Embracing an image of the future.
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Results for “Optical Devices”
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VIRTOPSY--scientific documentation, reconstruction and animation in forensic: individual and real 3D data based geo-metric approach including optical body/object surface and radiological CT/MRI scanning.
Until today, most of the documentation of forensic relevant medical findings is limited to traditional 2D photography, 2D conventional radiographs, sketches and verbal description. There are still some limitations of the classic documentation in forensic science especially if a 3D documentation is necessary. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate new 3D real data based geo-metric technology approaches. This paper present approaches to a 3D geo-metric documentation of injuries on the body surface and internal injuries in the living and deceased cases. Using modern imaging methods such as photogrammetry, optical surface and radiological CT/MRI scanning in combination it could be demonstrated that a real, full 3D data based individual documentation of the body surface and internal structures is possible in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner. Using the data merging/fusing and animation possibilities, it is possible to answer reconstructive questions of the dynamic development of patterned injuries (morphologic imprints) and to evaluate the possibility, that they are matchable or linkable to suspected injury-causing instruments. For the first time, to our knowledge, the method of optical and radiological 3D scanning was used to document the forensic relevant injuries of human body in combination with vehicle damages. By this complementary documentation approach, individual forensic real data based analysis and animation were possible linking body injuries to vehicle deformations or damages. These data allow conclusions to be drawn for automobile accident research, optimization of vehicle safety (pedestrian and passenger) and for further development of crash dummies. Real 3D data based documentation opens a new horizon for scientific reconstruction and animation by bringing added value and a real quality improvement in forensic science.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Gaussian broad-beam excimer laser: clinical and experimental results.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the mid-term (1-3 years) results of the Gaussian broad-beam excimer laser Delivery System (DS) after single treatment for the correction of myopia. To study the corneal surface with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after excimer laser ablation using a flying spot delivery system (Bausch & Lomb) and a Gaussian Delivery System (GDS) (InPro). METHODS: The 1035 consecutive eyes studied were split in four groups with respect to the treated myopia, expressed in spherical equivalent: low myopia up to -3.00 D (183 eyes), moderate myopia from -3.25 D to -6.00 D (540 eyes), high myopia from -6.25 D to -10.00 D (210 eyes) and very high myopia from -10.25 D to -20.00 D (102 eyes). Four post-mortem eyes of two donors were treated using the flying spot DS on one eye and the GDS on the other eye. RESULTS: We achieved postoperative spheriqual equivalent within +/- 1 D of emmetropia in respectively 99.1%, 98.9%, 83% and 21% of the eyes of group 1, 2, 3 and 4. UCVA was 10/10 or better in respectively 65%, 51% and 19% of group 1, 2 and 3. UCVA was 5/10 or better in respectively 86% and 75% of group 3 and 4. The defocus equivalent refraction was 1.0 or less in respectively 98%, 93%, 62%, and 7% of the four groups. On SEM, the corneal surface presented a smooth and polished profile for the GDS. CONCLUSIONS: The Gaussian Delivery System gives comparable results to the flying spot laser system for surface laser ablation in myopic eyes up to -10 D. Advantages of this system are: smooth ablation surface, short treatment time, low haze rate, high reliability and easy maintenance of the device due to the optical DS. It is an interesting alternative for the more complex mechanical DS.
Follow-Up Studies↗
Electronically signed documents in health care--analysis and assessment of data formats and transformation.
OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to analyze and assess data formats for their suitability for conclusive and secure long-term archiving and to develop a concept for legally secure transformation of electronically signed documents that are not available in data formats appropriate for long-term archiving. METHODS: On the basis of literature review and Internet searches we developed general evaluation criteria to assess data formats with regard to their suitability for conclusive and secure long-term archiving. The assessment of data formats refers to format specifications and available literature. For the analyses of the transformation of signed documents we analyzed legal requirements on the basis of laws and ordinances as well as technical requirements by means of literature reviews, Internet searches and technical specifications. RESULTS: The following evaluation criteria are suited for this kind of assessment of data formats: transparency and standardization, stability, presentation and security. According to our assessment the following data formats are most suitable for conclusive and secure long-term archiving: PDF for formatted and unstructured text documents, XML for markup languages, TIFF for images in general, DICOM for medical images and S/MIME for the storage of e-mail. To transform electronically signed documents we propose an elementary procedure and universal basic model in form of an XML schema definition that includes the necessary legal and technical information. CONCLUSIONS: If electronic documents are to replace paper-based documents in patient records, they have to conform to the criteria for secure long-term archiving. The analyzed data formats are to be extended by mechanisms to guarantee the long-term security of electronic signatures. To transform large quantities of documents in a legally secure way, our basic model has to be extended for automated procedures.
