Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Information Processing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Information processing of visually presented picture and word stimuli by young hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children.

Eleven hearing-impaired children and 11 normal-hearing children (mean = four years 11 months) were visually presented familiar items in either picture or word form. Subjects were asked to recognize the stimuli they had seen from cue cards consisting of pictures or words. They were then asked to recall the sequence of stimuli by arranging the cue cards selected. The hearing-impaired group and normal-hearing subjects performed differently with the picture/picture (P/P) and word/word (W/W) modes in the recognition phase. The hearing impaired performed equally well with both modes (P/P and W/W), while the normal hearing did significantly better on the P/P mode. Furthermore, the normal-hearing group showed no difference in processing like modes (P/P and W/W) when compared to unlike modes (W/P and P/W). In contrast, the hearing-impaired subjects did better on like modes. The results were interpreted, in part, as supporting the position that young normal-hearing children dual code their visual information better than hearing-impaired children.

Child↗
PubMed1973

Information processing in the retina: importance of chloride ions.

Electrophysiological recording methods were applied to the isolated, retina-eyecup preparation of the rabbit. Perfusion with a chloride-free solution has a selective, reversible effect on the retinal network. This study establishes chloride ions as an important requirement for certain "information channels" within the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Electrophysiologic abnormalities of auditory and visual information processing in patients with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: Through both auditory and visual modalities, we sought to explore the efficacy of event-related potentials in detecting residual cognitive impairments in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Control subjects and TBI patients with favorable recovery were recruited. Pure tone and primary color discrimination tasks were utilized to elicit auditory and visual event-related potentials, respectively. All subjects were instructed to push a response button when they detected the target stimuli. Both behavioral and electrophysiologic responses were obtained simultaneously. We analyzed the event-related potential waveforms and examined the differences in amplitude, latency, behavioral reaction time, and response accuracy. RESULTS: A total of 11 TBI patients and 11 control subjects were tested. Results showed that (1) TBI patients had significantly lower P300 amplitude in both auditory (11.2 vs. 22. 7 microV) and visual (11.6 vs. 20.9 microV) domains, (2) TBI patients had significantly longer P300 latency in both auditory (355 vs. 294 msecs) and visual (376 vs. 341 msecs) modalities, and (3) although there was no significant difference in response accuracy (97.7%vs. 100%), reaction time for both auditory and visual tasks were significantly longer in TBI patients (auditory, 404 vs. 277 msecs; visual, 397 vs. 346 msecs). CONCLUSION: Although TBI patients with good recovery showed similar response accuracy when compared with control subjects, they demonstrated significantly poorer performance in both electrophysiologic and behavioral responses. Diminished amplitudes and prolonged latencies in P300 responses indicate impaired organization and categorization of incoming sensory information; prolonged behavioral reaction times suggest slowing in the response execution process. Clinical and theoretical implications and goals for continued research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Measurement of information processing delays in human visual cortex with repetitive magnetic coil stimulation.

Previous work disclosed that single magnetic coil (MC) pulses applied over human calcarine cortex could suppress perception of letters briefly presented, e.g. 80-100 ms earlier. Although individual MC stimuli presented 0-60 ms, or more than 140 ms after the visual stimulus were apparently ineffective, combinations of 2 or 3 MC pulses at such intervals temporarily depressed visual perception. Thus, progressing of such language information could be slowed, without being abolished. By contrast, when the first MC pulse was delivered 120 ms or later, a second MC pulse 40 ms later had no detectable effect, implying that calcarine cortex had already transmitted the information. Perceptual recovery of 5-character words initially occurred no earlier than that of random letters, nor or random letters vs. arbitrary linear patterns, implying that the processing delays in calcarine cortex were similar.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Information processing during two types of EEG activity.

A 15-year-old girl whose EEG contained frequent bursts of generalized sub-clinical spikewave activity was examined on a paced serial-choice response task with simultaneous EEG control. The task was carried out at three different speeds and three different information loads. Performance was compared during paroxysms of spike-wave activity and during normal EEG background activity. Four parameters of performance were compared, each parameter being somewhat differently affected by spike-wave activity. "Response ambiguity" was significantly increased in the presence of spike-wave activity, with a corresponding decrease in the amount of "information transmitted". The "absolute rate" at which information could be transmitted in relation to presentation rate was consequently reduced during spike-wave activity, the effect being most marked at the intermediate speed of presentation (1 signal/2 sec). However, when signals were presented very slowly (1/4 sec) the child's "relative information transmitted" during spike-wave activity approached that achieved under normal background conditions. Thus, accuracy of performance per se is not critically affected by spike-wave; rather it is the rate at which signals can be handled. Spike-wave may therefore be conceptualized as a form of "neural noise" whose effect is to reduce a subject's channel capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Cognitive rigidity in information processing of chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics.

