Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MORALS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The moral economies of homeless heroin addicts: confronting ethnography, HIV risk, and everyday violence in San Francisco shooting encampments.

Ethnographic immersion among homeless heroin addicts in San Francisco documents far more risky practices than the public health literature routinely reports. The logics of street-based income-generating strategies and the moral economy of social networking among self-identified "dope fiends" results in almost daily shares of drug preparation paraphernalia. Public health researchers need to reconceptualize their psychological behaviorist paradigm of "individual health risk behavior" because the pragmatics of income-generating strategies and the social symbolic hierarchies of respect, identity, and mutual dependence shape risky behavior. The explanatory potentials and the applied interventions that participant-observation anthropological approaches could bring to epidemiological public health research have not been utilized effectively in the field of HIV prevention and substance use. The accuracy of quantitative public health databases and our understanding of the who/why/how/where of HIV infection could be improved by a cross-methodological dialogue with participant-observation fieldworkers and by a greater theoretical sophistication with respect to power, violence, and extreme social marginalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ethics, morals and patient photography.

This article reports on an investigation into the ethical and moral aspects of patient photography in an attempt to raise awareness of these issues among medical photographers. A questionnaire was used to determine common practices and attitudes towards the photography of patients in medical illustration departments across the country. Some wider issues, including the photography of fetuses and perinatal deaths are also examined. The results of the survey indicate that the majority seem to act with the patients' best interests in mind, however there are still areas that could be improved upon.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Investigating moral intensity with the World-Wide Web: a look at participant reactions and a comparison of methods.

This paper reports the results of a vignette- and questionnaire-based research project over the World-Wide Web investigating the influence of moral intensity (MI) on decision making in a business context. A qualitative analysis of the feedback in terms of e-mail communications was used to provide insights into the reactions and responses of participants to both the research method and the topic of research. Implications are discussed, and some methodological recommendations are derived. Second, analysis of the quantitative results of the Web-based questionnaire administration indicated that three of the six MI components were particularly important determinants of several outcome variables. This pattern of results essentially replicated findings yielded by a previous mail administration of the survey, even though a smaller amount of variation in the outcome variables was accounted for. Neither occupational background nor the region of origin of participants measurably influenced the results.

Commerce↗
PubMed1995

Developing nurses' moral reasoning skills.

Analysis of data from a Nursing Dilemma Test administered to 69 registered nurses employed at the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town revealed a pattern of principled thinking in the groups with 5 to 9, 20 to 24, 25 to 29 and 30 to 34 years of clinical experience, whereas the group with the least clinical experience (0 to 4 years) showed no distinguishable pattern of thinking stages in moral judgement development.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2005

[The effects of information of the other's cooperative behavior on moral obligation].

Although it is expected that a social dilemma is solved by giving people feedback information about others' cooperative behavior, previous studies demonstrated that the information may promote cooperative behavior in some situations but may promote non-cooperative behavior in other situations. The study hypothesize that the feedback information of the others' cooperative behavior promote cooperative behavior for those who feel high obligation to cooperate in a social dilemma situation, such as a problem of bicycle parking behavior on road, but promote defective behavior for those who have low moral obligation. This is because the former people are hypothesized to attribute the cause of other's cooperative behavior to their social and intrinsic motivation, but the latter are hypothesized to attribute it to the egoistic motivation. The data from an experiment (n = 126) supported the hypotheses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hospital closure: maintaining staff morale.

Closing a large psychiatric hospital is a complex exercise, and one of the main tasks for management is to maintain staff numbers and staff morale during the run-down period, and to help staff find new and rewarding roles in the community based service. Alistair Bailey and Martin Barkley explain how this was tackled at Netherne Hospital.

England↗
PubMed1992

Assessing staff morale through a staff opinion survey.

This paper reports the results of a staff opinion survey conducted at a 309-bed Victorian public hospital. The reasons for the survey were to measure staff morale and attitudes across all the departments of the hospital. Staff members were able to participate in the survey, by completing a questionnaire which was distributed to all staff. The overall results indicate that staff members of Frankston Hospital consider they operate in a healthy working environment. Staff from some departments within the hospital responded to several questions in a manner that required further investigation. These have since been actively discussed and decisions taken to overcome them.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

National health care policy: the moral issues.