Archives↗
The Department of Veterans Affairs Optical Patient Card Workstation.
The Department of Veterans Affairs has developed an optical patient card application which will undergo alpha testing in 1991. The optical cards are carried by patients and contain administrative, clinical, and image information. An optical patient card workstation (OPCW) will read/write these cards and pass this information to the VA Decentralized Hospital Computer Program (DHCP), the VA's health care information system. The intent of this work is to study the potential benefits of this technology to the VA's distributed health care network, with a large mobile patient population. It is hoped that the use of optical cards and the OPCW will enhance clinicians ability to work with a timely composite health record, and expedite the administrative workload of the medical center.
Computer Communication Networks↗
[Magneto-optical disk filing system for oral diagnostic reports and their synchronized images].
The rewritable and compact media of magneto-optical disk (MOD) is firstly applied to store medical images with spoken reporting. The MOD has multi-media function of communication and filing. Our system is optimized in terms of recording length of speech based upon our clinical research. The results will have influences over the future PACS. One of their examples is possibility of multimedia PACS with images, speeches and demographic data. Another example is prevention of dispersion of images which have no interpretations by radiologists. Our next step is to recognize filed speech in background processing for printing reports.
Optical Storage Devices↗
[Color-Doppler study of the velocity profile of the left ventricular outflow tract in normal subjects and in patients with valvular aortic stenosis].
A better understanding of the velocity profiles in the cardiac chambers and great vessels should allow more accurate estimation of cardiac output and valve surface area by Doppler echocardiography. The velocity profile in the left ventricular outflow tract was studied by Colour Doppler in 12 patients with pure valvular aortic stenosis with normal left ventricular function and compared with a control population of 12 normal subjects. The selected recordings were digitised and stocked on a laser optic disc. Measurement of the angle of incidence of the line of colour aliasing with respect to the interventricular septum was performed manually on a colour video display unit. A program of digitised image processing allowed the tracing of the axes of reference defining the angle of incidence measured at peak systole. The average angle of incidence was 40.7 +/- 5.6 degrees in the control population and 56.8 +/- 6.8 degrees in aortic stenosis; therefore, in this condition, the angle was significantly flatter (less acute) (p less than 0.001). The correlation between the angle of incidence and the transvalvular pressure gradient was poor (r = 0.24). These results suggest that: real time ambulatory analysis of isovelocity profiles in the left ventricular outflow tract is possible by using the phenomenon of colour aliasing: the presence of an obstacle to left ventricular ejection tends to flatten the velocity profile, justifying the use of the continuity equation in patients with calcific aortic stenosis but questioning its systematic use in control populations of normal subjects used as a reference.
Adolescent↗
A randomized, controlled application of the Wallaby phototherapy system compared with standard phototherapy.
The feasibility and efficacy of a fiberoptic blanket (Wallaby Phototherapy System) for the treatment of physiologic jaundice was compared with conventional phototherapy. Forty-two full-term infants with nonhemolytic jaundice were included in the study. Infants in the study group were treated with the fiberoptic blanket and the infants in the control group were placed under a standard phototherapy unit. Both the fiberoptic blanket and the standard phototherapy unit delivered an average irradiance of 7.0 +/- 0.5 muw/cm2/nm. Incremental changes in serial plasma bilirubin levels compared with the initial bilirubin concentration did not differ between the study and control groups. For infants whose initial plasma bilirubin concentration exceeded 200 mumol/L, a statistically significant difference was found in both study and control groups between the average bilirubin level at initiation of phototherapy and the average bilirubin level at termination of treatment. We conclude that phototherapy delivered by the fiberoptic blanket is safe and has efficacy comparable to that of conventional phototherapy, providing a convenient alternative phototherapy application strategy that obviates the need for eye patches and facilitates maternal handling of the infant during therapy.
