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PubMedDate not supplied

Identification ability of the first five letters of Christian name and surname.

Identifiers must be easy for access and discrimination. Usual identification by surname and christian name is convenient, for these two identifiers are almost always available. Their discrimination ability was studied in terms of the theory of information and the rate of homonymy. In the French language, the first five letters of the surname provide information equal to 12.11 bits and the rate of homonymy is about 0.659%. If one adds the first three letters of the first name, the gain in the quantity of information is 1.68 bits and the rate of homonymy becomes 0.087%. So the first five letters of a surname and the first three letters of a christian name ensure a relatively satisfactory identification and may constitute a significant way of reinforcing the discrimination power of another identification system.

Computers↗

PubMed1987

Use of first and last names and milieu characteristics.

As a part of a cooperative study of 79 psychiatric wards in 18 Veterans Administration hospitals with 12,000 resident patients, data were obtained on how staff members and patients address each other. It was found that first name usage by staff members and patients correlates with certain characteristics of psychiatric wards. Predominant first name usage tended to occur on wards with a high degree of patient autonomy, patient participation in discharge planning, nursing personnel wearing street clothes, etc. These characteristics are consonant with a particular ward model, namely that of a therapeutic community.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1999

The potential to identify South Asians using a computerised algorithm to classify names.

Ethnic studies are limited by the lack of information on ethnic origin in data sources. This paper examines a computerised approach to identify South Asians by names. Computerised analysis of names is not an ideal solution, but it helps to solve the methodological difficulty of identifying South Asians, particularly in historical administrative datasets where self-assessed ethnicity is not possible and visual inspection is too time consuming and prone to errors. This approach, though useful, is limited to groups easily distinguishable by name and the collection of information on ethnicity should remain the aim in the long-term.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Proper names in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

A short proper name retrieval test was found to discriminate between unselected subjects and age- and education- matched patients affected by Alzheimer's type dementia at a stage where the Mini-Mental State Examination could not detect a difference between these groups. The proper name retrieval task also compared favorably with the 3MS, a more sensitive, modified version of the MMSE. These findings suggest that proper name retrieval could be used to an advantage and become a routine component of short batteries for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Names are important.

Names are important. Being remembered by name is universally appreciated and associated with respect. Thus, correct use of names and titles can be extremely advantageous in relationships. This is particularly true in the health care setting.

Cultural Characteristics↗

PubMed1999

Herbological studies of Coptidis rhizoma (Part 2): on the old Japanese name of Coptis japonica makino.

The rhizome of Coptis plant of the family ranunculaceae has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a crude drug (Huanglian in present Chinese). In Japan, the rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino (the botanical name of which is "Ohren" in modern Japanese) has been utilized as a crude drug since the Nara era. The Japanese name in those days was "Kakumakusa based on descriptions in old books written in the Heian era. It changed to "Kakumikusa" early in the Edo era, and then changed again to Kakumakusa later in the Edo era. Through this herbological study, it was conjectured as follows: The resemblance between Chinese characters (or MA) and (or MI) in cursive style caused mis-copying of the character. After the "Honzo-wamyo, written in the Heian era, was revised in the late Edo era, and on which the name was accurately written as Kakumakusa, the mistake was corrected.

China↗

PubMed2003

A probabilistic similarity metric for Medline records: a model for author name disambiguation.

We present a model for automatically generating training sets and estimating the probability that a pair of Medline records sharing a last and first name initial are authored by the same individual, based on shared title words, journal name, co-authors, medical subject headings, language, and affiliation, as well as distinctive features of the name itself (i.e., presence of middle initial, suffix, and prevalence in Medline).

Authorship↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Aging effects on lexical access. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon on proper names].

INTRODUCTION: The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is one of the most frequent complaints in aging, especially with reference to the proper names retrieval. Previous experimental studies focussed on comparing extreme age groups and they used strategic search paradigms that impede the processing knowledge. AIMS: To analyze TOT frequency and resolution in the normal process of aging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 140 participants aged from 19 to 82 performed an experiment of production of famous people' names from their definitions, and 36 participants aged from 20 to 80 performed other similar experiment from pictures. Data were analyzed using a linear general model with vocabulary level and processing speed as covariables. RESULTS: Adults aged from 50 produced more TOTs than young adults and the TOTs' increase was higher in adults from 70 years independently of their vocabulary level. Older adults resolved fewer TOTs than young adults but phonological priming improved TOTs resolution. CONCLUSION: Aging weakens activation in the proper names retrieval process but phonological priming increases the activation and improves lexical access.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1991

Validating patient names in an integrated clinical information system.

Methods for validating patient names during the upload of clinical records are described. Exact string matching, Soundex method and a pattern matching algorithm (LCS method) are described and compared to a manual analysis of 10000 patient name pairs. In addition, the types of spelling and typographical errors that occur in patient names in the pathology database at CPMC are described. The data analysis shows that the LCS method performs better than the other techniques when compared to manual analysis.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1988

Name variation and aspects of body image among male offenders.