This study investigated Concept Identification (CI) performance and hypothesis behavior of 100 chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic and matched normal Ss as functions of motor-cognitive, personality-perceptual, and psychomotor speed parameters of rigidity. The CI task was designed to test the effects of five levels of information complexity and to examine 10 categories of hypothesis strategies utilized in conceptual problem solving. It was found that normals were superior to schizophrenics in CI and that schizophrenics performed more poorly than normals at higher complexity levels. Normals were markedly less rigid on the motor-cognitive dimension than were schizophrenics. Correlational analysis revealed a number of reliable relationships between the three rigidity measures and the 10 hypothesis categories. Some insight was gained about the role of rigidity in utilization of effective strategies in problem solving; the psychomotor speed factor emerged as the best predictor of schizophrenics' hypothesis behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Age differences in processing information from television news: the effects of bisensory augmentation.

Younger and older adults listened to segments of television news under one of three conditions: (a) Listen, in which they heard the auditory portion of the segment without its visual track; (b) Listen + Read, in which they listened to the auditory track only while reading along with a written transcript; and (c) Listen + Television, in which they heard the original televised segment complete with audio and visual track. Younger adults showed better free recall for the spoken information when it was augmented by the written transcript or video track; older adults did not show this benefit of bisensory augmentation. Subjects were also tested on a Daneman and Carpenter (1980) style measure of working memory processing. This measure accounted for virtually all age variance in memory performance in the unaugmented Listen condition. In the Listen + TV condition, however, there was a substantial proportion of age variance in performance which could not be accounted for in terms of working memory processing. Results are discussed in terms of the varying involvement of working memory processing in age differences as a function of input modality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Two kinds of interference in visual information processing (author's transl)].

An original stimulus (OS) containing three letters in a three by three matrix was briefly presented and followed, after various interstimulus intervals (ISIs), by an interpolated stimulus (IS) containing mask patterns. The exposure of IS impaired severely both position and identity recalls when ISIs were shorter than 20 ms. At longer ISIs, mere exposure of IS did not impair recall of OS, but, if the subjects were asked to make the recall, recognition, or reversal recall of IS before the recall of OS, these tasks caused the selective loss of position information of OS. The results suggested that visual backward masking originates in iconic storage, and visual retroactive interference originates in retrieval process from the visual short-term store.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Differential contribution of right and left amygdala to affective information processing.

Evidence for a differential involvement of the human left and right amygdala in emotional and cognitive behaviour is reviewed, with a particular emphasis on functional imaging results and case reports on patients with amygdalar damage. The available evidence allows one to conclude that there is definitely a hemisphere specific processing difference between the left and right amygdala. However, between studies the direction of the asymmetry is partly incongruent. In spite of this, the following tentative proposals are made: the left amygdala is more closely related to affective information encoding with a higher affinity to language and to detailed feature extraction, and the right amygdala to affective information retrieval with a higher affinity to pictorial or image-related material. Furthermore, the right amygdala may be more strongly engaged than the left one in a fast, shallow or gross analysis of affect-related information.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Effects of two doses of methylphenidate on verbal information processing in hyperactive children.

Nine hyperactive children participated in three sessions. During each they were given one of three drugs (placebo, 10 mg, or 21 mg of methylphenidate) in a double-blind crossover study. Following drug administration they were tested on three cognitive tasks. For one task, structural, acoustic, or semantic degrees of encoding of verbal information were induced. Memory for the verbal information was then tested. The 10-mg dose resulted in overall improvement of word recognition and recall. The 21-mg dose did not result in improvement. Amount of improvement was not related to degree of encoding of words. Two other tasks, learning a list of words and visual search of letters from a briefly presented display, were not affected by either the 10- or 21-mg dose. The results indicate that verbal learning can be facilitated by a low dose of methylphenidate but that the dose range may be narrow. Also, certain individuals did not respond favorably to either dose. In discussing the results, the possibility is presented that methylphenidate-induced facilitation may be restricted to certain types of learning or certain methods of assessing retrieval of information.

Attention↗
PubMed2000

[Cancer therapy and processing information].

The National Cancer Center Japan started to provide free, computer-based cancer information, through a service called the National Cancer Center--Cancer Information Service (NCC-CIS), to patients and their families, physicians and other health professionals via fax (telephone) and the Internet in 1996. NCC-CIS in Japanese is modeled on the Physician Data Query service produced by the National Cancer Institute in the United States and is produced from an independent standpoint adopted to the medical and social environment in Japan. NCC-CIS provides up-to-date cancer treatment information (staging, prognosis and state-of-the-art treatment by stage of disease), supportive care for each type of cancer, an image reference database, and a directory of organizations and lecture meeting reports in Japan in order to facilitate better understanding of cancer among people and support the decision-making process for physicians in order to achieve a reduction in cancer deaths.

Humans↗