To be human is to frame projects in the face of ineradicable limitations. The beginning of sound health care policy is the recognition that one must accept some risks of death, suffering, and disability, and that one should forgo attempting to prevent death, suffering, and disability when the costs are high and the likelihood of success low. Sound health care policy requires recognizing the extreme burdens that would be incurred if one truly attempted to save lives at all costs. Framing realistic health care policy also requires taking account of the circumstance that being rich is positively correlated with living longer, and that the secular moral authority of the state to remedy this circumstance is limited. After 15 years of an all-encompassing health care system, Canada still had striking differences between the life expectancies of highest-earning and lowest-earning citizens. The second challenge for secular health care policy is: To what extent may the state forbid individuals, after they have paid their taxes, from using their private resources to buy better health care so they can live longer than the poor who lack such resources? Or should one focus instead on determining which interventions are most cost effective in narrowing the gap in life expectancy and morbidity statistics between the rich and the poor?

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed1994

Workplace diversity: a leadership challenge. Managing diversity is a social, financial, and moral imperative.

Fostering workplace diversity is about building an organizational culture that embraces personal differences and encourages heterogeneous persons to work together toward a common end. Setting in motion the transition to a more inclusive and productive workplace is an uncommon challenge and the primary responsibility of leaders, especially in Catholic healthcare. The origins of diversity can be found in creation itself. Not only are we united as a people of God and as members of the body of Christ, we are bound together through our shared humanity. Three values are especially relevant to promoting diversity in the workplace: respect for human dignity, the common good, and distributive justice as participation in the common good. Economic incentives strengthen the theological and moral motives for developing a diverse work force. Organizations' financial success will depend ultimately on how well diversity is integrated into the organizational culture. As a process, managing diversity enables healthcare leaders to discover new ways to develop the potential of all employees and at the same time improve performance and production. At the heart of managing diversity lies the reform of internal systems, structures, and processes. Managing diversity also requires the transformation of the organization's culture. Initiatives that are useful for setting a positive future course include conducting a cultural audit, establishing a cultural diversity task force, and putting in place a diversity "champion" who is accountable directly to the chief executive officer.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1995

Morale hits new low.

If President Clinton thinks Americans are in a national funk, he should stay out of the hospital, where the atmosphere is positively morose. Poor morale is by far the worst human resources problem in the hospital industry, according to a survey of 681 hospitals conducted in October by Deloitte & Touche for Modern Healthcare.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A moral quandary for sponsors. Like the family, and the state, sponsorship is an institution.

Nowadays many religious institutes are asking questions about sponsorship. The issue is usually phrased as the sponsoring of institutions. But it might be useful to ask about the institution of sponsorship instead. In The Good Society, Robert Bellah and his associates say that, on one hand, institutions are created by human beings; on the other hand, because we draw our sense of identity from them, institutions create us too. Bellah et al. also say that institutions, being human creations, are susceptible to corruption, especially when great wealth and power are involved. Since hospitals and healthcare systems obviously do involve wealth and power, we sponsors now have many questions, as well as some ambiguity about our sponsorship capability. One might even say that a moral debate is raging in our collective subconscious: Is loss of corporate influence something we would do something about if we could, or have we chosen some other value, such as ministerial diversity, instead? My institute, the Sisters of Mercy, has decided to continue our sponsorship of such organizations. As an institution, sponsorship is an essential bearer of our ideals and meanings. We need this institution to announce, to the world and to ourselves, that whatever power and wealth we possess are committed to mercy and justice.

Catholicism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reclaiming our moral tradition. Catholic teaching calls us to accept the limits of medical technology.

The success of science and medical technology has led to medical brinkmanship, pushing aggressive treatment as far as it can go. But medicine lacks the precision necessary for such brinkmanship to succeed, and the resulting cycle of expectation and disappointment in technology has, in part, led to an increasing acceptance of euthanasia and assisted suicide, linked closely with advocacy for patient autonomy. At the opposite extreme lies medical vitalism, which refers to attempts to preserve the patient's life in and of itself without any significant hope for recovery. The Catholic moral tradition offers a middle ground, well expressed in the 1994 Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services. The tradition does not deny the good of technology or state that some lives are not worth living. Rather, it calls us to accept the fact that medical technology has limits. In reclaiming this tradition, we reclaim the naturalness of death. Reclaiming the tradition has practical consequences for the use of life-prolonging technology at the end of life and for end-of-life decision making. These can be placed in three broad categories: the Christian understanding of care, the ambiguity inherent in end-of-life decision making, and the task of Christian formation.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1998

Morality and bureaucracy in health and social policy.

