Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cauda Equina”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Stage IV Hodgkin's disease presenting with spinal epidural involvement and cauda equina compression as the initial manifestation: case report.

Hodgkin's disease very rarely presents clinically, initially with a paraspinal mass, but this should be considered in the differential diagnosis. A patient presenting with back pain was diagnosed to have Stage IV Hodgkin's disease. MRI revealed an extradural and intraspinal soft tissue mass with bone infiltration. The importance of MRI in the early evaluation of a paraspinal mass and in determining the extent of the disease is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cauda equina compression by epidural lipomatosis in obesity. Effectiveness of weight reduction.

Epidural lipomatosis (EL) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of unencapsulated fat in the epidural space, and usually occurs as a complication of longterm steroid therapy. This condition, which may result in devastating neurologic complications, has also been reported without exogenous steroid intake. We describe a case of nonsteroid induced symptomatic EL associated with obesity, and emphasize the possibility of effective medical management of this entity with weight reduction instead of decompressive laminectomy whenever neurologic symptoms are mild and stable.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1977

Regeneration of cauda equina fibres after transsection and end-to-end suture. Light and electron microscopic study in the pig.

The regeneration of nerve fibres in pigs was studied three months after transection and end-to-end suture of the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots L5 and S1. Although no detailed quantitative analysis was performed, it was clearly evident that regeneration in motor roots is significantly more efficacious than in sensory roots. Probably as a reaction to Wallerian degeneration, an increase of histiocytes, fibroblasts and collagen fibrils, as well as a thickening of the sheaths was observed in the transected and sutured roots. Heterotopic glial bundles were found in the regenerated dorsal roots.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord and cauda equina fed by branches of the internal iliac artery and associated with vertebral hemangiomas.

A rare case of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the spinal cord is presented. The patient was a 35-year-old man who experienced progressive paraparesis and rectovesical disturbances. In this patient a spinal AVM was fed by branches of the left internal iliac artery and was associated with a sacral hemangioma. An additional hemangioma of the third lumbar vertebral body was also found. On reviewing the literature, only 4 cases, including ours, of spinal AVM with feeding vessels originating from the internal iliac artery were found. One of these patients had an associated vertebral hemangioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radical removal of lipomas of the conus and cauda equina with laser microneurosurgery.

Ten patients with ages ranging from 4 weeks to 21 years presented with a subcutaneous lumbosacral mass noted at birth. After spinal high resolution ultrasonography or computed tomography to determine the extent of neural involvement and the length of the tumor mass in the spinal canal, the patients underwent operation. Rectal electromyographic continuous monitoring was used in all for assessment of the S-2 and S-3 function during dissection. Carbon dioxide laser microneurosurgery was used in all operations. Radiating energy was used for the subcutaneous mass removal (40 to 60 W), the intracanalicular dissection (1 to 5 W), and the intraconus dissection (1 to 3 W). A radical removal was obtained in all. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid fistula occurred in 1 patient and was successfully treated. Wound dehiscence that healed with secondary closure occurred in 2 patients. Would infection that required treatment with systemic antibiotics and topical therapy occurred in 1 patient. Paraplegia occurred in 1 patient. This was the single very significant complication of this series. It was thought to have occurred because of the polymer used to seal the tenuous dura mater at the time of closure. We conclude that, with carbon dioxide laser microneurosurgery, the lipomatous tumors can be removed safely from the neural structures of the conus and cauda.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Nerve fibre counts for an intercostal nerve to cauda equina nerve root anastomosis.

Mean nerve root diameters of thoracal, lumbal and sacral roots have been determined and the corresponding cross section areas calculated. The myelinated axons of these roots have been counted and the axon densities calculated. The myelinated axons of 3 lower intercostal nerves have also been counted. One intercostal nerve has with about 9,000 myelinated fibres enough axons for the regeneration of the ventral (3,000) and dorsal (16,000) myelinated fibres of the sacral roots 3 and 4 together. One intercostal has enough nerve fibres to reconstruct urinary bladder and bowel function on one side. The importance of performing a nerve anastomosis which considers functional aspects has been emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Glycosphingolipids of human peripheral nervous system myelins isolated from cauda equina.

Compositions of neutral and sulfated glucuronyl glycosphingolipids purified from human motor and sensory nerves and myelins were studied. Higher neutral glycosphingolipids (fraction B), which were separated from GalCer (fraction A), were analyzed by TLC and TLC-immunostaining. Both nerve myelins contained paragloboside (nLc4Cer) and nLc6Cer dominantly as major higher glycosphingolipids and very little globoside (Gb4Cer), whereas both nerves contained Gb4Cer and nLc4Cer. Besides these major glycosphingolipids, a neutral glycolipid containing asialoGM1 (Gg4Cer) epitope and other minor components such as ceramide trihexoside and ceramide dihexoside were detected in both nerves and their myelins. Furthermore, sulfated glucuronyl nLc4Cer and nLc6Cer, which were monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reactive glycolipids, were detected in both nerves and myelins.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1986

[Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in tumors of the spinal cord and cauda equina].