Bedding and Linens↗
The optical memory card: a portable medical record.
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CD-ROM↗
Optical disk storage and retrieval for medical records document management.
This paper describes the REPLICA System as it is used at Regional West Medical Center in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. The paper discusses the current health care environment, and it gives a perspective on the medical record and the status of optical technology. Manual procedures at Regional West Medical Center are reviewed along with the changes in procedures after the implementation of REPLICA. The benefits and savings are included.
Archives↗
[Intraosseous osteosynthesis in closed diaphyseal fractures of the femur].
The author has substantiated the conditions of rigid osteosynthesis of the femur in its diaphyseal fractures at any level on the basis of anatomic and morphological and biomechanical studies. The operation is performed by a closed or half-open technique without drilling the medullary canal and without employing an electro-optical transducer or other devices and equipment. Rods of titan WT6 alloy with rectangular cross-section are used as intraosseous fixators. The rods are inserted in the antegrade position. They are prepared before the operation from semifinished rods with regard to the individual parameters af the bone 67 patients have been operated. They recovered their working capacity 2-3 months after osteosynthesis. No plaster bandage is applied. The author believes that the aim of osteosynthesis consists in early restoration of the function.
Adolescent↗
Qualitative and quantitative methods for investigating gas emboli in blood.
Methods for investigating gas emboli in blood include timed collection of a sample of blood, with subsequent gravitational separation of bubbles or, for more rapid assessment, measurement of bulk compressibility; examination of small samples (usually taken as slipstreams) by optical or electrical impedance devices; and ultrasonography. No method is overwhelmingly superior to the others, as all have deficiencies. The representativeness of the samples examined is a problem that has frequently been overlooked. Developments in the ultrasonic method, including newer transducer materials and signal processing, promise interesting developments in the next few years.
Blood Specimen Collection↗
[Device for controlling the brightness of end sections of fiber optic bundles].
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Fiber Optic Technology↗
A multiprocessor architecture for medical image compression in a PACS environment.
We present a new multiprocessor architecture for medical image compression using digital signal processors. The system has been designed to be used in a NuBus-based workstation and to apply different image compression algorithms to medical images. The system has been tested with a full-frame cosine transform and bit allocation table on several imaging modalities ranging from ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging. Results show that image quality is acceptable when the allocation tables are calculated for each specific image modality. Implementation of algorithms such as wavelet transforms and vector quantization which respond to the characteristics of each type of image is in progress.
Algorithms↗
Data compression for medical report archiving.
In a hospital environment, where large numbers of reports are compiled, data compression offers a method for substantially reducing the required disk space whilst protecting the confidentiality of patient data. An analysis is given of the most important parameters that influence compression of free-text data, to realize an efficient implementation of an archiving system for medical reports. An overall reduction of the required disk space by more than 50% can be attained, as well as supplementary level of protection. A slight increase in access time is thereby inevitable, but almost insignificant. Such an archiving system constitutes a necessary component for an intelligent information retrieval system. The access to information contained in medical documents (by means of natural language processing and artificial intelligence techniques) is considered to be one of the key issues in the field of medical informatics for the coming decades.
Archives↗
Guideline fourteen: guidelines for recording clinical EEG on digital media. American Electroencephalographic Society.
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Calibration↗
The development and practical use of information systems in the pharmaceutical industry.
To provide information on the efficacy, safety, and quality of medicine promptly and accurately, we have developed two databases: a literature database with numerical data, and a Drug Information database. By an easy-to-use, company-wide information network system, over 1,000 medical representatives in more than 80 offices throughout Japan can retrieve information. Information derived from the system is displayed on the terminal and the original documents are automatically output through a facsimile.
Databases, Bibliographic↗