Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FATTY LIVER”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: importance of risk factors and histological spectrum.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with several metabolic conditions (MC) and secondary causes, but the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and the underlying aetiology of NAFLD has not been extensively explored. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of IR among NAFLD patients and to describe IR according to risk factors and histological findings of the disease. METHODOLOGY: A case-series study of 64 patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of NAFLD. IR was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and IR was considered when HOMA > or = 3. Histological grades of NAFLD were: stage 1, steatosis isolated; stage 2, steatosis and inflammation; stage 3, steatosis and ballooning degeneration; stage 4, steatosis and fibrosis and/or Mallory bodies. Fibrosis was graded 0-4 (cirrhosis). RESULTS: IR was found in 21 (33%) patients. Among those with IR, 16 patients (76%) had associated MC and five patients (24%) had exposure to petrochemicals. The mean value of HOMA varied from 3.5 in NAFLD associated with MC to 1.6 in patients with exposure to petrochemicals (P < 0.03). Waist circumference was the metabolic factor most strongly associated with IR (P < 0.005). Steatohepatitis (NASH) was observed in 54 (84.3%) cases. The HOMA mean value was significantly higher in patients with advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: IR occurred in 33% of the NAFLD patients, being more frequent among those with MC than among those with exposure to petrochemicals. The presence of IR in cases with advanced fibrosis suggests that it may influence the prognosis of NAFLD.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Gallstone disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver: prevalence and associated factors.

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance is a risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and for gallstone disease (GD). Aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with GD in unselected patients with NAFLD. METHODS: A total of 161 consecutive patients with NAFLD diagnosed through compatible ultrasonography in the absence of known etiologies of liver disease (in all patients) and/or confirmed histologically (in 61 patients), was studied. Gallstone disease was diagnosed through ultrasound scanning or on the basis of previous cholecystectomy. Anthropometric and biochemical variables and concurrent diseases were compared in 32 NAFLD-GD patients and in 129 NAFLD patients without GD (controls) according to gender. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of GD was 19.88%, higher in female patients (P < 0.05), who were older (P < 001). The overall percentage of GD increased with age (P < 0.05). The GD patients had higher uric acid (men), total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo-B) serum concentrations (women; P < 0.05); women also had a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.05). The age-corrected odds ratio of having GD by tertiles increased significantly with increasing uric acid (men) and with increasing total cholesterol, triglycerides and apo-B (women). At univariate continuous analysis GD was associated with insulin 120 min and uric acid in male patients; and with body mass index, insulin 120 min, apo-B, total cholesterol and triglycerides in female patients. On multivariate analysis it was found that among these factors only uric acid in men and apo-B in women were independently associated with GD in NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of GD in NAFLD is more elevated than reported in the general population. The factors independently associated with GD in NAFLD are different from those reported in the general population and vary according to the gender.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Effect of vitamin E on aminotransferase levels and insulin resistance in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the effect of antioxidants in paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM: To compare the effect of a nutritional programme alone or combined with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and insulin resistance (IR) in biopsy-proven NAFLD children. METHODS: IN a 12-month double-blind placebo study, 90 patients were prescribed a balanced calorie diet (25-30 cal/kg/d), physical exercise, and placebo (group A) or alpha-tocopherol 600 IU/day plus ascorbic acid 500 mg/day (group B). IR was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: At month 12, ALT (32.67 +/- 8.09 vs. 32.18 +/- 11.39 IU/L; P = NS), HOMA-IR (1.52 +/- 0.66 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.95 IU/L; P = NS), and weight loss (32% vs. 35% of excessive body weight; P = NS) did not differ between the two arms. Among subjects who lost >or=20% of their excessive weight, ALT and body weight percentage changes were significantly related (r(o) = 0.260; P = 0.03). In subjects, who lost more than 1.0 kg, HOMA-IR significantly decreased (2.20 +/- 0.21 to 1.57 +/- 0.13 in group A (P <or= 0.01; -8%); 2.91 +/- 0.24 to 1.88 +/- 0.16 in group B (-32%; P <or= 0.0001)). ALT decreased by 36% (59.13 +/- 4.11 vs. 30.27 +/- 1.46 IU/L; P <or= 0.001), and 42% (68.19 +/- 5.68 vs. 31.92 +/- 1.92 IU/L; P <or= 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, fasting insulin changes in group A (P = 0.012; F = 7.150). CONCLUSIONS: Diet and physical exercise in NAFLD children seem to lead to a significant improvement of liver function and glucose metabolism beyond any antioxidant therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a report of two cases.

