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PubMed1991

Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the pancreas of rats fed choline-devoid or choline-supplemented diets.

Groups of male Fischer 344 rats were chronically fed semipurified choline-devoid or choline-supplemented diets, high in fat (15%), and containing or not containing 0.06% phenobarbital. Atypical acinar cell nodules were observed in the pancreas of the rats, irrespective of the diet fed, with incidences varying from 38% to 100% in the various groups. No consistent differential effects of the dietary treatments on the incidence and growth of the nodules were evident, even though the diameter of the nodules tended to be greater in some of the groups fed the basal choline-devoid diet. The vast majority of the nodules were of the acidophilic type. More advanced pancreatic acinar cell lesions were observed in a few of the rats. Since the rats were not exposed to a chemical carcinogen(s), development of the nodules and of the more advanced lesions, even in rats fed the control diets, was most likely due to evolution of endogenous (spontaneous) initiated pancreatic cells, promoted primarily by the feeding of semipurified diets with a high fat content.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Thyroid nodules. Surgical aspects].

This is a restrospective study of 176 thyroid nodules operated between 1977 and 1990, excluding bilateral goiters. 145 were benign with 111 cold and 34 hot nodules; 31 were cancers. Fine needle biopsy (FNB) is useless in hot nodules. For the cold ones, even in recent series, FNB can give false positive or negative results. This means that the answer of FNB should be closely related to the clinical and US findings. The surgical treatment of thyroid nodules must be a total lobectomy including the isthmus. The recurrent laryngeal nerve must be followed entirely. There was no permanent nerve palsy among the 122 total lobectomies. The risk of developing another controlateral nodule later is low (2/110 cases). It is very difficult to distinguish a follicular cancer from an adenoma on frozen section. For this reason, the patient should be warned that a second operation might be necessary some days later if the definitive diagnosis is a follicular cancer. For a non-invasive and non-metastatic papillary cancer, total lobectomy is sufficient. More advanced papillary and all other thyroid cancers should be treated by a total thyroidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in experimental liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide: a biochemical and enzymehistochemical study.

Micro- and macronodular experimental cirrhosis-like liver lesion was induced in female rats by administration of 0.03% thioacetamide (TAA) in drinking water for 3 or 6 months. The activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and the distribution pattern of this enzyme within the liver structure were investigated 14 d after withdrawal of TAA in comparison to neonatal and adult normal liver. GGT activity was extremely high at birth. Chronic TAA administration led to a strong increase in hepatic GGT activity in dependence on duration of TAA administration in comparison to adult controls. In accordance to these results we observed by enzyme-histochemistry a small to moderate hepatocellular GGT activity after 3 months of TAA treatment. GGT activity was also demonstrable in epithelia of proliferated ductuli biliferi of single enlarged portal tracts. After 6 months of TAA administration the hepatocellular GGT activity was moderate to strong. It was demonstrable both in parenchymal (preneo-plastic) nodules and in cholangiocellular/cholangioductular proliferates. A GGT activity of mesenchymal cells was not demonstrable. We conclude that the increased hepatic GGT activity after chronic TAA administration can be correlated with the process of development of preneoplastic nodules. A relation between increased GGT activity and the process of cirrhogenesis does not seem to be probable in this animal cirrhosis model.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Dermochondral corneal dystrophy (of François).

Dermochondral corneal dystrophy (of François) has been reported rarely in the literature. It consists of a triad of findings characterised by the development of skin nodules, acquired deformities of the extremities, and a corneal dystrophy. The corneal dystrophy is central and superficial with whitish subepithelial opacities. We present two brothers who display previously unreported ocular findings. Specifically, they developed confluent opacification of their central corneas with anterior stromal involvement, and peculiar anterior cortical cataracts. These findings should be added to the spectrum of findings seen in this rare disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sister Joseph's nodule in a liver transplant recipient: Case report and mini-review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Umbilical metastasis is one of the main characteristic signs of extensive neoplastic disease and is universally referred to as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-years-old Caucasian female underwent liver transplant for end stage liver disease due to hepatitis C with whole graft from cadaveric donor in 2003. After transplantation the patient developed multiple subcutaneous nodules in the umbilical region and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. The excision biopsy of the umbilical mass showed the features of a poorly differentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma. Computed tomographic scan and transvaginal ultrasonography were unable to demonstrate any primary lesion. Chemotherapy was start and the dosage of the immunosuppressive drugs was reduced. To date the patient is doing well and liver function is normal. CONCLUSIONS: The umbilical metastasis can arise from many sites. In some cases, primary tumor may be not identified; nonetheless chemotherapy must be administrated based on patient's history, anatomical and histological findings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Three-dimensional arrangement of ductular structures formed by oval cells during hepatocarcinogenesis.

The three-dimensional arrangement of ductular structures formed by oval cells in rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biliary tract casts and light microscopy of sections of liver injected with india ink via the biliary tract. Both resin and india ink were well injected up to bile ductules, and the findings of each method correlated with each other. By the second week after 2-AAF administration, a few oval cells appeared in the periportal areas forming ductular structures which connected with the portal bile ducts. At the 4th week, increased ductular structures occupied two thirds of the lobule and formed networks communicating with each other, and with the portal bile ducts. At the 8th week, such ductular structures were compressed around hyperplastic nodules and appeared like a basket in biliary casts examined by SEM. Although a histochemical study of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase revealed activity both on the luminal side of the ductular structures and hepatocytes in hyperplastic nodules, no transition was observed between these two cell populations. These results suggest that oval cells have characteristics more similar to those of biliary epithelia than of hepatocytes, and have no relation to the development of hyperplastic nodules.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Regulation of the expression of leghaemoglobin genes in effective and ineffective root nodules of soybean.

The expression of leghaemoglobin genes in effective and ineffective (unable to fix nitrogen) root nodules of soybean developed by Rhizobium japonicum strains 61A76, 61A24 and SM5 was measured by using a cDNA probe or a cloned leghaemoglobin sequence and in vitro translation of Lb-mRNA. Hybridization of the poly(A)-containing nodule polysomal RNA from 3-week-old nodules with a kinetically purified Lb-cDNA or with plasmid (pLbl) containing a leghaemoglobin sequence showed that Lb-mRNA is present in ineffective nodules formed by strains SM5 and 61A24 at reduced levels. Of the two major classes of electrophoretically distinguishable leghaemoglobins in soybean, LbS was not synthesized in 3-week-old strain 61A24-induced nodules while both sorts of leghaemoglobin were synthesized and accumulated in ineffective nodules formed by strain SM5 of Rhizobium. Ineffective nodules formed by strain 61A24 are green inside and do not appear to accumulate leghaemoglobin as measured by the haemochromogen assay, although low levels of apoleghaemoglobin were detected using leghaemoglobin antibodies. SM5-induced nodules were found to have about half as much as leghaemoglobin of the of effective (61A76-induced) nodules. This study demonstrates that while the appearance of leghaemoglobin is independent of nitrogenase activity in bacteroids, its synthesis is influenced to different degrees both by a mutation (SM5) and incompatibility (61A24) of Rhizobium. The primary regulation appears to be at the level of transcription or processing of mRNA since ineffective nodules contain Lb-mRNA approximately in proportion to the amount of apoleghaemoglobin present in these nodules.

Gene Expression Regulation↗
PubMed1982

Rat mammary tumors from carcinogen-induced nodules and their responsiveness to ovariectomy.

The research objective was to determine whether DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors derived from transplanted mammary nodules differ in ovarian-responsiveness from tumors originating randomly from in situ mammary parenchyma. Nodule-derived tumors were from hyperplastic alveolar outgrowths in mammary fat pads, which were either first generation outgrowths (primary nodule outgrowths) or generations 3-6 of a tumorigenic nodule line (nodule outgrowth T18). Tumors were induced in primary outgrowths by secondary exposure to DMBA in vivo or in vitro. The nodule line was not re-exposed to DMBA because of its high oncogenicity (80-85%). Despite the histological similarity of the tumor derivatives, primary nodule outgrowths and the nodule outgrowth line developed a higher proportion of ovarian-independent to ovarian-dependent tumors (1:3 and 3:4 respectively) than did in situ mammary tissues (1:9). These results are consistent with the observation that nodule outgrowths were themselves ovarian-independent.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1989

Ethanol treatment inhibits the development of diethylnitrosamine-induced tumors in rats.

Effect of ethanol (20% in drinking water) or acetone (1% in drinking water) treatment was investigated on N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), acetyl-aminofluorene (AAF) and partial hepatectomy (PH) induced hepatic tumors in rats. Simultaneously with the morphological detection of foci and nodules in the liver of the sacrificed rats, the activities of isozymes of cytochrome P450IIE gene subfamily responsible for the oxidation of ethanol or acetone (as aniline hydroxylase) and also the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase were determined. Nodules could be detected after DEN, AAF and PH treatment with and without combination with acetone, however nodules did not developed in ethanol treated animals even 6 months after the DEN injection. As expected acetone or ethanol selectively increased the activity of aniline hydroxylase without a general induction of P-450 enzymes. It is suggested that the induction of P-450IIE isoenzymes per se is not connected to the preventive effect of ethanol on DEN induced carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Expression of p21 in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis and its relation with HBV infection].

Determination of p21, a product of Ha-ras oncogene, and HBsAg in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis etc. was carried out with ABC method. The results showed that HCC tissues exhibited enhancement of p21 expression with a positive rate of 72.4%, which was obviously higher than the expression of p21 in tissues from liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and hepatoblastoma. The p21 positive rate of regenerative cirrhosis nodules close to the HCC was 87.2%. The p21 expression level in HBsAg positive regenerative nodules of cirrhosis close to the HCC was significantly high, and its positive rate reached 93.9%. The expression level of p21 protein in well-differentiated HCC was higher than that of poorly differentiated and undifferentiated HCC. Therefore, the result suggests that the expression level of p21 in liver cirrhosis is related to persistent infection of HBV. The elevated expression of p21 plays an important role in the development of regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis towards HCC, and it is also an important factor in the early stage of HCC development.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1996

An identical effect mediated by thyroid deficiency or oncogene v-erbA in the chick embryo.

We have shown earlier that the association of v-myc and v-erbA (MAHEVA construct) is responsible for the appearance of a specific phenotype in chick embryos inoculated at E3. This phenotype comprises rapidly growing heart rhabdomyomas (induced by v-myc alone) and within these tumors secondarily appearing cartilage nodules (Bachnou et al., Oncogene 6: 1041-1047, 1991). Here we report that v-erbA can be replaced by thyroid deficiency. When decapitated embryos were inoculated with virus MC29 (v-myc alone) or when v-myc inoculated embryos were treated with thiourea, 100% of the embryos reaching E17 to E19 displayed tumoral hearts bearing cartilage nodules. We thus report in vivo evidence that v-erbA acts by antagonizing the effects of thyroid hormones. Remarkably, thyroid deficiency rendered embryos more sensitive to the effect of v-myc, since 100% developed heart rhabdomyomas and cartilage nodules, versus about 70% affected when either v-myc or MAHEVA were inoculated. Thyroid deficiency did not alter the species-specific character of transdifferentiation, since only chick but not quail embryos developed cartilage nodules after thyroidectomy or MAHEVA infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tetracycline for sclerosis of thyroid cysts. A randomized study.

In a prospective study, 53 consecutive patients with solitary thyroid cysts were randomized to ultrasonically guided cyst aspiration and subsequent flushing with isotonic saline (n = 30) or tetracycline hydrochloride (n = 23). The patients were followed up clinically and ultrasonically 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. If the cyst recurred, a repeated treatment was offered. Cure was defined as the absence of any residual nodule and an ultrasonic cyst volume of less than 1 mL 12 months after the last treatment. During follow-up, two patients without recurrence after saline treatment and six patients without recurrence after tetracycline treatment developed solid cold nodules. Fourteen (47%) of 30 patients in the saline group and ten (43%) of 23 patients in the tetracycline group were cured (not statistically significant). Tetracycline does not seem to offer any advantage over isotonic saline in the treatment of thyroid cysts, and some of these patients still need thyroid surgery.

Cysts↗
PubMed2007

Computer-aided diagnosis for improved detection of lung nodules by use of posterior-anterior and lateral chest radiographs.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We developed a computerized scheme for detection of lung nodules in the lateral views of chest radiographs, in order to improve the overall performance in combination with the computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for posterior-anterior (PA) views. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 106 pairs of PA and lateral views of chest radiographs (122 lung nodules) for development of the CAD scheme. In the CAD scheme for lateral views, initial candidates of lung nodules were identified by use of a nodule enhancement filter based on the edge gradients. Thirty-four image features extracted from the original and the nodule-enhanced images were used for the rule-based scheme and for artificial neural networks (ANNs) for removal of some false-positive candidates. The computer performance was evaluated with a leave-one-case-out test method for ANNs. For PA views, we used the existing CAD scheme, which was trained with one-half of 924 chest images and then tested with the remaining images. RESULTS: When the CAD scheme was applied only to PA views, the sensitivity in the detection of lung nodules was 70.5%, with 4.9 false positives per image. Although the performance of the computerized scheme for lateral views was relatively low (60.7% sensitivity with 1.7 false positives per image), the overall sensitivity (86.9%) was improved (6.6 false positives per two views), because 20 (16.4%) of the 122 nodules were detected only on lateral views. CONCLUSIONS: The CAD scheme by use of lateral-view images has the potential to improve the overall performance for detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs when combined with a conventional CAD scheme for standard PA views.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2002

