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Results for “Choline Deficiency”

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PubMed2002

Expression of CTL1 in myelinating structures of Torpedo marmorata.

We initially isolated CTL1 from the electric lobe of brain through functional complementation of a yeast mutant deficient in choline transport. Here, we present the first characterization of an antibody to the C-terminal of CTL1. When full length torpedo CTL1 was expressed in oocytes, a broad 60 kDa band appeared concomitant with the detection of immunoreactivity at the plasma membrane. In, the native protein was prominent throughout the CNS and along the electric nerves. CTL1 immunolabeling was particularly conspicuous in the myelin sheath surrounding the electric nerve and in central myelinated structures. The association of the presumptive choline transporter, CTL1, with myelin membranes suggests a role for this new protein in lipid production.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of donor fatty livers for liver transplantation.

AIM: The effect of fatty liver on graft survival, especially with reference to macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, is still uncertain. This preliminarily study was designed to create a noninvasive method for the quantification of the hepatic fat content in vivo and to establish provisional criteria for the assessment of fatty donor livers before liver transplantation among transplant surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Different degrees of rat fatty liver model were established by feeding rats a diet deficient in choline and methionine for different periods of time. Computed tomography (CT) with test tubes containing variable percentages of fat equivalent substance were used to assess the severity of fatty change of the rat liver. This was then correlated with the histological classification, level of hepatic enzymes, and graft survival. RESULTS: Linear correlation between the fat volume fraction added to the test tubes and CT density were found. The process of producing a fatty liver via diet alteration peaked at week 3. At this time hepatic enzymes, radiological fat content, and posttransplantation survival were worse (P=0.013), compared with other time points. Radiological assessment of fatty liver correlated well with survival and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase levels. CONCLUSION: Severe microvesicular steatosis does not influence recipient survival, however, macrovesicular steatosis affects graft survival. Caliber CT is a practical and simple method that allows an accurate noninvasive quantitative assessment of hepatic fatty infiltration. It has potential to be a useful parameter for the assessment of donor livers for clinical liver transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clinical studies of the cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease. I. Neurochemical and neuroendocrine studies.

Autopsy studies indicating that cholinergic neurons are selectively lost in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) suggest that peripheral markers for central cholinergic activity would be useful in diagnosis. The present studies found that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment (r = .70) in a sample of carefully diagnosed patients with AD/SDAT, but metabolites of other neurotransmitters were not related to cognitive state; this suggests that CSF ACh may be a valid measure of cholinergic degeneration. Cortisol and growth hormone were measured in plasma samples drawn from patients and controls every 30 minutes from 2100 to 1100 hours the next day. Mean plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in patients with AD/SDAT than in controls and correlated inversely with CSF methoxy-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) (r = .61) and positively with degree of cognitive impairment (r = +.53); as anticholinergic drugs suppress cortisol this finding indicates that cortisol dysregulation may be a marker for abnormalities in other neurotransmitter systems, particularly the noradrenergic system. Growth hormone secretion was not different in patients and controls but was positively correlated with CSF MHPG (r = +.63).

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1978

Choline.

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Animals↗
PubMed1992

Choline: a conditionally essential nutrient for humans.

Tissue concentrations of choline decreased significantly while serum alanine aminotransferase activity, a marker of liver injury, increased sharply (by 50%) when healthy young adult men received a choline-free semisynthetic diet for three weeks. This study suggests that choline is an essential nutrient for humans when excess methionine and folate are not available in the diet.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1994

Lecithin and choline in human health and disease.

Choline is involved in methyl group metabolism and lipid transport and is a component of a number of important biological compounds including the membrane phospholipids lecithin, sphingomyelin, and plasmalogen; the neurotransmitter acetylcholine; and platelet activating factor. Although a required nutrient for several animal species, choline is not currently designated as essential for humans. However, recent clinical studies show it to be essential for normal liver function. Additionally, a large body of evidence from the fields of molecular and cell biology shows that certain phospholipids play a critical role in generating second messengers for cell membrane signal transduction. This process involves a cascade of reactions that translate an external cell stimulus such as a hormone or growth factor into a change in cell transport, metabolism, growth, function, or gene expression. Disruptions in phospholipid metabolism can interfere with this process and may underlie certain disease states such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. These recent findings may be appropriate in the consideration of choline as an essential nutrient for humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Hematuria following administration of ethanol.

Hematuria, with some erythrocytes also appearing in the urine, was observed in male albino rats given 20 percent and 40 percent ethanol in lieu of drinking water for several weeks. However, the amounts of hemoglobin in the blood of the treated group did not change relative to those of the control group; this finding indicates that the degree of hematuria was not sufficient to produce an anemia.

Alcoholism↗