Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lymphatic Abnormalities”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The histopathology of lepromatous leprosy in the nose.

On the basis of clinical, histological and bacteriological assessments, 31 patients in Central India were selected and classified as having active but early lepromatous leprosy and 4 patients as having early borderline leprosy. From the nose of each patient an average of 4 biopsies were taken from particular sites of the septum and turbinates either by punch biopsy or dissection with a scalpel. The nasal tissues from all the lepromatous patients contained many acid-fast bacilli; no bacilli or abnormalities were seen in nasal tissues from the borderline patients. The histopathology of these highly bacilliferous tissues is described. Bacilli were universally seen in macrophages, but they were also seen in blood monocytes and polymorphs, fibroblasts, squamous and pseudo-columnar epithelium, keratin, peri- and endo-neurial cells of tiny nerve bundles, erectile tissue, vascular plain muscle, perivascular histiocytes and frequently and abundantly in the cytoplasm of endothelial lining cells of lymphatics and of small blood vessels and free within the lumina of these vessels. Five basic mechanisms of escape of bacilli from the submucosa on to the surface, and thus into the external environment, are described. Secondary infection, in the presence of an expansile lepromatous infiltrate, together with simple trauma to the surface epithelium, are the main factors in the discharge of bacilli. These histopathological observations are consistent with the findings from other recent studies on the nose in leprosy regarding (1) the large numbers of morphologically intact and viable Myco. leprae excreted in the nasal mucus of lepromatous patients; (2) the clinical changes observed in the nose of such patients, and (3) the similar nasal involvement and excretion of Myco. leprae from the nose of mice inoculated with leprosy bacilli of human origin. Of particular interest was the frequency and intensity of bacilli within the endothelial lining cells of small blood and lymph vessels and the presence of bacilli free within the lumina of these vessels or within monocytes and polymorphs. The possible dynamic significance of these observations in the pathogenesis of leprosy is discussed. The significance of all these observations in relation to (1) the spread of leprosy; (2) local factors in the nose which might favour the growth of Myco. leprae, and (3) the nose as a portal of entry, are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Altered androgen metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer.

Admixture of androgen-sensitive elements from normal or hyperplastic prostatic tissue interferes with biochemical studies of prostate cancer in its primary site. Heterogeneity of cancer tissues, varying in stromal and epithelial elements, also complicates interpretation of data relating to androgen metabolism. Accordingly, we have compared metastatic deposits composed of epithelial cancer cells to the primary biopsies of 4 patients in respect to uptake of 3H-testosterone and its conversion to 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone during in vitro incubation. 3H-testosterone uptake was similar for both tissue sites but 3H-dihydrotestosterone formation was reduced by 76% in the metastases compared to primary tissues. This group was not large enough to show statistical significance, whereas a total of 11 such primary studies compared to 6 metastatic specimens was significant. When either primary or secondary tissue results were compared to 12 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia similarly studied the differences were highly significant. These results demonstrate a major impairment in the formation of dihydrotestosterone by metastatic prostatic cancer and a similar but less evident alteration in the primary site. This abnormality in testosterone metabolism is of major importance in the attempt to obtain effective hormonal control of human prostatic cancer.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1984

Cancer of the esophagus and associated lesions: detailed pathologic study of 100 esophagectomy specimens.

One hundred surgical specimens from patients with esophageal cancers were studied in detail. The characteristics of the cancers were similar to those described in the literature. Subserial sectioning of the specimens permitted determination of the type, number, and extent of noncancerous mucosal lesions and their exact location in relation to the carcinomas. Ninety-five per cent of the resected esophagi contained at least one focus of intraepithelial neoplasia, for the most part adjacent to the invasive carcinoma; in 14 per cent of the cases, intraepithelial carcinomas were detected at some distance from the invasive carcinomas. The invasive carcinomas involved an average of 20 per cent of the mucosal surface and the intraepithelial neoplasias, 5 per cent. The noncancerous mucosal lesions were analyzed, and their extent was evaluated. Esophagitis, parakeratosis, atrophy, dyskeratosis of the epithelium, and hyperplasia and metaplasia of the mucosal gland ducts were encountered. The exact significance of these lesions in esophageal carcinogenesis is not known. The mucosal abnormalities associated with preoperative irradiation are defined. The results of iodine and toluidine blue testing are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Histology of the ovary.