Are neuroendocrine cells responsible for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

OBJECTIVES: To examine the possible relationship between the distribution of neuroendocrine (NE) cells and the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the human prostate, we performed an NE cells-distribution analysis and made morphological observations of acinous structures in different-aged prostates. METHODS: Forty-three human prostates obtained from surgical and autopsy cases aged from 2 months to 86 years were examined immunohistochemically using Chromogranin A and analyzed with special reference to the development of BPH. RESULTS: NE cells were distributed predominantly in the verumontanum and main prostatic ducts and were fewer in number in the terminal acini. As BPH development progressed, the NE cells were greatly diminished in number or completely lost from most adenoma nodules. CONCLUSIONS: The NE cells of the prostate may be distributed and transported from the periurethral region near the verumontanum to the terminal acini during the development of the acinar structures. The distribution pattern is relatively consistent among prostates of all ages. However, NE cells do not appear in acquired tissue within BPH nodules as the nodules develop. Thus, the distribution of NE cells does not seem to be related to the development of BPH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Fine-needle aspiration of rheumatoid nodule: a case report with review of diagnostic features and difficulties.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may develop extra-articular subcutaneous nodules as part of the systemic disease or as initial manifestation. These lesions may represent significant diagnostic dilemmas in patients with clinical suspicion of malignancy. In this setting, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the nodules may be the simplest and most appropriate diagnostic approach. In the literature, however, there are only sporadic reports describing FNA cytology of a rheumatoid nodule. In this report, we present a case of a 67-year-old male with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx who developed a subcutaneous neck nodule in the immediate proximity of the surgical scar. Clinically, because of the history of squamous-cell carcinoma and location of the lesion, the nodule was suspected to be metastatic cancer, but was proven by FNA biopsy to represent rheumatoid disease. Cytological criteria of rheumatoid nodule and diagnostic difficulties are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postoperative fusiform cell nodule. Relationship with other benign fibrous proliferations].

We report on a patient who developed postoperative spindle cell nodule one month following TURP for prostatic adenocarcinoma. The foregoing was compared with other benign fibrous lesions from our records: one case of nodular fasciitis and one case of proliferative myositis. Although they were all well-defined and clinically distinct disease entities, a very close relationship concerning their origin was demonstrated histologically and immunohistochemically.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver in a patient with congenital hepatic fibrosis.

We report the case of a 30-year-old man suffering from congenital hepatic fibrosis, who was treated at age 12 by splenorenal shunt for portal hypertension, and who developed numerous, large hepatic nodules. The patient underwent liver transplantation because of recurrent episodes of acute cholangitis and the presence of foci of dysplasia in the nodules. Histological examination of the surgical specimen showed adenomatous hyperplastic nodules with a few atypical foci in an otherwise fibrous but non-cirrhotic liver. Such lesions have not yet been described in congenital hepatic fibrosis. The respective roles of congenital hepatic fibrosis and splenorenal shunts in the development of these nodules are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fine-needle aspiration of a solitary pulmonary nodule following treatment of metastatic giant-cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a local, variably aggressive neoplasm with high local recurrence and occasional pulmonary metastases. Radiographically guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) plays a large role in establishing a tissue diagnosis of lung metastases prior to therapeutic intervention. We present a patient with histologically proven pulmonary metastases from a femoral grade II GCT. These lesions were obliterated with combination HT-CT (hyperthermia and chemotherapy). The patient subsequently developed another pulmonary nodule at a site previously occupied by a GCT metastatic deposit. Radiographically guided FNA revealed that this new lesion was an adenocarcinoma, apparently of pulmonary origin. We suggest that this second neoplasm arose within a scar that developed after HT-CT ablation of one of the metastases. Additional intriguing features of this case are the effective HT-CT therapy of GCT metastatic to lung and the extended temporal course (some 16 yr from initial diagnosis to death).

Adenocarcinoma↗