The author studied 100 incarcerated adult male felons who were referred consecutively for psychiatric evaluation. As part of the investigation, he ascertained whether each man had ever used a name variation, either by self-report or as documented in official records. He also administered two body-image questionnaires, each to half of the sample population. Those who used a name variation, however defined, were found to have increased head awareness and decreased stomach awareness when compared with those who had not used a name variation. Otherwise, these groups had no statistically significant differences among a wide group of descriptive variables. The author suggests that the differences in body image may be associated with cognitive differences in the ways in which these subjects approach themselves and their environments.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[The so-called professional names of ancient physicians].

This article deals with the question to what extent Greek and Roman doctors used the names of famous physicians without being related to them. Many doctors were called Asclepiades or Hippocrates. In Rome, these names were associated with Asclepius and with the great Hippocrates of Cos and can therefore be regarded as professional names, which fathers (who were doctors themselves) gave their sons because they were expected to continue this profession.

Complementary Therapies↗

PubMed2002

Using trade names: a risk factor for accidental drug overdose.

Medication errors due to the exclusive use of trade names of drugs may lead to life-threatening complications. We report the case of a patient with verapamil overdose as a result of this. This case illustrates that the use of trade names, omitting the international nonproprietary names of the active moiety, carries the risk of serious adverse drug events by overdose.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗

PubMed1996

Task dependence in color-naming latency among dieters.

OBJECTIVE: This study was concerned with the robustness of responses to food- and to body-related words within a modified Stroop procedure. METHOD: A within-subjects repeated measures design with 30 female dieters was used in order to examine task dependence in slowed color naming, with comparisons involving different dependent measures and the subjects' responses to the same stimuli using a simple computerized task. RESULTS: The color naming of food words was retarded when compared to neutral words, and more food words than neutral words were seen to appear first in the simple computerized decision task using the same lists of words. In contrast, the time taken to color name body and neutral words did not differ. DISCUSSION: Taken together, these results emphasize that these effects are not confined to patients with an eating disorder, and may simply reflect current community concern with healthy eating (and dieting). It is premature to advocate the Stroop procedure as an index of psychopathology, since it requires some evidence for the specificity of responses among patients with an eating disorder, and more importantly, a consensus about what might be involved in producing such effects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Impaired color naming of food and body shape words: weight phobia or distinct affective state?

OBJECTIVE: The current study investigated whether a concern with body shape and weight represents a distinct affective state, or whether it is better conceptualized as a highly specific form of anxiety. METHOD: The color-naming performance of women with a high Drive for Thinness score was examined under three experimental conditions: when a photograph of chocolate was present, when actual chocolate was present, and a control condition. High Drive for Thinness subjects demonstrated relatively impaired color naming of body shape words in the picture condition, but not in the food or control conditions. RESULTS: Although there was a significant impairment in the color naming of food words, this was unaffected by condition or degree of Drive for Thinness. DISCUSSION: The results are interpreted as supporting an analogy between weight/body shape concerns and subclinical phobic anxiety.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Effects of minority status on facial recognition and naming performance.

Found performances on two tests of higher cerebral function, a facial recognition test and a naming test in an aphasia examination, to be influenced differentially by minority status (N = 94). Performance on the facial recognition test was relatively free of racial bias for the purposes of clinical assessment, but this was not the case for visual naming. In fact, straightforward application of the standard criteria for the naming test would have resulted in classification of 22% of a sample of urban black control patients as defective. Revised normative standards are presented for use in this segment of the referral population.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Developmental onset of eating related color-naming interference.

The current study was an investigation into the possible developmental aspects of the "Eating Stroop" effect, as produced by non-eating disordered subjects. The subject pool comprised male and female subjects, ranging in age from 9 to 14 years. Their task was to color-name a series of Stroop arrays, comprising food-related words, body shape-related words, and two sets of neutral matched control words. It was found that there were significant performance decrements for both food and shape-related words with the 14-year-old girls. The results indicated a possible color-naming decrement with food-related words for the 11-year-old girls, but not shape words. No color-naming decrements were found with the 9-year-old group, or the male subjects. The results are interpreted in terms of cultural pressures on women to diet to attain an "ideal" body shape and the different developmental stages at which such pressures exert themselves.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Naming and verbal memory skills in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Reading Disability.

Research suggests that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Reading Disability (RD) can be differentiated based on their performance on measures of naming and verbal memory. It is not known whether this same pattern characterizes adults with these disorders. In this study, adults with and without ADHD and RD were compared on naming and verbal memory abilities. Results did not support the hypothesis that adults with ADHD and RD are significantly different from each other, or from a contrast group, on naming and verbal memory measures after controlling for Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ). These results were replicated across two sets of classification criteria used to identify diagnostic groups. Factors that could account for the inconsistency in research findings with children and adult subjects are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging contrast agents--what's in a name?

The purpose of this brief review is to reduce the confusion surrounding the nomenclature of MRI contrast agents. There are several different categories of contrast agents for potential use in human diagnosis and several alternative names for each contrast agent, an array of choices that actually changes over time. This review describes the general process by which these various agents are named, presents one general categorization by which these agents can be considered, and provides a concise table to which readers can refer to identify the proper name to use for each of the agents that has thus far been administered to humans.

Administration, Oral↗