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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Indirect hemagglutination inhibition reactions as a method of titrating immune serums. V. Application of the reaction to the quantitative determination of immunoglobulins A, M and G in human blood sera].

The authors present the results of using the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test (IHIT) for quantitative determination of A, M and G immunoglobulins in the blood sera of humans in comparison with the method of radial immunodiffusion in agar (RID) after Mancini. The results of IHIT were no less precise and reproducible than those of RID. The significance of the correlation coefficient of grades after Spirman constituted greater than 99.9% for both tests. On this basis a conclusion was made that, having a number of advantages over RID, IHIT could be recommended for quantitative titration of immunoglobulins of various classes.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1994

Effects of low pH on hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities of west equine encephalomyelitis virus.

1. The hemagglutinating (HA) and hemolytic (HL) activities mediated by egg-propagated west equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus preparations were investigated. 2. The purified virus preparation exhibited the best HA and HL activity at pH 6.0 and 6.0-6.2, respectively, as observed in the HA and HL tests. 3. In the virus preparations, both HA and HL activities were completely lost upon pretreatment at low pH (6.0). 4. The present results suggest that the alphavirus-mediated HA and HL activities against chicken erythrocytes can be considered to be a fusion "from without".

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of electrocardiographic alterations in apparently healthy persons with indirect hemagglutination reaction positive for toxoplasmosis].

An indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) for toxoplasmosis and electrocardiogram (EKG) were performed to 11,161 apparently healthy inhabitants with negative IHAT for Chagas' disease, from 259 rural and periurban localities sited in the first seven regions of Chile (geographic area of distribution of Chagas' disease in the country). The age of the 11,161 examined people ranged between 5 and 94 years, being 4,518 males and 6,643 females. The IHAT for toxoplasmosis was considered positive with titers > or = 1:16. This test resulted positive in 3,519 (31.1%) persons (30.8% in males and 32.0% in females). Positivity of the IHAT increased from 21.2%, in the youngest group (< 10 years) up to 46.9% in the oldest group (> or = 60 years). Different types of EKG alterations were observed in 10.9% of the IHAT positive individuals and in 7.9% of the IHAT negative ones. In both groups the percentages of altered EKG increased parallel with age. The overall difference of percentages of altered EKG in IHAT positive and IHAT negative persons has a statistical significance with p < 0.001. This study suggest the convenience to consider toxoplasmosis as a cause of chronic myocardiopathy in epidemiological studies on Chagas' disease, because a possible Toxoplasma gondii infection may contribute to overincrease the magnitude of the impact of Trypanosoma cruzi in the generation of the quoted myocardiopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification and characterization of a Mycoplasma synoviae 55,000-molecular-weight antigen associated with hemagglutination.

Serological studies have shown that some antigenic determinants are conserved among several pathogenic Mycoplasma species, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, and M. gallisepticum. M. synoviae, an avian pathogen that shares certain morphological and biological features with the above-mentioned mycoplasmas, was examined by the protein immunoblot procedure for its reactivity with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum specific for the major (190,000 molecular-weight [MW]) adhesion P1 protein of M. pneumoniae. A single polypeptide of M. synoviae of approximately 55,000 MW was recognized by the anti-P1 antiserum. The 55,000-MW antigen was electroeluted following electrophoretic separation of M. synoviae polypeptides, and the eluted protein was used for immunization of mice for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal antiserum. Immunoelectron microscopy with MAbs and gold-conjugated secondary antibodies showed that the 55,000-MW antigen was located at the cell surface and was more densely clustered around the bleb-like protuberance of the cell. Immuno-affinity-purified 55,000-MW antigen, as well as the antibodies produced against it, blocked the hemagglutination by M. synoviae.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[The determination of hemagglutinating antibodies with polyvalent E, coli O antigens in infections of the urinary tract in childhood (author's transl)].