The normal gross and microscopic morphologic features of the ovary are described. Abnormal findings that may be encountered on microscopic examination of the ovary and that may create problems in interpretation are also discussed. The hormonal control and function of the various ovarian compartments are summarized.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT and MR imaging of advanced Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

The CT and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in 13 patients with advanced Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are described. In eight patients (62%) one or more primary tumors were found with both methods. All patients with proven liver metastases (n = 7) were identified by MR. Computed tomography was positive in six of these patients. Three patients with lymph node metastases were identified on CT and MR and one patient had bone metastases. Computed tomography and MR were inferior to selective arteriography in the detection of multiple lesions of the pancreas in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia-I syndrome. On the T1-weighted MR images, the primary tumors demonstrated no consistency with regard to their signal intensity relative to the adjacent pancreatic parenchyma. All gastrinomas had an increased relative signal intensity on the T2-weighted images with the exception of a calcified tumor. Liver and lymph node metastases had a low signal intensity on the T1-weighted images and an increased signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. The signal intensity of primary tumors and metastases was independent of size. In conclusion, MR was able to detect abnormalities based on its outstanding lesion/normal tissue contrast, whereas CT diagnosis was based mostly on contour distortion. For the current technique, MR is considered at least equal to CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Soluble CD44 isoforms in serum as potential markers of metastatic gastric carcinoma.

A splice variant of CD44 (exon V4-V7) confers metastatic behavior in a rat carcinoma model; aberrant expression of splice variants has been detected on a variety of human tumor cell lines as well as primary and metastatic human tumors, including lymphomas, carcinomas (colon, thyroid, mamma, bladder), and glioma. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the concentration of soluble CD44 in the serum samples of 10 normal individuals and 41 patients with various stages of gastric cancer. Soluble CD44S and its isoforms, V5 and V6, were present in the serum of normal individuals (288.53 +/- 18.33, 25.49 +/- 1.70, and 148.32 +/- 3.15 ng/ml, respectively). The concentrations of soluble CD44 V5 and V6 were elevated in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (69.39 +/- 6.06 and 216.62 +/- 32.98 ng/ml, respectively). Serum CD44 V5 concentrations correlated with the extent of tumor invasion (T), the status of lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastasis (M) (TNM staging) (p < 0.05), whereas CD44S did not. These results suggest that detection of abnormal regulation of CD44 splicing could be helpful in gastric cancer diagnosis and disease evaluation.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocyte cultures of patients previously treated with dibromodulcitol.

Acute non-lymphatic leukaemia and myelodysplasia occur in a larger percentage of patients treated with dibromodulcitol (DBD) than in patients treated with other cytostatics. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the lymphocytes in peripheral blood as well as other haematological parameters were measured in women with breast cancer to investigate whether women who had previously been treated with DBD as a part of their treatment regime had an increased frequency of SCE or another haematological abnormality attributable to DBD. SCE levels were elevated in women treated with DBD as well as in those treated with other cytostatics compared to the untreated control group. All other haematological parameters were normal. There was no significant difference in the number of SCEs between the patients who received DBD and those treated with other cytostatics. The increased frequencies of SCE in the treated patients are attributable to various cytostatic agents, and there is no significant permanent increase in the frequency of SCE after exposure to DBD.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

The malignant potential of postchemotherapy residual mature teratoma for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular tumors.

Flow cytometric nuclear DNA ploidy analysis was used to study 7 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 3 patients with postchemotherapy residual mature teratomas. All specimens contained abnormal DNA and were classified as DNA aneuploid. These findings indicate that despite the benign appearance of postchemotherapy mature teratomas, these lesions are susceptible to resume malignant behavior. Therefore, complete surgical removal is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[A case of well-differentiated nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung with an 18-year clinical course before surgery].

A 56-year-old woman was referred for an abnormally dense area in the right upper lung field detected at medical checkup. This shadow had been pointed out frequently since she was 38 years old, but no pathological diagnosis of lung cancer had been given. The size of the abnormal area had gradually increased over the 18 years. Since lung cancer was suspected on the basis of the radiographic findings, she underwent open lung biopsy. Pathologically, the tumor tissue showed a lepidic growth pattern on the wall of preexisting alveoli; and formation of fibrotic foci caused by the collapse of alveoli and the microscopic destruction of the elastic fiber framework were seen in the tumor. There was no vascular invasion or lymphatic infiltration in the tumor. It was diagnosed as well-differentiated nonmucinous adenocarcinoma, p-T2 N0 M0. Although this tumor was untreated for 18 years from the first detection using chest radiography, the critical invasive features were not in evidence pathologically.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (author's transl)].

