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PubMed1986

The genetic epidemiology of type I diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease. Molecular interactions at the population level.

Liability to type I diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease is familial but not monogenic. Associations of each disorder with several genetic polymorphisms suggest complex interactions in genetic liability, as do associations with aberrant immune function in patients and their unaffected relatives. Each disorder may be genetically heterogeneous, and epidemiological studies suggest that environmental influences on liability to type I diabetes are complex. Familial aggregation of these and other autoimmune endocrine disorders is observed. Genetic analyses have not taken full account of these complexities, due to limitations in data, analytical methods, or both. Evaluating interactions of influences on liability to these disorders will require comprehensive investigations in which all relevant immunological and genetic indicators of liability are assessed for patients, affected and unaffected relatives, and healthy controls. These should aim to determine the influence of allelic variation of participating molecules on normal and aberrant immune function, liability to autoimmunity, and liability to individual diseases. Such efforts would facilitate rational immunological manipulation of liability to these disorders.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and chromatographic properties of S-(1-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine and S-(1-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine.

Details are reported for the synthesis of S-(1-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (1-CEC) and S-(1-carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine (1-CPC) from cysteine and 2-bromopropionic acid or 2-bromobutyric acid, respectively. Some analytical data and the behaviour of these two compounds on paper and ion-exchange chromatography are also reported, which allow their identification.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1987

Facial image and object constancy: a clinical experience and a developmental inference.

This report is derived from analytic data in the case of a young woman with a concurrent neurologic deficit, prosopagnosia. The condition consists of an inability to recognize or evoke the facial images of the most familiar persons in one's life. With this disability, will there be a corresponding dysfunction in the psychologic structuralization comprising object constancy? The clinical material presented indicates a lack of object constancy in this patient, as well as a corresponding developmental fixation at the rapprochement level of separation-individuation. Reconstruction of the patient's childhood appears to corroborate these findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of Monier-Williams and Committee methods for bisulfite determination as used by the potato processing industry.

The Monier-Williams and the iodometric Committee methods were evaluated for the determination of bisulfite in potato products. Both methods showed critical problems in accuracy and precision at concentrations below 60 ppm. Sensitivity levels of 25 ppm are possible with the Monier-Williams method. However, accuracy problems reflected by the coefficients of variation (Monier-Williams, 47.4%; Committee, 78.2%) as well as variability in recoveries and blank values for both methods produce qualitative rather than quantitative analytical data at low SO2 concentrations.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Dietary intakes of mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic by Finnish children.

In connection with the Multicenter Study on Atherosclerosis Precursors in Finnish Children, the dietary intakes of some toxic heavy metals were determined. The population of this study, conducted in five urban and 12 rural areas in Finland, consisted of 1768 children ages 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years. Food consumption was measured by the 48-h recall method. The intakes of mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic were estimated using analytical data for the heavy metal content of Finnish foods. The total daily intakes of these four heavy metals increased with age. The energy-adjusted intakes of mercury, lead and arsenic were highest in the youngest age groups, whereas no change was observed in the mean cadmium intake expressed per 1000 kcal. Mean daily intakes of these metals per kg of body weight were three times higher in the 3-year-old children compared with the 18-year-olds. Cereals, potatoes and vegetables, and milk products were the main sources of these metals in the diet. Fruits and berries were also a significant source, especially in the youngest age groups. Consumption of fish was positively associated with intakes of mercury and arsenic, despite a contribution of only 1 per cent to the daily energy from this food group. The large standard deviations in the mean daily intakes of these metals indicate that exposure to these metals via diet is unevenly distributed among the Finnish children and adolescents. Further detailed evaluation of food patterns with a risk of high intakes of toxic heavy metals by children is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assay of calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines for calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium by using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.

An inductively coupled plasma spectrometric method is described for the determination of 4 elements (Ca, B, P, and Mg) in calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines. Samples are diluted, acidified, and sprayed directly into the plasma. Reproducibility relative confidence intervals for a single sample assay are +/- 1.4% (calcium), +/- 1.8% (boron), +/- 2.6% (phosphorus), and +/- 1.4% (magnesium). The total element concentrations for each of 4 elements compared favorably with concentrations determined by alternative methods. Formulation estimates of levels of calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium salts can be made from the analytical data.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Growth retardation, GH deficiency, hyperprolactinemia and delayed puberty].

