[Socio-economic differentials in fertility control behavior among Japanese married couples].
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"This article tests the assumption that recent cohorts of migrants from Puerto Rico to the United States are a more select portion of the population, i.e., more educated and professional, than earlier cohorts. In this analysis, the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of three cohorts of Puerto Rican migrants over the last 30 years are compared utilizing data from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses."
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"This article is an analysis of the extent and causes of the emigration from the [former] Soviet Union during [the] past decade.... Attention is paid not only to the total number of persons leaving the country to live permanently abroad but also to age and professional structure of the emigres, to the scope of emigration of not only the Soviet Union as an entity but also of individual union republics.... The article contains data on the number of emigres arriving in Israel during 1919 up to 1991, the data on age structure of immigrants to Israel as well as the structure of emigrants by original employment in the Soviet Union in 1991." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)
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"The present paper attempts to study the levels, trends and determinants of female age at marriage during 1961-81 in Orissa [India] at district level by residential background.... The result shows...a considerable increase in female age at marriage in each of the two successive decades, 1961-71 and 1971-81.... The variable percentage of female workforce in [the] non-agricultural sector seems to be [a] strong determinant of female age at marriage in Orissa." Data are from the 1961, 1971, and 1981 Indian censuses.
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In Tamil Nadu, indigenous Siddha medicine (SM) is officially recognized and extensively used. Yet very little research information or published material is available on the extent of utilization behaviour of Siddha medicine in urban settings. This study examines the current patterns of utilization and consumer behavioural characteristics of SM through a field-based questionnaire survey of a sample of 300 patients attending 15 Siddha clinics in Salem, Tamil Nadu. Four areas were investigated: Socio-economic characteristics of the users; utilization behaviour pattern of patients; reasons for choice of Siddha therapy; opinions, attitudes, perception and satisfaction of users regarding Siddha therapy. The survey points out there is an inverse relationship between the number of patients using SM and income, education and distance travelled. Various factors were cited in choosing SM-such as, effectiveness of treatment, social influences of a relative or friend. Survey indicates that both modern medicine and SM seem to act as supporting rather than as competitive systems in a setting like Salem. People tend to seek both the system in search of a permanent cure.
A group of 630 probands was selected by random sampling and exposed to variance analysis to find out the extent to which extraversion and neuroticism as well as attitudes towards sexuality and gravidity depended on several conditions, such as desired pregnancy, undesired pregnancy, and no pregnancy, and on several demographic parameters, such as age, number of children, marital status, and occupational skills. The results were likely to suggest super-accidental correlations between condition and attitude towards pregnancy, age and extraversion (correlated also with condition), scare of childbirth as well as attitude towards pregnancy and sexuality, occupational skills and neuroticism, timidity as well as attitude towards sexuality and gravidity, marital status and neuroticism as well as scare of childbirth, and, finally, between number of children and scare of childbirth as well as attitude towards sexuality. Practice-related consequences are discussed.
1014 subjects on the island of Sardinia (Italy) were interviewed regarding the habit of clenching and grinding their teeth. They had to specify if this activity occurred during the day, during the night, or both. Other information recorded was their age, gender, marital status, and occupation. Overall prevalence of bruxism was 27.2% (276 subjects). No association was found between bruxism and age, gender and job. Even differentiating diurnal, nocturnal, diurnal and nocturnal bruxism, associations were non-significant. Marital status seems to make some difference: divorced people reported higher parafunctional activity compared to widows and widowers who reported the least. Although awareness of bruxism is not a precise measure of parafunction, based on the results we cannot support the role of stress on bruxism etiology.
Cancer mortality rates vary from area to area. Part of this variation is due to socio-economic characteristics of the area and part to other factors including the availability of health services. Three social indicators associated with cancer mortality are used to estimate variations between low and high census sectors within the metropolitan region of Montreal. The components of socio-economic status which have been used are revenue (median family income), education (college and university level) and occupation (higher status profession). For each of the three zones of the metropolitan area: the city of Montreal, the island of Montreal not included the city of Montreal, the north and south shores of the metropolitan area twenty five census sectors have been chosen which having higher or lower positions for each of the socio-economic components. For each group standardized death rates were evaluated for each type of cancer and the Poisson test was applied to judge whether the differences between the projected rate and the observed rate were significant. The results indicate a strong indirect relation between the standardized mortality rates and the socio-economic status in the central city. In the case of lung cancer, the spatial distribution showed district gradients of occurrence between the central-city and the suburbs.
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