42 sera from children with acute urinary tract infections and 71 sera from children with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections were examined for antibodies by means of indirect hemagglutination with eight different polyvalent O antigens from a total of 143 E. coli strains and compared with a control group from 142 children. 72% of the children with acute urinary tract infection had a raised antibody titer. On the other hand, the group with chronic recurrent urinary tract infection showed raised antibody titers in only 23% of cases. The method is suitable for random sample investigations and for observation of the course of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Passive hemagglutination, lymphoblastic transformation, and leukocyte migration applied to the diagnosis of brucellosis].

Passive hemagglutination test (HP) after binding of ABS antigen to SRBC by chromium chloride, lymphocyte transformation (TTL) and inhibition of leukocyte migration (TML) tests were compared to tube agglutination and complement fixation tests, and to clinical symptoms for diagnosis of brucellosis. Both TTL and TML persist for years after contact with brucella. HP is the most reliable serologic test.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

Passive hemagglutination reaction test using formalinized sheep erythrocytes treated with tannic acid and coated with proteast or elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods were established for estimating antibodies of protease and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by passive hemagglutination (HA) tests using fixed sheep erythrocytes coated with each of the two enzymes. High antibody titers of protease and elastase were found in the HA tests on sera in some cases suffered from P. aeruginosa infection. The evaluation of the HA tests was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Diagnosis of pregnancy in marmosets: hemagglutination inhibition test and radioimmunoassay for urinary chorionic gonadotropin.

The Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test kit was used for diagnosis of pregnancy in 17 marmosets. This hemagglutination inhibition test for urinary chorionic gonadotropin accurately indicated conception by positive responses in 72 and 76 specimens collected between the 4th and 10th wk following the estimated time of fertilization. The rate of false positive results did not exceed 1%. A radioimmunoassay system was used to quantify chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in urine. Detectable levels were present by the 2nd week of pregnancy. Peak chorionic gonadotropin levels were found between the 7th to 9th wk after conception. Chorionic gonadotropin excretion rates declined to undetectable levels during the final month of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the usefulness of a new generation of tests for detection in humans of antibodies for 9, 12 antigens of Salmonella. II. Comparison of agreement of DOT-ELISA, latex and passive hemagglutination tests].

The study was aimed at comparison of concordance of results obtained by Dot-ELISA, latex (OL) and passive hemagglutination (OHB) tests used for determination of antibodies for 9, 12 Salmonella antigen in serum of selected groups of humans. The basis for this comparison was frequency of detection in each of the test of antibodies for 9, 12 antigen in the titer accepted as diagnostically significant. Results of OHB and OL were concordant in 91.7%, whereas by application of OHB and Dot-ELISA it concerned 60.04% of cases. The concordance of OL and Dot-ELISA was equal to 60%. Agreement of results obtained by comparative tests was statistically significant. Parallel detection by Dot-ELISA, OL and OHB of antibodies for 9, 12 antigen in samples from patients with infection has demonstrated that complete concordance of results of all three tests was obtained in 29 out of 68 tested samples. These results suggest suitability of both Dot-ELISA and OL tests in evaluation of antibody level for antigen 9, 12 of group D Salmonella. It was found that most useful diagnostic procedure should involve parallel application of two tests: OL and Dot-ELISA or OHB and Dot-ELISA.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the postvaccination level of influenza antibodies by means of the radial immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition reactions].

Comparative data on the antibody levels obtained by the radial immunodiffusion and hemagglutination inhibition tests were studied. The possibility of using the radial immunodiffusion test for evaluation of the level of influenza antibody in human sera was confirmed. Because this method has comparatively low sensitivity (positive results were obtained only with sera having angihemagglutinin titers of 1:80 or higher), it may have only a limited use in studies of immunogenic activity of live influenza vaccines.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

[Indirect hemagglutination via glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes for determining anti-anthrax antibodies].

