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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Gene expression-driven diagnostics and pharmacogenomics in cancer.

The advancement of microarray technologies for characterizing tumors at the gene expression level has made a significant impact on the field of oncology. Profiling gene expression of various human tumors has led to the identification of gene expression patterns or signatures related to tumor classification, disease outcome and response to therapy. This technology can also be used to study the mechanism of action of specific therapeutics. Routine application of microarrays in clinical practice will require significant efforts to standardize the array manufacturing techniques, assay protocols and analytical methods used to interpret the data. Extensive, independent validation using large, statistically sound datasets will also be necessary. Studies on gene expression profiling of clinically relevant tissue samples with the aim of finding gene markers to support disease prognosis and therapy decisions are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Total and lipid-bound plasma sialic acid as diagnostic markers in colorectal cancer patients: correlation with cathepsin B expression in progression to Dukes stage.

PURPOSE: Serum cathepsin B (CB), Total Sialic acid (TSA), total sialic acid (TSA) and lipid bound sialic acid (TSA) concentrations more useful than the other markers investigated for detecting different malignancies. Our aim was to investigate the possible correlation between serum CB with TSA, LSA in colorectal carcinoma with pathological stages progressed of the disease. METHODS: The study was performed on 177 patients (109 patients with colon and 68 patients with rectal) and 50 healthy individuals comprised the control group. Serum CB activity was determined using fluorogenic substrate. Serum TSA and LSA Concentrations were measured according to the method described by Katopodis. RESULTS: Plasma CB and TSA levels in the tumor group were significantly increased in comparison with the controls group (P < or = 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in LSA level between the tumor group and the controls group. T/N ratios for CB, TSA elevated 2.3-fold, 2.5-fold respectively). LSA 1.8-fold. Serum CB activity, TSA concentrations values in plasma samples of patients were increased significantly with pathological stages progressed (P < or = 0.0001). CB is seen to correlate more strongly with TSA in tumor group (P < or = 0.0001, r= 0.7277) in comparison with controls group. These correlations became more significant as the stage of the disease progressed. CONCLUSION: The present investigations indicate that CB activity, serum TSA, concentrations are sensitive markers for detecting and earliest diagnosis of colorectal cancer. These markers with other clinical and biochemical criteria may play important metabolic roles in cancer progression.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Infection in neutropenic cancer patients--etiology, microbiological diagnostics, treatment].

Therapy of malignancies is often complicated by neutropenia, which increases the risk of severe and rapidly progressing infections caused by bacteria and fungi. The etiology of infections in the past few decades has shifted from gram-negative to gram-positive organisms. Nowadays the most important pathogens are: coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha-haemolyic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and among gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Because the progress of infection in this group of patients can be rapid, empirical antibiotic therapy should be administrated at the onset of fever. Before starting therapy specimen for microbiological culture should be taken. There are many approaches to antibiotic empirical therapy but the most frequently used is the combination of broad-spectrum beta-lactams (cefiazidime, ceftpime, piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenem) plus aminoglycoside or monotherapy using an extended spectrum beta-lactam.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic significance of gastric cancer associated antigens (MG-AGS) in serum, ascitic fluid and gastric juice.

A group of monoclonal antibodies against gastric cancer, pooled in equal proportions, was used to investigate their corresponding antigens (MG-Ags) in serum and body fluid of patients with gastrointestinal cancer and benign diseases using microsphere-ELISA method. The mean serum level (plus 3 standard deviations) in 59 normal subjects was arbitrarily set as the positive threshold value. The positive rate was found to be 68.8% (135/196) in sera of patients with gastric cancer, 70% (14/20) in colonic cancer, 72.2% (24/33) in rectal cancer, 43.8% (7/16) in esophageal cancer, 45.5% (5/11) in cholecystic cancer and 34.9% (15/43) in lung cancer, which, however, was not found in primary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer. In 214 patients with benign diseases, a false positive rate was 7.48%. In gastric juice and ascitic fluid of patients with gastric cancer, the positive rates were found to be 61.7% (27/44) and 83.3% (20/24) respectively. These antigens were also determined repeatedly in sera of patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy. It was found that the level of MG-Ags in sera began to decrease at 8-10 days after operation. These results suggest that the determination of MG-Ags is useful in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer and evaluation of the treatments.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic tests in detecting cancer of the pancreas.

Monoclonal antibody defined antigen (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT) were carried out as the tests in 113 patients suspected to have pancreatic cancer. Of 98 patients who underwent operation, 55 were found to have pancreatic cancer, 25 benign pancreatic disease, and 18 cancer of the biliary tract. Follow-up study was carried out for more than 1 year in 15 other patients suffering from pancreatitis without surgical intervention. The accuracy of CA19-9, US, CEA and CT was 87%, 69%, 61% and 56% respectively. The sensitivity of each test was CA19-9, 98%; US, 89%; CT, 80%; and CEA, 38%. The sensitivity of parallel test combined with CA19-9 and CEA was 100%. It may be regarded as the first step to detect pancreatic cancer in suspected population. The specificity of each test was CEA, 82%; CA19-9, 76%; US, 50% and CT, 40%. And the specificity of serial tests combined with CA19-9 and US was 90%. When these two tests were both positive, pancreatic cancer was highly suspected.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

Recent diagnostic modalities for bladder cancer.

Recent advances in hybridoma technology, immunohistochemistry, cytopathology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology have not only furthered our understanding of the biology of bladder cancer but are also beginning to find clinical applications in the early diagnosis of the disease. It is likely that further study and refinement of these tools could reliably identify patients with superficial bladder tumors who are at increased risk for subsequent muscle infiltrative disease, or patients whose tumors are not amenable to current front-line chemotherapy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

[Mass-screening for breast cancer using C-mode display ultrasonography].

In order to elevate the detection rate of breast cancer in mass-screening, we examined whether the C-mode display ultrasonography is useful for detection of breast cancer. 1) Diagnostic sensitivity of C-mode ultrasonography was 88.2%, specificity was 66.7% and predictive value was 58.8%, respectively. 2) The detection rate of C0mode ultrasonography was 100% for tumors more than 5.0cm, 87.5% for 2.0-5.0cm, 74.2% for less than 2.0cm. Especially, the diagnostic value of lesser than 1.0cm breast cancer was high, 66.7%. 3) In findings of C-mode ultrasonography, images characteristic of carcinoma can be obtained regarding their unclear margin (70.6%), heterogenous (88.2%) and hypoechoic (70.6%) internal echoes and malignant halo (61.8%). Our present data suggest that C-mode ultrasonography is very useful for the mass screening for breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Are serum acid phosphatase levels of diagnostic significance in prostatic cancer? (author's transl)].

The abnormal serum level of "prostatic" acid phosphatases, stresses a cellular alteration but without an own specificity allowing to certify that it is related to a prostatic affection. One could expect that during the following years thanks to the immunological and electrophoretic methods one can be able to detect in serum specific enzymes issued from a tissue which is in a definite physiopathological state.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[The association of uterine lipoma and cancer of the endometrium. Diagnostic and etiopathogenic approach].

Uterine lipoma (UL) is a rare tumor frequently presenting as leiomyolipoma. Even more uncommon is the association of UL and endometrial carcinoma (EC) for which only two cases have been reported. We present the case of a 73 years old female of French origin complaining of vaginal bleeding. