Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OCCUPATION AND PROFESSIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

College students' perceptions of job demands, recommended retirement ages, and age of optimal performance in selected occupations.

Two studies were conducted. In study one 100 participants rated 60 occupations on the amount of cognitive/intellectual, physical, sensory-perceptual, and perceptual-motor demands they perceived as required for successful performance in that particular occupation. Results of a cluster analysis determined four clusters of occupations on the basis of the four demands. These clusters were described as High Risk, Professions, Skilled Trades, and White Collar. Further, for each of the four demands/dimensions, the cognitive/intellectual, physical, sensory-perceptual, and perceptual motor demands were significantly different both between and within clusters. In study two, 100 participants rated the perceived retirement age, and 99 different participants rated the perceived optimal performance age for the 60 occupations employed in study one. Results indicated that age norms for perceived recommended retirement and perceived optimal performance age were differentially correlated across the four clusters of occupations. Perceived retirement age and optimal performance age varied discriminably between occupational clusters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Design of the master's degree in occupational therapy, part 2. An empirical approach.

In this article an empirical approach is used to investigate the master's degree structure in a bachelor's level profession. The literature of nursing, business administration, social work, and physical therapy is reviewed to determine prevailing degree structures and attitudes, evaluate the adequacy of the master's degree structure in occupational therapy, and delineate factors entering into structural decisions. The review demonstrates the feasibility and desirability of requiring basic master's students to meet advanced master's degree criteria. However, it fails to substantiate unreservedly the logical necessity for so doing. Recommendations for educational practice and research are detailed.

Commerce↗
PubMed1995

Developing competency standards for occupational health nurses in Australia.

Standards for occupational health nurses were developed by the Australian College of Occupational Health Nurses principally to assist in maintaining professional competency. The standards were developed in conjunction with the profession, management, unions, and other key groups. The research techniques were a combination of nominal and expert activity and a consultation phase. The standards are organized around nine units of competency (major areas of occupational health nurse practice) with 38 elements and 110 performance criteria. A guideline document on "Assessment of Occupational Health Nurse Competencies" is currently being developed to assist assessors of the competency standards.

Australia↗
PubMed2004

Responses of established healthcare to the professionalization of complementary and alternative medicine in Ontario.

This paper examines the reactions of leaders of established health professions in Ontario, Canada to the efforts of selected complementary and alternative (CAM) occupational groups (chiropractors, naturopaths, acupuncture/traditional Chinese doctors, homeopaths and Reiki practitioners) to professionalize. Stakeholder theory provides the framework for analysis of competing interests among the various groups in the healthcare system. The data are derived from personal interviews with 10 formal leaders from medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, clinical nutrition and public health. We conceived of these leaders as one group of stakeholders, with both common and conflicting interests. The findings demonstrate that these stakeholders are reluctant to endorse the professionalization of CAM. They propose a series of strategies to contain the acceptance of CAM groups, such as insisting on scientific evidence of safety and efficacy, resisting integration of CAM with conventional medicine and opposing government support for research and education. These strategies serve to protect the dominant position of medicine and its allied professions, and to maintain existing jurisdictional boundaries within the healthcare system. The popular support for CAM will require that health professional stakeholders continue to address the challenges this poses, and at the same time protect their position at the apex of the healthcare pyramid.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1990

[Performance spectrum in occupational disability. Causes--occupational groups--age--duration of insurance].

The causes of disability were elaborated in an extensive study. Accidents, coronary heart disease, diseases of the spine, and orthopedic diseases are the four most common diagnoses and account together for 52.4% of all cases of disability. The incidence of other even rarer diagnoses was shown. The average ages differ from diagnosis to diagnosis. While the average of all cases is at age 45.5 years for the beginning of disability and 9.8 years for the duration period there are diagnoses that lead to disability at an earlier age and after a shorter duration period such as for instance schizophrenia, inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies and skin affections. Heart and circulatory diseases and depressions on the other side occur at a later age and after a longer duration period. At the evaluation of risks special attention should be paid to those causes of early disability since they can turn into a claim after a short duration period and therefore can cause great subsequent costs. Some general statements can be made about occupational groups and causes of disability. Diseases of heart and circulation are rarer in physically active occupations such as construction, agriculture, and industry than in white collar workers and liberal professions. On the other side orthopedic diseases and accidents occur more frequently in construction, industry and agriculture. White collar workers tend to have more psychiatric problems which can be explained with a higher potential of conflicts at work.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determinants of professional status among physicians in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: This study explored a number of factors that determine the professional status of physicians in Mexico. METHODS: Using structural equation modelling techniques, causal models were developed to investigate the determinants of professional status within the medical field. RESULTS: The findings suggest that the proposed stratification process in the causal model has empirical support. In the prestige dimension, there is an adscriptive effect of gender, the resultant gender segregated the Mexican medical profession; in addition the achievement effects of medical education and work history within significant occupational and bureaucratic structures. In the economic dimension, the ascriptive effect of gender and the resultant differential in income and job opportunities of female physicians exist. CONCLUSIONS: Although social origin seems to have a weak effect on the dimensions of professional status, it is suggested that both medical education and employment history were both significant positive determinants of professional status in the Mexican medical system. On the other hand, there are still significant gender inequities in the stratification structure of the medical profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pre-service teachers use of and attitudes toward alcohol and other drugs.