In the past two years, two women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy have presented at this hospital. Both patients survived, but their babies died; published rates for both mother and fetus are up to 85% mortality with this condition. Both patients presented with symptoms and signs of impending hepatic failure including jaundice, elevated aminotransferases, leukocytosis, hepatic encephalopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation during the third trimester. Diagnosis was established by liver biopsy in both cases. The unusual good outcome for both women can be attributed to early recognition and prompt delivery, once diagnosis was considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Silent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a clinical-histological study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We studied the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis in patients with metabolic-syndrome but normal liver enzymes. The histological findings of patients with normal liver enzymes and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis were compared with those of a control-group with persistently abnormal liver enzymes. METHODS: Patients presenting with normal liver enzymes were enrolled in the study and underwent liver biopsy. Prevalence of non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis and risk factors for fibrosis and cirrhosis were evaluated. Data from a control-group with non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis and abnormal liver enzymes were used to compare the histological findings. RESULTS: Fifty-eight of the 80 patients enrolled had varying degrees of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, of these 26 had fibrosis and 8 silent cirrhosis. The association of metabolic-syndrome, female-sex, a long-history of obesity and body mass index>45 were considered to be independent risk-factors for fibrosis. Comparing the histological findings of cases and controls we found a similar severity of steatosis and fibrosis, with a greater prevalence of ballooning degeneration and glycogenated-nuclei rather than lobular-inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: In the subjects selected according to our criteria, liver enzyme levels could not be used as surrogate markers of non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis. Histological hallmarks of patients with metabolic-syndrome, normal liver enzymes and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis consist to a lesser degree of lobular-inflammation and a more severe ballooning and glycogenated-nuclei.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Stress and fatty liver--possible indications for dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids.

The favourable effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)- and doco-sahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diets (marine fish, fish oil) on several risk factors for cardiovascular disease are well established. The present survey describes possible new indications for diets supplemented with long-chain n-3 fatty acids. During a standardized psychophysiological stress test (arithmetic, sentence completion tasks) systolic blood pressure after 2 weeks of diets supplemented with either 60 ml/day of sunflower or linseed oil was significantly decreased. During the sunflower oil-rich diet 45 g/day of linoleic acid (LA) and during the linseed oil-rich period 38 g/day of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) were ingested. After a 2-week diet supplemented with mackerel (2 cans/day equivalent to 2.2 g/day of EPA and 2.8 g/day of DHA) systolic and diastolic blood pressure within the same test design appeared significantly lower. After a herring diet providing 2 cans/day, equivalent to 1.0 g of EPA and 1.8 g of DHA, the blood pressure-lowering effect was minor. The increase of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) during the stress test failed to occur after the fish diets. The results suggest a stress-protective effect of polyenoic acid-rich diets, which appears most pronounced and dose-related after long-chain n-3 fatty acids. In human liver an increase of fat droplet size in hepatocytes is associated with a decrease of the percentage of EPA in liver triglycerides. A diminution of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) after a mackerel diet might contribute to a depressed synthesis of liver triglycerides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fatty Acids, Nonesterified↗
PubMed1990

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

The authors illustrate the importance of early diagnosis, prompt delivery and intensive management of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in achieving the optimal maternal-fetal outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

This article reviews the nomenclature, clinical and histological basis for a diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, its natural history, pathophysiology and an approach to clinical management.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Influence of Protamone on fatty liver syndrome in commercial laying hens.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of Protamone on fatty liver syndrome in commercial laying hens. The addition of either 110 or 220 mg of protamone per kilogram of diet significantly lowered liver fat and also significantly reduced body weight. From histological examination of livers of hens fed Protamone it was found that the hepatocytes contained little or no lipid, whereas hepatocytes of hens fed the control diet were turgid with lipid. The addition of Protamone to the diet resulted in a significant reduction in egg production without effecting feed efficiency in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, egg production was significantly reduced and feed efficiency improved during Days 1 to 28. However, feed efficiency was poorer during Days 29 to 56 for hens receiving the Protamone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Amino acid sequences of substrate-binding sites in chicken liver fatty acid synthase.

The amino acid sequences of three essential regions of chicken liver fatty acid synthase have been determined: that around 4'-phosphopantetheine ("carrier" site), the substrate "loading" site containing serine, and a "waiting" site for the growing fatty acid containing cysteine. The amino acid sequence of the 4'-phosphopantetheine region was determined for the acetyl-, malonyl-, hydroxybutyryl-, and butyryl-enzyme with peptides obtained by hydrolysis of the enzyme with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus (V8) protease. The sequence region around the essential serine was obtained for the acetyl- and malonyl-enzyme. The N-terminus of the tryptic peptide was blocked. However, the same sequence is obtained for the acetyl- and malonyl-peptide after S. aureus protease digestion, suggesting that the enzyme contains a single acyl transferase rather than two separate transacylases. The sequence around the cysteine was obtained by use of a radioactive iodoacetamide label. An unusual sequence of three serines adjacent to the cysteine was found. The strong similarities between peptides from different species for all three of the regions suggest that the multifunctional polypeptides from yeast and animals have evolved from the monofunctional enzymes of lower species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat (IHCL). METHODS: Whole body MRI and (1)H MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS: A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% (-3.4 kg,) accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue (AT) depots, including subcutaneous (-9.9%), abdominal subcutaneous (-10.2%) and intra-abdominal-AT (-11.4%). Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle (-28.2%). Decreases in both IHCL (-39.9%) and soleus IMCL (-12.2%) content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION: This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LFTs.