A four-year old boy with familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is reported. The clinical picture was that of prolonged fever, hepato and splenomegaly, adenopathies and, in the terminal state, bleeding tendency and sligth jaundice. The laboratory data showed anemia, leucopenia and abnormal coagulation studies compatibles with disseminated intravascular clotting. The differential diagnosis with malignant histiocytosis is attempted from a histological point of view.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1985

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Experience of a community hospital and review of the literature.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 37 percent of all new cases of active tuberculous infection identified at a 522-bed community hospital during an 11-year period. Forty-five foci of extrapulmonary infection were diagnosed in 38 patients. Involvement of the genitourinary system, lymphatic system, and respiratory system, other than the lung, was most common and accounted for 58 percent of all infections. Presenting symptoms were protean and often resulted in long delays between onset of symptoms and eventual diagnosis. Foreign birthplace, prior history of or exposure to tuberculosis, constitutional symptoms, febrile course, and anemia were important findings suggesting the diagnosis. Results of tuberculin skin tests were positive in 31 of 34 patients. Chest radiography demonstrated abnormalities in 25 of 38 patients. Cultures showed growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 27 of 39 affected sites, and caseating granulomas were identified in 31 instances. It is concluded that extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains an important infectious disease problem despite the overall decrease in the national incidence of tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Screening for genetic aberrations in papillary thyroid cancer by using comparative genomic hybridization.

BACKGROUND: Determination of the genetic composition of papillary thyroid cancers may help explain differences in observed clinical behavior. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a novel molecular cytogenetic assay that allows simultaneous detection of gains, losses, and amplification of genetic information, making it an ideal screening tool. The aim of this study was to identify genetic aberrations occurring in papillary thyroid cancers by using CGH analysis. METHODS: CGH analysis was performed on 21 individual cases of papillary thyroid cancers. Nonparametric statistical comparisons were performed with the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Genetic abnormalities were identified by CGH in 10 of 21 cases (48%). A recurrent pattern of aberrations was seen in cases where genetic changes were detected, involving losses at chromosome arms 1p and 9q and chromosomes 17, 19, and 22, and gains at chromosome 4 and chromosome arms 5q, 6q, 9q, and 13q. The loss of chromosome 22 was unique to younger patients (P =.05) and was associated with a higher rate of regional lymphatic metastasis (19% vs 80%, P =.02). CONCLUSIONS: Two genetically unique groups of patients were identified by using CGH analysis. One group had no detectable aberrations; the other had a recurrent pattern of aberrations, localizing to the identical chromosomal loci. This pattern of aberrations suggests that the involved loci may contain genes important in thyroid carcinogenesis. The clinical significance of the presence of copy number changes detected by CGH needs to be determined. In addition, molecular cloning of involved genes in each of the aberrations is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[New aspects of pharmacologic and general prophylactic care of the diabetic foot].

Ischaemia, neuropathies and infections are predisposing factors for the development of ulceration of the diabetic foot. Diabetics have evidently a disposition for affections of the peripheral circulation and impaired regulation of the microcirculation as a result of autonomic neuropathy. The lower the driving pressure (in critical ischaemia), the more important are rheological factors and drugs which can influence them. These preparations include e.g. Trental (pentoxiphilline), Prostavasin (prostaglandin E1), Vessel due F (sulodexide). In advanced stages of ischaemic extremities oedema is a very adverse factor. Non-cardiac oedema can be very effectively handled by manual lymphatic drainage combined with intermittent one-segment pneumatic compression which was successfully used by the authors in ulcerations of the diabetic foot. One of the main general protective measures is adequate care of the foot and protective footwear for diabetics. After 3.5 years' use of protective footwear the authors recorded, consistent with data in the literature, a 50% reduction of relapses of ulcerations (and amputations). By examination on an EMED II apparatus abnormally high local pressures on the sole of risk patients can be detected and at the some time the protective effect of materials used for protective insoles can be tested. Active pharmacological and generally protective care of diabetic foot leads to a reduced number of amputations, in particular supracondylar ones by 50 or more per cent.

Diabetic Foot↗
PubMed2001

beta- Catenin mutations and aberrant nuclear expression during endometrial tumorigenesis.