Drug attitude and use assessment of 598 undergraduate students revealed attitudinal differences between anticipated occupation groups and drug use patterns that paralleled prior studies which used college student samples. Results are discussed as they pertain to the education of those planning to enter the teaching profession.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A meta-analytic review of occupational commitment: relations with person- and work-related variables.

Relations between occupational commitment (OC) and several person- and work-related variables were examined meta-analytically (76 samples; across analyses, Ns ranged 746-15,774). Major findings are as follows. First, OC was positively related to job-focused constructs such as job involvement and satisfaction, suggesting that attitudes toward the job itself may be a central concern in committing to one's occupation. Second, consistent with previous work, OC and organizational commitment were positively related. This relation was found to be moderated by the compatibility of the profession and the employing organization. Third, OC was positively related to job performance and had an indirect effect on organizational turnover intention through occupational turnover intention. This latter effect suggests that understanding of organizational turnover can be enhanced by incorporating occupation-related variables into turnover models.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Clinical reasoning in medicine compared with clinical reasoning in occupational therapy.

This article highlights some observations made in the American Occupational Therapy Association/American Occupational Therapy Foundation Clinical Reasoning Study, an ethnographic study of 14 occupational therapists working in a large teaching hospital. Concepts and premises that frequently appear in the clinical reasoning in medicine literature are discussed and compared and contrasted to observations and interpretations made of the practice and reasoning strategies of the occupational therapists who were participants in the Clinical Reasoning Study. It is postulated that similarities in the reasoning strategies of the members of the two professions are a result of use of the scientific model that calls for hypothetical reasoning. Differences, it is proposed, are accounted for by the difference in the particular focus, goals, and tasks of the two professions and the nature of the practice in those arenas. Five hypotheses are proposed as questions for further research in clinical reasoning in occupational therapy.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2000

Ergonomics in industrially developing countries: does its application differ from that in industrially advanced countries?

Demographic characteristics of industrially developing countries (IDCs) and some comparisons with industrially advanced countries (IACs), particularly those aspects relevant to ergonomics, are presented. The majority of IDC populations are engaged in subsistence agriculture (the "informal" sector) and consideration is given to the scope for ergonomics interventions, aimed primarily at raising productivity to alleviate the poverty suffered by rural families. Ergonomics issues prevalent in the "formal" sector are also discussed and the importance of finding simple, low-cost solutions through participatory approaches emphasised. The possible contributions of ergonomics to alleviating problems common to both sectors, such as transport, are also indicated and attention is drawn to the difficulties of applying formal standards. The improvement of living and working conditions from incorporating an ergonomics approach into the sustainable livelihoods model, by enhancing human capital, is described in the context of the other livelihood assets. This demonstrates the importance of the cultural dimension for the successful delivery of ergonomics benefits. The application of ergonomics differs between IDCs and IACs particularly through the limited infrastructure in IDCs to support ergonomics activity and interventions. This broaches the different contributions that can be made by ergonomics and occupational health practitioners and implies the need for closer collaboration between these professions.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Models of interprofessional learning in Canada.

This article provides an overview of interprofessional education in Canada, with a view to defining programs at all levels in terms of what models have been employed. The available information implies that the lack of convincing evidence of the effectiveness of existing programs is probably the most serious problem for the expansion of interprofessional education. The objectives of the programs are both to increase the knowledge about the other professions and their scope of practice, and to improve team function, and there are a number of well-established interprofessional programs in Canada that are designed to achieve these objectives, and many other examples of programs that are partial or planned. Despite this, the present interprofessional education initiatives tend to involve only a small proportion of the total health work trainees. There is a need for programs that are more widespread. The most frequent model involves a mandatory experience, which is case-based, involves all the students registered in Health Faculties, and where the students form interprofessional student teams. In addition to examining believable cases, the students also learn some specific information about interacting with the other professions and gain knowledge about the roles, knowledge and contributions that can be made by professions other than their own.

Canada↗