamp fixation is enhanced by plating of the fibula. Furthermore by osteosynthesis the reconstruction of the correct length of the lower limb can be performed. 36 fractures healed definitively in an average of 17.1 weeks by this procedure. Secondary procedures were: 8 cases with decompression of compartments, 11 cancellous bone grafts, 13 fixateur externes were removed because of the infection of the Schanz'screws, and healing was achieved by using a plaster cast. The therapeutical procedure was changed in 5 patients to a plate osteosynthesis and in 8 patients to an intramedullary nail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ankle fractures treated using biodegradable internal fixation.

In order to reduce the resources needed for the removal of metallic fixation devices in fracture treatment, absorbable implants of biodegradable synthetic polymers were developed using self-reinforced lactide-glycolide copolymer and polyglycolide. In a prospective study 102 patients with displaced unimalleolar or bimalleolar fractures of the ankle were managed using internal fixation devices consisting of cylindrical biodegradable implants 3.2 or 4.5 mm in diameter and 50 or 70 mm in length. After open reduction of the fracture a channel was drilled from the tip of the malleolus into the cancellous bone through the fracture surfaces. A biodegradable rod of the same diameter was then tapped into the drill channel to fix the fracture. Postoperatively, the ankle was immobilized by a plaster cast for six weeks. An anatomic initial reduction was achieved in 93 patients (91%). A slight secondary displacement occurred in four patients. In six patients a sinus formation yielding remnants of the degrading implant was seen two to four months after the operation. This minor complication did not influence the union of the fracture or functional recovery. At the one-year follow-up examination there was no change in the ability to participate in sports and other physical activities in 89 patients (87%). The biodegradable fixation method is now the routine approach of the department in treating displaced unimalleolar and bimalleolar ankle fractures. New clinical applications for the implants are under trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Fibular ligament rupture during growth].

In comparison with injuries sustained in adult life, ruptures of the fibular ligaments before growth is complete are more frequently characterized by chondral, osseous and periosteal loosening, which was seen up to the 14th year of age in about 50% of our own population of 129 patients up to the 16th year of life. The average age of patients with osseous and chondral lesions was clearly lower than that of those with periosteal injuries, which was lower than that of patients with inter-ligament ruptures. Accidents at school and during school sports classes were the most frequent cause, being involved in more than 50% of cases; of the various kinds of sport engaged in soccer was the most frequent cause, accounting for 28.8% of all cases. Manual examination of ligamentous stability compared with the opposite side by roentgenoscopy without anaesthesia has proved its worth for a definite diagnosis in fresh injuries. In all cases of evident ligamentous instability operative treatment was indicated, with subsequent immobilization with a plaster cast for 6 weeks. Stable healing of the ligament and a good functional result in all cases as well as a very low rate of complications vindicate this management. Conservative therapy, especially in the age group with normally high activity levels, is now considered correct only in exceptional cases or when operative treatment is refused.

Accidents, Home↗