To clarify the possible role of aberrant beta-catenin expression during endometrial tumorigenesis, a total of 199 cases of endometrial carcinomas (endometrioid type), as well as 37 cases of simple/complex and 32 of atypical hyperplasias, was consecutively investigated for immunohistochemistry, along with 141 normal endometrial samples distant from carcinomas. Of 199 carcinoma cases, 73 tumours as well as 44 normal samples were also analysed using a combination of RT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization, Western blot, and mutation gene assays. Cell membrane beta-catenin immunoreactivity showed a stepwise decrease from normal, through atypical hyperplasia, to grade 3 carcinomas. In contrast, the nuclear accumulation in atypical hyperplasias and grade 1 or 2 tumours was higher than in simple/complex hyperplasias. Mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene involving codons 33, 34, 37, 41, and 45 were observed in 16 (22.9%) of 70 endometrial carcinomas, as well as 3 (12.5%) of 24 atypical hyperplasias, the results being significantly related to low membrane and high nuclear immunoreactivity but not relative mRNA expression levels, suggesting that the gene mutations may be closely associated with changes in subcellular distribution. In addition to significant association between beta-catenin mutation and low grade histological malignancy (P = 0.048), the mutations were detected in none of 15 and 13 (26%) of 50 tumours with or without lymph node metastasis, the difference being significant (P = 0.027). These findings suggest that beta-catenin abnormalities may play an important role in a relatively early event during the endometrial hyperplasia-carcinoma sequence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in two teenage girls.

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders represent remote effects of cancer without invasion of tumor cells into the nervous system. Limbic encephalitis is a distinct entity mostly associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. We present the cases of two teenage girls who were admitted with clinical symptoms typical for limbic encephalitis. In the course of the disease, they exhibited characteristic evolutionary changes of brain MRI abnormalities. Onset of neurological symptoms and type of underlying neoplasia were different in both patients. In one girl the initial workup led to the diagnosis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease which so far had not caused any symptoms besides the described neurological abnormalities. A diagnostic brain biopsy showed inflammatory changes and excluded invasion of malignant cells into the central nervous system. The other patient had been diagnosed with a small cell carcinoma of the ovary several months before neurological and brain MRI abnormalities were observed. This is the first report in which clinical picture, evolution of MRI abnormalities, and--in one case--characteristic neuropathological changes are suggestive of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in two adolescent girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chromosomal abnormalities in clear cell sarcoma. Implications for histogenesis.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on three specimens of clear cell sarcoma, a rare neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. Chromosomal analysis of clear cell sarcoma has not been reported previously. Two of the specimens analyzed consisted of the primary foot lesion and subsequent lymph node metastasis in a 29-year-old male. The other specimen was a primary foot lesion in a 61-year-old male. Clonal abnormalities were detected in all three of the specimens. The significance of these results with regard to the origin of this uncommon neoplasm is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Radiographic imaging of the pulmonary hila.

Evaluation of the pulmonary hila is an important but difficult aspect of chest radiology. The posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs are useful in screening patients, but further evaluation of questionable abnormalities is often required. We review the strengths and weaknesses of each of the different imaging modalities used to assess the hila, including conventional tomograms, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Telomerase catalytic subunit gene expression does not influence survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx: a case-control study.

AIMS: to determine correlations between relative quantities of telomerase catalytic subunit m-ribonucleic acid (hTERT mRNA) and conventional clinicopathological parameters (such as site, size and grade of tumour, the presence of regional lymph node metastases, and, in particular, survival) in patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The relative quantity of hTERT mRNA was analysed by a commercially available LightCycler Telo TAGGG hTERT Quantification Kit in 56 cases of SCC (40 laryngeal and 16 hypopharyngeal). The association with cancer-specific survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Location of the tumour in the hypopharynx was the only significant negative predictive factor for survival, as determined by univariate analysis (p = 0.028). Although a tendency towards a better overall survival was observed for female patients younger than 50 years, for lower tumour grades and sizes, and for the absence of regional lymph node metastases, the prognostic significance of these factors could not be confirmed. No differences existed in hTERT mRNA expression between laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCCs. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the relative quantities of hTERT mRNA and the tumour size, regional lymph node metastases or survival of patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal SCCs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that genetic abnormalities other than telomerase reactivation are responsible for progression of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCCs.

Adult↗