A case of a male eleven years and three months old, brought to medical attention for short height, is reported. A deficiency of growth hormone associated with hyperprolactinemia without previous clinical manifestations is appreciated in endocrinological study. Detectable tumor is not apparent in any of the investigations performed. HGH and bromocriptine therapy is initiated, resulting in and increase in height and a decrease of prolactin. Currently, at fifteen years four months of age, clinical and analytical data suggest a case of hypogonadism and puberal retardation as well.

Child↗
PubMed1969

Tissue distribution of glycosphingolipids in a case of Fabry's disease.

A survey was made of the glycolipid composition of various tissues, including liver, spleen, kidney (cortex and medulla), lymph node, pancreas, prostate gland, heart muscle, thenar muscle, gastrointestinal smooth muscle, frontal cerebral cortex, anterior thalamus, brain stem, a peripheral autonomic ganglion, and renal arterial intima and media, from a patient who died with Fabry's disease. The tissues had been fixed in formalin for 3 yr. Analytical data on trihexosyl ceramide from heart muscle and pancreas indicate a structure identical to trihexosyl ceramide from kidney: galactosylgalactosylglucosyl ceramide. Fatty acid compositions of trihexosyl ceramide and dihexosyl ceramide revealed a wide range of fatty acids, with 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0, and 24:1 predominating. These glycolipids comprised 10-41% of the total lipid in the formalin-fixed organs studied. Trihexosyl ceramide predominated in all tissues and was the only glycolipid found in muscle tissues, lymph node, and arterial tissues. Dihexosyl ceramide was found in kidney, pancreas, liver, spleen, and cerebral tissues. The accumulation of trihexosyl ceramide in cardiac muscle and arterial tissues may account in part for the cardiovascular complications so prominent in Fabry's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Amino acid composition of human semen from different clinical diagnoses].

The amino acid analysis of human semen shows for the different clinical diagnoses the predominant amino acids aspartic acid, serine, glycine, leucine and lysine. Analytical data indicate that there were differences in the amino acid composition between oligo- or azoospermia and terato- or asthenozoospermia by aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, glycine, alanine and isoleucine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

[Normal values and diagnostic reliability of laboratory tests].

After an introduction on various aspects marking the reliability of analytical data, the AA. discuss the diagnostic value of laboratory tests dwelling upon three important moments regarding the necessity to examine closely the nature of biologic parameters and their nosological meaning, their statistical distribution in a population and some concepts of Normality that may be found in Clinical Chemistry.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1981

[Age dependency of normal and modified nucleobases in urine in correlation to growth velocity (author's transl)].

Up to now no age-correlated normal values of normal and modified nucleobases in urine have been published. In this paper such normal values are presented, obtained from 116 healthy subjects from 0 to 16 years by high performance liquid chromatography of creatinine-correlated single urine specimens. A narrow correlation between the excretion of nucleobases and growth velocity was found. A polynomial function including the puberal growth spurt could be fitted to the analytical data. It is felt that this method should be suitable to assess growth processes of different kinds, e.g. effects of nutrition or drugs and hormones on growth velocity, furthermore intrauterine and malignant growth.

Adenine↗
PubMed1982

[Screening, detection and biotransformation of lormetazepam, a new hypnotic agent from the 1,4-benzodiazepine series (author's transl)].

The paper describes a screening procedure for 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin- 2-one (lormetazepam, Noctamid) and other important analytical data (TLC, GLC, UV-, IR- and mass spectra) of this new benzodiazepine derivative. Screening results after a single p.o. dose of 1 mg lormetazepam (Noctamid-1) are also reported.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1982

Chemical and spectral properties of carbon monoxide: methylene blue oxidoreductase. The molybdenum-containing iron-sulfur flavoprotein from Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.

Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase, the key enzyme of CO-oxidation in energy metabolism of the carboxydobacterium Pseudomonas carboxydovorans, has been isolated in good yield and purity and found to contain FAD, molybdenum, iron, and labile sulfide in the ratio of 1:1:4:4. The enzyme is, therefore, a new molybdenum-containing iron-sulfur flavoprotein, exhibiting chemical and spectral properties quite similar to those of xanthine oxidase. Analytical data on the spectral characteristics of the enzyme in the oxidized and various reduced states are presented. Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase turned out to be photoreducible in the presence of EDTA and urea and was subject to reoxidation by air oxygen; no flavoprotein semiquinone was formed. Unphysiological electron acceptors, e.g. methylene blue, were used as oxidizing substrates whereas NAD or NADP turned out to be ineffective. Methylene blue reduction with CO was not affected by the presence of allopurinol, and carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase was not able to catalyze the reduction of methylene blue with xanthine, adenine, or aldehydes. CO was the only reducing substrate used by the enzyme. Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase formed no sulfite adduct, and the reactivity with ferricyanide or cytochrome c was significant but slow. As known for other molybdenum hydroxylases, carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase was rapidly inactivated by methanol, but the enzyme exhibited no ability to catalyze the oxidation of NADH with methylene blue, and NAD was not able to overcome methanol inhibition.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1978

Toxicology test-ordering patterns in a large urban general hospital during five years: an update.

Analytical data from the clinical toxicology laboratory of a large urban hospital, the Los Angeles County--University of Southern California Medical Center, are reported for the year 1976 and are compared to similar data previously documented for the year 1972. Drugs assayed, number of tests requested, and number of positive results are collated. Data on 58 assays show that the overwhelming majority of the requests continue to be for those tests that were originally classified as tests with 4-h turn-around time in the patient-focused concept for a clinical toxicology service in 1972. Total workload increased by 70%. The number of patients on whom some toxicologic assay was requested doubled in spite of a decrease in the number of patients admitted to the hospital during this five-year period. The data show that assays for some socially and clinically significant drugs--ethanol diazepam, tricyclics, and phencyclidine--increased disproportionally while others remained relatively constant, or even decreased.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1983

Resonance Raman studies of beef heart aconitase and a bacterial hydrogenase.

The resonance Raman (RR) spectra of beef heart aconitase and of an air-stable hydrogenase from Desulfuvibrio desulfuricans, as isolated, are characteristic of 3Fe centers. Activation of aconitase by Fe(II) addition converts the RR spectrum to one characteristic of [4Fe-4S]2+ clusters. Analytical data on aconitase, as isolated, confirms the recent finding (Beinert, H., Emptage, M. H., Dreyer, J.-L., Scott, R. A., Hahn, J. E., Hodgson, K. O., and Thomson, A. J. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 393-396) of a [3Fe-4S] stoichiometry. The RR spectra of 3Fe centers from aconitase, and the hydrogenase, as well as from several bacterial ferredoxins, conform to the pattern expected for a cube-derived [3Fe-4S] cluster. Perceptible differences are observed among the spectra, which can be explained in terms of differences among the terminal ligands, perhaps limited to their conformations. In the case of aconitase and hydrogenase, frequency shifts suggest additional alterations in the terminal Fe-S bond angles and/or slight differences in core geometry.

Aconitate Hydratase↗
PubMed1984

[Parenteral administration of amino acids. Reference values--study technic--interpretation of the study results--amino acid pattern as a criterion of the regulation of homeostasis].

The concentrations of free amino acids were measured in lithium-heparinat-plasma with a standardized quality controlled analytical procedure in 200 healthy persons (blood donors). The distribution of the measured values were statistically evaluated in the total group and differentiated in the male and female subcollective. The absolute total concentrations of the free amino acids vary in a broad range between 1.7 and 4.4 mmol/l. This large range is also seen for the single amino acid. In a new system for documentation and interpretation of analytical data the measured values are collected and mean, median, standard deviation, mini-max-range and 95% confidence interval are automatically computed. On this basis of data a physiological reference range is defined. The broad variability of the absolute concentrations is not found in the relative composition of the pattern. The relations of the amino acid concentrations which are important for the quality of the cellular support are very constant. Their importance is caused by the fact that only few different transport systems exist for at least 20 amino acids, which means that the different amino acids are competing at the same system for cellular uptake. The essential of the results in this study is that the liver guarantees the constancy of the physiological pattern also in cases where the exogenous supply differs from the characteristics of elimination of the single amino acid from blood. Only when the oxidative capacity of the liver is insufficient as in pathological states like infections pathological concentrations are found. In these cases the true change is undiscovered when the absolute concentrations are considered, because the insufficient functions of the liver causes initially high total concentrations. For the interpretation of an analysis of amino acids in blood plasma two main criteria are necessary: the total concentration of amino acid characterizes the quantitative support while the concentration pattern determines the quality of the cellular uptake.

Adult↗