[General Unary Hypotheses Automaton-method for automatic retrieval of scientific hypotheses].
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Electronic Data Processing↗
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Results for “Information Science”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Freedom↗
Communicating the results of NLM grant-supported library projects.
National Library of Medicine research, resource project, and resource improvement grant-related communication activity was measured and examined as an initial task in exploring information exchanges in health sciences librarianship. Grantees were generally found to be reporting results extensively in a variety of written formats and oral presentations. Ways to improve the transfer and utilization of research and development activity results are presented.
Financing, Government↗
[The formation of a collection of DNA from patients with endogenous psychoses and the prospects for its use in molecular genetic research in psychiatry].
A genetic study of psychiatric diseases meets a lot of difficulties because of incomplete penetrance, phenocopies, probable genetic heterogeneity. The progress in exploring of new effective markers and human genome mapping enables one to undertaken a systematic search for alleles confirming susceptibility to manic depressive illness and schizophrenia. It is important therefore to have in one's disposal the collection of DNA samples appropriate for different aspects of molecular genetic study. The collection of DNA samples deposited in National Centre for Mental Health of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences includes DNA of informative small-scaled families and a number of DNA from unrelated subjects with manic-depressive illness, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders. This collection may be used for linkage analysis, association and sib-pair studies and for detection of mutations responsible for mental diseases.
Academies and Institutes↗
Good research practices: a commonsense approach to ensuring quality in research facilities.
This guideline can be a useful tool for assisting and assessing "non-GLP" laboratories in academic and contract settings. This guideline has proven useful in assessing academic and/or contract labs where a final product is needed which would meet FDA expectations for preclinical or clinical research. Because of differing research settings and study types, we apply the standards in a flexible manner. For example, in some settings, the study plan is simply documented in a research notebook as the study unfolds, whereas in other settings a written protocol (which is signed by the principal investigator) is in place prior to study initiation. Additionally, all criteria may not be applicable to every research facility. The focus of this guideline is to ensure that sufficient documentation exists which will allow for study reconstruction and to provide adequate evidence that the raw data generated by the facility are accurate. This guideline is a useful tool for Quality Assurance personnel and can also be used by research personnel in the development of appropriate quality systems for their research environment.
Biological Assay↗
Addressing the health information needs of rural Missouri health care providers: an IAIMS assistant experience.
A one-year internship at the University of Missouri-Columbia offered an opportunity for a health sciences librarian to contribute to Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) activities and take information management ideas back home. The IAIMS Assistant addressed information access issues. The Assistant helped to develop and administer a "Rural Provider Questionnaire" to assess the information needs of rural Missouri health care providers. The Health Sciences Library developed a Web page to bring together services and information resources in response to the perceived needs of health care providers associated with the Health Sciences Center. The article discusses the librarians' role in IAIMS initiatives.
Community Networks↗
The crucial role of the public health sciences in the postgenomic era.
Genomic sequence information and gene and protein expression patterns must be linked with information about diet and metabolism, lifestyle behaviors, diseases and medications, and microbial, chemical, and physical exposures. These linkages depend upon the public health sciences: epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health sciences, pathobiology, health sciences research, and clinical prevention trials.
Environmental Health↗
Improved prediction of success in surgical clerkship through measures of information processing.
A new system for predicting success of surgical student performance has been developed. A test of surgical knowledge, with questions given in the form of analogies, was administered to 16 students in their fourth week of clerkship. While solving test items, students' eye movements and fixations were tracked. By analysis of the recordings, eight scores of information-processing capabilities were derived. The processing scores and conventional predictors of medical school clinical performance were analyzed to determine their power to predict success, defined by ratings given on a 1 to 10 scale by 21 faculty members based on three tests of cognitive knowledge, two performance-based examinations, and faculty reports. The ratings were reliable (generalizability coefficient = 0.72; p less than 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis of all variables selected one MCAT score (science problems) and two information-processing scores to the statistical model that maximally predicted success. Regression coefficient for the science problem subset of the MCAT was 0.42. This was augmented to R2 = 0.77 when information processing variables were included. The increment was significant, F (2, 11) = 9.25; p less than 0.01. A newly developed test, coupled with techniques that made possible the derivation of components of information processing, nearly doubled the power of conventional tests to predict success in surgical clerkship.
Aptitude Tests↗
Application of antisense oligonucleotides for gene functionalization and target validation.
The Human Genome Project (complete sequencing of the human genome) will be complete soon and the information made available to the biomedical community. Although the project is not yet complete, it has dramatically changed the practice of biomedical sciences. With enormous amounts of information available from sequencing efforts, increasing demands are being put on researchers to quickly determine the biochemical function of novel molecular targets and to validate them as appropriate for drug discovery endeavors. Antisense oligonucleotides are an ideal technology for gene functionalization and target validation. They are an efficient methodology for gene functionalization and target validation and are a proven technology. Antisense technology can answer questions with a high degree of precision and it is a versatile technology. In this review the use of antisense oligonucleotides as a research tool for gene functionalization and target validation is discussed.
Animals↗
Biotechnology awareness study, Part 1: Where scientists get their information.