The outgoing Director General set aside the usual biennial report approach of reviewing IHF's activities over the previous 2 years. Instead Dr. Pickering reviewed the developments in health care over the last decade, the period he has held office. He decried the emasculating role of bureaucracy in health care and the lack of morality in decision-making in social and health policy. The article is a cri de coeur' for a fundamental ethical review of the basis for health care changes.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1984

Malpractice bill stirs discussion, raises moral questions.

Catholic health care providers should raise a number of ethical considerations in the debate surrounding the Moore-Gephardt bill, which would establish an alternative malpractice liability system. The proposal encourages states to enact legislation under which providers and patients would reach settlements that compensate for economic losses resulting from negligent treatment. In states that do not enact such laws, HR 5400 would apply to federal program patients only. Under the proposal, if a health care provider who is potentially liable for malpractice offers to compensate for the patient's actual economic loss, the patient would be forever barred from bringing a malpractice suit against the provider. The recovery would be limited to the individual's net economic loss. Though the bill's sponsors have performed a considerable service in identifying a major problem and generating public discussion, the bill raises several important moral questions. How much "defensive medicine," for example, is actually prudent practice that is in patients' best interests? Will thorough and holistic care be sacrificed in the proposal's attempt to save money? If states do not enact an alternative liability system for all patients and the proposal affects only federal program patients, will the result be disproportionate treatment among categories of patients? And is it fair to deny persons recovery for their emotional distress, physical impairment, pain and suffering, and similar kinds of damages? These are but a few of the issues that Catholic providers should raise in the debate, which otherwise might well be oriented toward fiscal concerns only.

Catholicism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moral dilemmas and economic realities.

Administrators of teaching hospitals confront a variety of ethical issues. Some of these arise because of the peculiar character of the teaching hospital, while others are more generic. This paper provides a framework for addressing and resolving such ethical issues as the treatment of indigent patients, discontinuing treatment from patients with a poor prognosis and inability to pay for care, the involvement of students and professionals-in-training in patient care, and the soaring costs of high-technology and research-oriented medical care. The paper closes with a consideration of the hospital administrator's role in shaping the moral character of his or her institution.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing morale and productivity in central service.

Financial constraints resulting in limitations of human resources present management challenges throughout the healthcare industry. Lack of job security can cause fear and unrest among employees to spread like brush fire throughout the institution. Employees at all ends of the organizational chart may feel a sense of helplessness and powerlessness over the situation. This doesn't have to be the situation in Central Service. Rather than putting out fires and crisis management, a master plan for increasing department morale and productivity can be developed--a plan which ultimately benefits the Central Service staff and management. If a positive productivity cycle can be initiated, personnel can see how their behavior affects productivity. Once employees understand how productivity indicators are tied into the budgetary staffing allotments, their commitment to improving productivity becomes a personal one--they can work together to assure job security. This also provides some measure of control over the prevailing economic forces.

Central Supply, Hospital↗
PubMed1988

Employee suggestion system improves morale and saves money.

The unique suggestion program at NKC Hospitals guarantees responses to employees who suggest ways to improve quality and allows them to appeal rejections of their ideas. The program cuts costs, reduces safety risks and improves employee morale.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Four ways people approach ethics. A practical guide to reaching consensus on moral problems.

Most people use four different approaches when making ethical decisions. Some people use one approach predominantly; others vary their approaches according to circumstances. In either case, the approaches are usually chosen unconsciously. The main source of conflict in decision making is the fact that two parties have chosen different approaches. The four approaches are: The principle approach, in which decisions are made according to a principle such as the Ten Commandments or the Golden Rule The consequence approach, in which decisions are made according to their likely outcomes The virtue/character approach, in which decisions are made according to the decision makers's view of his or her responsibilities The moral sentiment approach, in which decisions are made according to the decision maker's feelings Conflicts in decision making become easier to resolve once the decision makers, first, recognize that they are using different approaches, and, second, agree to "change gears" and use the same approach.

Decision Making, Organizational↗