Changes in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow were analyzed in 196 patients with spinal cord tumors of differing localization and histological structure. In 76.5% of the cases there were different variants of CSF flow disorders, namely, complete block in 33.7% and partial block in 42.8% of the cases. The nature of CSF flow disorders depended on the size of tumors, their histological structure and the relationship of the tumor to the cross-section area and the surface of the spinal cord. Yet, in 23.5% of the cases the subarachnoidal space was patent despite marked spinal neurological symptomatology. This fact shows that the complete patency of the subarachnoidal space does not rule out spinal cord tumor, which necessitates the conduction of comprehensive clinical examination in suspected cases.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1982

Developmental asymmetry of roots of the cauda equina at metrizamide myelography: report of seven cases with a review of the literature.

The myelographic findings of developmental asymmetry of the lumbo-sacral nerve root sheaths are described in seven patients and details of the clinical presentation and management are presented. Six of the seven patients had referred pain to the leg on the side of the anomaly. There were no significant associated plain film findings. Adherence to recommended techniques of metrizamide myelography is stressed, with particular reference to horizontal beam decubitus oblique projections, which profile the root sheaths to best effect. Minimal signs in the frontal projection are also described, which may be the initial clue to diagnosis. The possibility of erroneous diagnosis of lateral disc protrusion is emphasised if this anatomical variant is not recognised.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cauda equina lipoma presenting as acute neuropathic arthropathy of the knee. A case report.

A 36-year-old man with a painless, rapidly progressive, destructive lesion of the right knee proved to have neuropathic arthropathy. Rather than being a tumor, the destructive process was neuropathic in origin. Myelography revealed an unsuspected intradural lesion, which proved to be a benign lipoma, at the third and fourth lumbar levels. Excision of the lipoma and arthrodesis of the knee were successful. True intrathecal lipomas are rare lesions that become symptomatic during a period of many years; when they are removed the prognosis is generally good. As in the present case, in neuropathic joint disease the underlying neuropathy and its etiology may be quite subtle, joint destruction may be very rapid, and diagnosis is difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinical recording of pressure on the spinal cord and cauda equina. Part 3: pressure on the cervical spinal cord during endotracheal intubation in patients with cervical spondylosis.

Pressure on the spinal cord with the neck in the extended position for endotracheal intubation was recorded in eight patients with a narrow spinal canal due to cervical spondylosis. Pressures up to about 1400 mm H2O were recorded. Longitudinal skeletal traction with the tong placed frontally reduced the pressure on the spinal cord in all patients. When longitudinal skeletal traction was applied, the stress of the neck extension was probably in part transferred from the lower cervical spine where the canal was narrow to the upper cervical spine with the more spacious canal. Placing the tong for longitudinal skeletal traction frontally when performing endotracheal intubation is advocated in patients with cervical spondylosis and probably also in patients with injuries of the lower cervical spine.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1982

The results of decompression of cord or cauda equina compression from metastatic extradural tumors.

The role of decompression in spinal metastases with neurologic deficit is controversial. This series demonstrates that the benefit from decompression depends on the nature of the tumor and the neurologic status of the patient. Prognosis is good for patients with incomplete paraplegia, intact sphincter control, a long duration of neurologic deficit and pain, and a gradual onset of compression. The prognosis is poor in cases with complete paraplegia, loss of sphincter control, a short duration of neurologic deficit and pain, and a sudden onset of compression. Surgery is not advocated for all cases, because many patients are already very ill. Surgery is recommended only for selective cases in which the prognosis is good. However, decompression is only palliative. Posterior decompression is preferred, inasmuch as the surgery is less extensive compared to anterior decompression and fusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of beraprost sodium on canine cauda equina function and blood flow using a chronic spinal cord compression model.

Changes in blood flow after chronic compression were observed in 19 dogs after 10 mmHg compression for 1 week before and 1 hour after the intravenous administration of one of three doses of beraprost sodium (BPS; 30 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1), n = 7; 100 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1), n = 7; and 300 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1), n = 5). The speed of blood flow was calculated using a specially designed microscope equipped with a video camera. Dogs treated with BPS had lesser degrees of reduction in their nerve conduction velocity compared with controls. A vascular mechanism of injury likely explains why BPS-treated dogs had a lesser degree of reduction in their nerve conduction velocities compared with the control population.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cauda equina arachnoiditis. A correlative clinical and roentgenologic study.