The so-called passive hemagglutination reaction is used in this country to determine the serum level of anthrax antibodies in immunized individuals. Use is made of an erythrocyte diagnostic means prepared from formalin- and tannin-treated sheep erythrocytes that have been sensibilized with a protective anthrax antigen. An attempt has been made to replace this means by another one obtained by treating the same erythrocytes with glutaric aldehyde. Comparative studies reveal that the new diagnostic means is equally effective in the passive hemaglutination reaction as is the classic method using formalin- and tannin-treated erythrocytes. The suggested method of erythrocyte treatment proves more feasible, and, according to preliminary data, the new diagnostic means has longer shelf-life.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1993

Determination of hemagglutination-inhibition titers to influenza A virus in porcine sera by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An ELISA-based method to estimate hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titer was developed. Subtype specificity was obtained by using purified H1 and H3 hemagglutinin antigens. Using the linear relation that exists between ELISA and HI methods, regression lines for H1N1- and H3N2-monospecific porcine antisera were constructed. Approximation of actual HI titer could be obtained from insertion of ELISA values into the appropriate regression line. The HI estimations were within 50% of the actual measured HI value 84% of the time. In young pigs that had suckled immune sows, use of this ELISA revealed estimated HI titer > 320 at 2 and 4 weeks of age. After a typical farm outbreak of influenza A/swine (H1N1), estimated HI titers remain high for 4 to 6 months. Sub-type-specific estimation of the distribution frequency of positive influenza A (H1N1 or H3N2) results for sera from swine in regional herds indicated that 31.3 and 7.4% of the swine tested were positive (HI > 41) for H1N1 and H3N2, respectively. From these observations, we conclude that in many circumstances, an ELISA-based HI estimation method could be used as a substitute for the HI test.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Passive hemagglutination inhibition test for diagnosis of brown recluse spider bite envenomation.

Our goal was to recreate a passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHAI) test to diagnose brown recluse spider (BRS; Loxosceles reclusa) bite envenomation for treatment trials. Guinea pigs received intradermal injections of concentrated spider venom from the following species: Loxosceles reclusa, Argiope aurantia, Argiope trifasciata, Phidippus audax, and Lycosa frondicola. Skin lesion exudate was collected and tested with the BRS venom PHAI assay. From 51 separate collections of exudate, test sensitivity was 90% as long as 3 days after venom injection. Specificity was 100% with venom from the other spider species listed above in vivo (7 test samples) and in vitro (5 test samples), as well as with random bacterial exudate with and without added serial dilutions of BRS venom (10 test samples). The test was reproducible over repetitive assays to within one 10-fold dilution. A positive PHAI test result could function as an entry criterion for BRS bite victims in human treatment trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralizing antibodies to arboviruses in horses of java.

A study was conducted to measure the prevalence of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibodies against two arboviruses (Chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis virus) in horses of Java, Indonesia. Blood specimens were collected from a sample of 112 horses at two stables: Pulo Mas, a racing track-horse complex, located in a residential area in North Jakarta, and Pamulang, a riding school, located in a rural environment of West Jaya. Sera were tested by the HI assay and plaque reduction neutralization test. JEV antibodies were detected by HI in 58 (52%) of the horses, while only 11 (10%) had Chikungunya antibodies by HI. The proportion of Pamulang horses infected with JEV (66%) was significantly higher than found among Pulo Mas horses (40%) screened (p < 0.01). Of the 58 horses with JEV antibodies by HI, 52 (90%) were found to have specific neutralization antibodies to JEV. HI and neutralization tests on horse sera indicated that the risk to alpha virus infections was minimal in horses surveyed from Java. However, there was a high risk of JEV infection among the same population.

Alphavirus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An antigen for the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections by passive hemagglutination.

The authors establish the optimal conditions (protein concentration, temperature) for the coupling of purified mycoplasma antigen to sheep red blood cells, in order to obtain an antigenic complex stable for at least 1 year. This comples allows specific determination by passive hemagglutination--a simple and rapid technique--of anti-mycoplasma antibodies in the sera of men or animals suspected of mycoplasma infections. Under the stated experimental conditions, antibody titers equal to or higher than 1/128 indicate an infection with M. pneumoniae.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of drugs on the results of passive hemagglutination test].

Study on the effects of some drugs on the results of passive hemagglutination test used for the detection of antitetanus antibodies in the blood serum showed that some drugs had a pronounced dose-dependent effect on antibody titers in experiments in vitro with standard antitoxic serum. The possibility of such errors should not be disregarded when assessing the results of the test.

Clostridium tetani↗