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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in airborne dusts from washed and unwashed cottons.

Gram-negative bacteria possess lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes termed endotoxins as an integral portion of their cell walls. These biologically active substances elicit profound effects both in vitro and in vivo. Organic dusts from many occupational environments contain measureable amounts of gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. In particular, cottons and cotton dusts contain these materials, and research is directed to elucidate the association between endotoxins and the acute and chronic respiratory effects of inhaling cotton dusts. It is the purpose of this paper to describe an experimental process which removes endotoxins from cotton by washing prior to processing the baled cottons. The studies show that water washing is a reliable method for removing endotoxins, and pulmonary function studies correlate well with endotoxin levels in the air. Quantification of airborne endotoxins provides a good indicator of cleanliness and toxocity of the cotton dusts. However, the differential toxicities of different endotoxins must be considered and evaluated further.

Dust↗
PubMed1984

A factor present in normal mouse serum stimulates late erythroid precursor proliferation.

A factor present in normal mouse serum stimulates proliferation of late erythroid precursors grown in cultures in vitro. This factor was shown not to have a corrective effect on culture conditions by the following criteria: (a) CFU-E frequency in the absence of NMS was at least as great as published data for various mouse strains, (b) an inhibitory effect of endotoxin was ruled out, (c) sensitivity of erythroid precursors to erythropoietin was similar in the presence or absence of NMS, and (d) the number of colonies was linearly related to the cell dose. The enhancing effect of NMS was independent of hemin, transferrin, or dexamethasone, products all known to be stimulators of erythropoiesis. It was shown to be specific for CFU-E. We propose that this material be termed erythropoietic stimulating cofactor (ESCF).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Changes in hepatic lipoperoxide concentration in endotoxemic rats.

Wistar strain rats were treated with E. coli endotoxin by intraperitoneal injection (1 mg/100g body weight). Three hours after injection, the livers were excised to determine lipoperoxide concentration and superoxide dismutase activity. A significant elevation of lipoperoxide concentration and a marked reduction of superoxide dismutase activity were observed. Treatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitor were observed. Treatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (10 mg/100g) 20 minutes prior the injection of endotoxin inhibited the elevation of lipoperoxide and the reduction of superoxide dismutase induced by endotoxin. Pretreatment of free radical scavengers such as reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol prevented the accumulation of lipoperoxide in the liver. Reduced glutathione protected the hepatic superoxide dismutase from decrease by endotoxin treatment. However, alpha-tocopherol did not maintain liver superoxide dismutase activity following the injection of endotoxin. These results indicate that endotoxemia gives rise to the accumulation of hepatic lipoperoxide by the activation of a production system and impairment of an elimination system of superoxide radicals.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1981

Purification and further characterization of phenol extract from Listeria monocytogenes.

A phenol-water extract of Listeria monocytogenes virulent strains 9-125 (serotype 4b) was purified by 3 cycles of ultracentrifugation. The purified extract reacted positively in Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. This value was 1,000 times higher than that for Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. The phenol extract was toxic to chicken embryos (median lethal dose was 40.5 micrograms) and contained carbohydrates (heptose, hexose, hexosamine, methylpentose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate, dideoxyhexose), lipid, 16 amino acids in the protein moiety, glucosamine, galactosamine, phosphorus, and ribonucleic acid.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative determination of endotoxin in plasma by means of a new chromogenic peptide substrate. A methodological study.

Endotoxins are highly biologically active compounds found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. A method has been developed to determine endotoxins quantitatively in plasma, using Limulus lysate and a new chromogenic peptide substrate (S-2423, KabiVitrum, AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Blood samples were collected in pyrogen-free tubes (Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) containing heparin as anticoagulance. Platelet poor plasma was prepared by centrifugation at 1500 x g at 4 degrees C for 10 min. Standard solutions were prepared by adding E-coli endotoxin (Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) to plasma from normals. Limulus lysate (Pyrogent, Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) was incubated with samples and standards for 30 min. at 37 degrees C. The chromogenic substrate /S-2423) was then added and the mixture incubated for 3 1/2 min. The reaction was stopped with 50% acetic acid. Absorbance read against a separate plasma blank was recorded photometrically at 405 nm. The standard curve was linear in the range 0.025 to 0.200 ng/ml.

Chromogenic Compounds↗