A series of 93 consecutive patients whose myelograms were reported as showing arachnoiditis were studied, and correlations between the radiographic appearance and the clinical and surgical findings were tabulated. All but 1 patient had had either lumbar disc surgery and/or Pantopaque myelography. The study led to a classification of such roentgenogram changes which revealed that the majority of patients studied did not have the usual adhesive arachnoiditis, but the picture they projected was more commonly due to spinal stenosis, extraarachnoid dye injection, extradural scar, etc. Only 1 patient of the 93 presented the classic severely disabling paraparesis, intractable pain, and loss of bowel and bladder functions commonly ascribed to adhesive arachnoiditis. The presence of such myelographic changes need not deter necessary surgery for coexisting disc pathology, nerve root entrapment, or spinal stenosis. In only a small percentage of these patients could the symptoms be attributed to the arachnoiditis changes seen in the myelogram.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Pseudoglandular schwannoma of the cauda equina. Case report.

The authors present a case of pseudoglandular schwannoma with immunohistochemical findings consistent with epithelial metaplasia. Pseudoglandular schwannoma is a rare morphological variant of benign schwannoma characterized by the presence of glandlike structures lined with Schwann cells. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is only the fifth case of pseudoglandular schwannoma reported in the literature. Clinical, imaging, and pathological findings are described. The pathological findings were consistent with a pseudoglandular schwannoma composed of typical Schwann cells arranged in an Antoni B pattern, with numerous large pseudocystic spaces. Serial immunohistochemical studies of tissue sections revealed that the cells lining the pseudoglandular spaces were not only diffusely reactive for S100 protein, but also demonstrated focal positivity for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins AE and AE3. The particular immunohistochemical features of incompletely differentiated Schwann cells in the present case give support to the metaplastic theory of the origin of glandlike structures in benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

1990 AcroMed Award in basic science. Cauda equina anatomy. II: Extrathecal nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia.

Inconsistent data exist regarding the anatomy of the spinal nerve roots lateral to the thecal sac. A newly developed in situ technique was used to precisely define anatomic parameters on 20 fresh human cadavers. The take-off angle of the nerve roots from the thecal sac decreases from a mean of approximately 40 degrees from L1-L5 to 22 degrees at S1. The motor bundles are directly ventral to the sensory fibers within individual roots extrathecally. Dorsal root ganglia size varies with vertebral level. The majority of ganglia lie directly beneath the vertebral pedicles and one third overlie a portion of the lateral intervertebral disc. These previously undescribed relationships may aid in the understanding of lumbosacral neurocompressive disorders and are important to note during pedicle screw insertion, posterolateral decompression for spinal trauma, and paravertebral approaches for lateral disc herniations.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Hypertrophied cauda equina presenting as intradural mass: case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy types I and III usually lead to enlargement of peripheral nerves. Rarely, spinal nerve roots may also be involved, leading to radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. METHODS: This 44-year-old man with back and lower extremity radicular pain and distal lower extremity weakness and numbness was found to have a nonenhancing intradural mass that caused a nearly complete myelographic block from L1-L4. He underwent a decompressive laminectomy with intradural exploration. RESULTS: Hypertrophic but otherwise normal-looking nerve roots were observed. Subsequent electrodiagnostic testing and sural nerve biopsy confirmed that this patient had a previously unsuspected hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). His pain resolved, but at latest follow-up his weakness and numbness persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Nonenhancing spinal intradural mass lesions may represent enlarged nerve roots, which have a number of potential etiologies. Electrodiagnostic studies and peripheral nerve biopsy are instrumental in establishing the diagnosis of HMSN.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cauda equina dysfunction. The significance of two-level pathology.

The pathophysiology of neurogenic claudication is not well understood. It is generally believed that stenosis of the central vertebral canal is significant, but some believe that it is root canal stenosis or stenosis of the foramen that is important, not pathology in the central canal. There are, however, clinical anomalies incompatible with either view. In this article, 49 patients with neurogenic claudication were examined with myelography and computed tomography, recording the frequency of multilevel central canal stenosis and the presence of coexistent root canal stenosis. Of the 49 patients, 46 had either multilevel central canal stenosis or stenosis of both central and root canals. It was concluded that neurogenic claudication is generally associated with at least two levels of stenosis. A hypothesis of two-level venous compression, with venous pooling of one or several nerve roots, explains some of the pathophysiology of neurogenic claudication. This hypothesis is compatible with clinical and experimental observations, but it has yet to be confirmed.

Cauda Equina↗