Adipose Tissue, White↗
PubMed2007

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the plot thickens.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a substantial proportion of the general population and is frequently associated with many features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Currently, the importance of NAFLD and its relationship with the MetS is being increasingly recognized, and this has stimulated an interest in the possible role of NAFLD in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported the association of NAFLD with multiple classical and non-classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, there is a strong association between the severity of liver histopathology in NAFLD patients and greater carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque, and lower endothelial flow-mediated vasodilation (as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis) independent of obesity and other MetS components. Finally, it has recently been demonstrated that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death and predicts future CVD events independently of other prognostic factors, including MetS components. Overall, therefore, the evidence from these recent studies strongly emphasizes the importance of assessing the global CVD risk in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, these novel findings suggest a more complex picture and raise the possibility that NAFLD, as a component of the MetS, might not only be a marker but also an early mediator of CVD.

Atherosclerosis↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of and risk factors for fatty liver in a general population of Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of fatty liver (FL) among Shanghai adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional ultrasonographic survey with randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling was used. RESULTS: The study included 3175 subjects (1218 men) with a mean age of 52 years. FL was found in 661 (20.82%) subjects. After adjustment by age and sex, FL prevalence was found to be 17.29%, and the prevalences of alcoholic, suspected alcoholic and nonalcoholic FL were determined to be 0.79, 1.15 and 15.35%, respectively. Generally, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, and the prevalences of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia were all significantly higher in FL patients than in controls; In contrast, the levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), education and physical activity were markedly lower. Multiple regression analyses showed that only nine factors (male, educational level, waist circumference, BMI, HDL-C, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose, diabetes and hypertension) were closely related to FL. In excessive drinkers, obesity increased the risk for FL by 4.8-fold, but excessive drinking was associated with only a 1.5-fold increased risk in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS: FL in Shanghai is highly prevalent and mainly related to multiple metabolic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Relationship of hepatic steatosis to adipose tissue distribution in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

OBJECTIVE: Central adiposity, a component of insulin resistance syndrome, is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults. To determine whether a similar relationship occurs in children, hepatic fat content and adipose tissue distribution were assessed in obese children at risk for NAFLD. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of obese children undergoing evaluation for NAFLD because of hepatomegaly or elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) without obvious etiology. Hepatic fat fraction and adipose tissue distribution were obtained by rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Hepatic fat content was determined by a modification of the Dixon method that involves fast gradient echo. Body fat distribution was assessed by using heavily T1-weighted fast gradient echo technique on a single slice at the level of the umbilicus, and regions of interest were demarcated based upon pixel intensity threshold value including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue content (SAT). RESULTS: Ten children underwent hepatic MRI only. Twenty-nine children underwent hepatic and adipose tissue distribution MRI. There was a correlation between hepatic fat fraction and VAT (r = 0.37, P < 0.05) but not body mass index or SAT. Elevated serum ALT was associated with a higher hepatic fat fraction (P < 0.001) and VAT (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for pediatric NAFLD.

Abdominal Fat↗
PubMed2005

Increased orocecal transit time in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Intestinal bacterial overgrowth (IBO) has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Delayed intestinal transit may contribute to IBO development. Ten nondiabetic patients with NAFLD and abnormal liver enzymes were recruited. Ten healthy individuals, matched by sex, age, and body mass index, were used as controls. Orocecal transit time (OCTT) was measured by the lactulose breath test. Anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb) were determined. The effect of oral norfloxacin (400 mg BID during 2 weeks) on liver enzymes, lactulose breath test, and EndoCAb was also studied. NAFLD patients had higher basal breathed H2 and prolonged OCTT compared to controls (127 +/- 61 vs. 57 +/- 23 min, respectively; P = 0.0037). EndoCAb titers were similar in NAFLD patients and controls. Norfloxacin administration had no effect on ALT levels, lactulose breath test, or EndoCAb titers in patients with NAFLD. The present data show evidence of deranged intestinal motility in nondiabetic patients with NAFLD and support the hypothesis that NAFLD could be linked to endotoxin-induced liver damage of intestinal origin.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presenting with an isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase.

GOALS: To define a subset of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with isolated elevations in alkaline phophatase. BACKGROUND: NAFLD is a common referral to Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. We have noted a subset of patients with biopsy proven NAFLD who present with an isolated elevation in alkaline phosphatase instead of the more typical aminotransferase elevations. STUDY: A review of the liver biopsy database at Brooke Army Medical Center was performed with the key identifiers of "steatosis" and "steatohepatitis." Patients were separated into 2 groups depending on whether they presented with isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase (group 1), or more typical aminotransferase elevations (group 2). Multiple variables were analyzed to determine any significant differences between these groups. RESULTS: A total of 297 liver biopsies were evaluated. Of these, 135 biopsies were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 14 patients and group 2 had 121 patients. Patients in group 1 were more likely to be older females (P<0.05). Within group 1, those with steatohepatitis were older than those with steatosis (P<0.05). When analyzed with regard to histopathology, patients with steatosis in group 1 were more likely female than group 2 patients (P=0.03). Those with steatohepatitis in group 1 were older than group 2 patients (P=0.001). Five of the 7 patients with steatohepatitis in group 1 had advanced liver disease at the time of biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Older female patients with isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase and risk factors for NAFLD should be evaluated for evidence of significant steatohepatitis.

Adult↗