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Results for “MENTAL PROCESSES”

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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Saccades to mentally rotated targets.

In order to investigate the role of mental rotation in the directional control of eye movements, we instructed subjects to make saccades in directions different from that of a visual stimulus (rotated saccades). Saccadic latency increased linearly with the amount of directional transformation imposed between the stimulus and the response. This supports the hypothesis that reorienting a saccade is accomplished through a mental rotation process. No differences were found in amplitude, duration, velocity, and curvature between rotated and visually guided saccades. Analogous to mental rotation tasks involving reaching arm movements, it is surmised that frontal/prefrontal cortical structures participate in rotated saccades by reorienting the intended saccadic direction. A linear increase in response time with the imposed directional transformation was also found in an analogous mental task not requiring a directed motor response, namely, mentally localizing a point in space at a certain angle from a stimulus direction. However, the speed of mental rotation was systematically lower than in the rotated saccade task. These findings indicate that mental rotation is a rather general mechanism through which directional transformations are achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of slow brain potentials for the estimation of activation processes in activities at the video-screen model workplace].

Numerous studies have shown that the slow potentials registered in the EEG allow conclusions on changes in activation processes preceding different activities. The Bp which has so far been analysed preferably as motoric phenomenon, is in the following used to furnish evidence of activation processes preceding mental performance at a visual display terminal. The analysis reveals the relationships between the Bp and mental load, mental performance, and a varying dynamic activation. From that, conclusions can be drawn already in the phase of preparing different information processing activities on variations in central-nervous activation and most likely even on the readiness to perform and the reliability of actions.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2007

Maintaining readiness for mental rotation interferes with perceptual processes in children but with response selection in adults.

Previous work revealed that mental rotation is not purely inserted into a same-different discrimination task. Instead, response time (RT) is slowed to upright stimuli in blocks containing rotated stimuli compared to RT to the same upright stimuli in pure upright blocks. This interference effect is a result of maintaining readiness for mental rotation. In two experiments we investigated previous evidence that these costs depend upon distinct sub-processes for children and for adults. In Experiment 1, the maintaining costs turned out to be independent of the visual quality of the stimulus for adults but not so for children. Experiment 2 revealed that the maintaining costs were greatly reduced for adults when they performed mental rotation as a go-no-go task, but not so for children. Taken together, both experiments provide evidence that whereas perceptual processes seem to be important for school-age children to maintain readiness for mental rotation, response selection is relevant for adults.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The anatomy of mentalization: a view from developmental neuroimaging.

The capacity for mentalization emerges from developmental changes in the physical structure of the brain. Although pediatric imaging studies have not directly addressed the process of mentalizing, general principles of brain development may shed light on the neurobiology of mentalization. Increases in white matter, which speeds communication between brain cells, growing complexity of neuronal networks suggested by gray matter changes, and environmentally sensitive plasticity are all essential aspects in a child's ability to mentalize and maintain the adaptive flexibility necessary for healthy transition into adulthood.

Brain↗