A model study, funded by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and conducted by the Southeastern/Atlantic Regional Medical Library (RML) and the University of Maryland Health Sciences Library, attempted to assess the information needs of researchers in the developing field of biotechnology and to determine the resources available to meet those needs in major academic health sciences centers. Nine medical schools in RML Region 2 were selected to participate in a biotechnology awareness study. A survey was conducted of the nine medical school libraries to assess their support of biotechnology research. To identify the information needs of scientists engaged in biotechnology-related research at the schools, a written survey was sent to the deans of the nine institutions and selected scientists they had identified. This was followed by individual, in-depth interviews with both the deans and scientists surveyed. In general, scientists obtained information from three major sources: their own experiments, personal communication with other scientists, and textual material (print or electronic). For textual information, most study participants relied on personal journal subscriptions. Tangential journals were scanned in the department's library. Only a few of these scientists came to the health sciences library on a regular basis. Further, the study found that personal computers have had a major impact on how biotechnologists get and use information. Implications of these findings for libraries and librarians are discussed.
Awareness↗
Facilitating access to consumer health information: a collaborative approach employing applied research.
Responsibility for the provision of consumer health information typically lies within the public library domain or the health sciences library arena. In many communities, both types of libraries provide support for consumer health information services, often with varying levels of expertise. Public library employees may or may not be trained in the use of health and biomedical information resources. Conversely, health sciences library staff may or may not be familiar with information needs of the lay public within their community. To offset these potential differences, a model was developed to assess the health information needs of community members and to provide training for public library staff regarding use of relevant electronic consumer health information resources.
Access to Information↗
Osteolysis: basic science.
Since the recognition of aseptic loosening by Charnley in the early 1960s, much information has been gained on the basic science of periprosthetic bone loss. Initially termed cement disease, it now generally is accepted that, in most instances, osteolysis is a manifestation of an adverse cellular response to phagocytosable particulate wear and corrosion debris, possibly facilitated by local hydrodynamic effects. Tissue explant, animal, and cell culture studies have allowed us to compile an appreciation of the complexity of cellular interactions and chemical mediators involved in osteolysis. Cellular participants have been shown to include the macrophage, osteoblast, fibroblast, and osteoclast. The plethora of chemical mediators that are responsible for the cellular responses and effects on bone include prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin 6. However, an increasing number of other proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, prostenoids, and enzymes have been shown to play important roles in this process. The ultimate goal of basic research is to develop novel strategies for evaluation and treatment of patients with osteolysis. Although initial animal studies are promising for possible pharmacologic treatment and prevention of osteolysis, well-controlled human trials are required before agents such as bisphosphonates can be recommended for general clinical use.
Animals↗
[Organization of a medical information service in the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].
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Abstracting and Indexing↗
A SERLINE-based union list of serials for basic health sciences libraries: a detailed protocol.
In March 1981 the Consortium for Information Resources (CIR) was chosen by the Massachusetts Health Sciences Library Network to develop and automate a statewide biomedical union list of serials. Employing a commercial processor, ANSI standard Z39.42-1980, and SERLINE, CIR consolidated the journal holdings of six Massachusetts health-related library consortia. SERLINE, with its unique identifier as the single control element, governed the form of entry and bibliographic data for each journal. Additionally, SERLINE enhanced the union list by providing "see references" and general notations to map users to main titles or special information. An original feature of this union list is the "rolled" holdings and location statements intended to encourage even distribution of interlibrary loan transactions. The resulting union list of serials includes the holdings of 116 Massachusetts libraries, 94 of which are hospital libraries. The list includes nearly 3,000 unique titles and 15,000 holdings statements; production costs averaged $1.35 per unique title and 27 per holdings statement.
Information Systems↗
An emerging discourse: toward epistemic diversity in nursing.
Grounded in a postmodern feminist methodology, this article undertakes an initial analysis of a newly emerging discourse in contemporary nursing academia in the United States. Two currently prominent discourses in nursing, a dominant discourse informed by the processes and values of "science" in the Enlightenment sense and a concurrent marginalized discourse informed by postmodernism, are described as a context for the emerging discourse. A genealogy informed by the work of Foucault is presented as a basis for an analysis of the power effects resulting from the conflict between these 2 discourses. Finally, 3 recent texts in nursing are analyzed and common themes identified as indicative of a new intertextual discourse, termed "epistemic diversity," emerging from this discursive conflict.
Communication↗
Beyond the library: IAIMS at Georgetown University.
The strategic planning process and the pilot phase projects undertaken by Georgetown University for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) are described. Emphasis is placed on core services such as a local area network, an academic information management center in the library, and expansion of health sciences databases for improved access to biomedical information. Special applications in education and clinical care are highlighted. The library, a key to IAIMS activities, has emerged in a leadership role at Georgetown.
Academic Medical Centers↗
Some recent developments at the National Lending Library for Science and Technology, Boston Spa, Yorkshire.
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Computers↗
Networking consumer health information: bringing the patient into the medical information loop.
The Library of the Health Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago obtained a grant from the Illinois State Library to implement a statewide demonstration project that would provide consumer health information (CHI) using InfoTrac's Health Reference Center CD-ROM database. The goals of the project were to cooperate with targeted public libraries and clinics in providing CHI at the earliest point of need; to provide access to the database via a dial-up network server and a toll-free telephone number; and to work with targeted sites on database training, core CHI reference sources, and referral procedures. This paper provides background information about the project; describes the major systems and technical issues encountered; and discusses the outcomes, impact, and envisioned enhancements.
CD-ROM↗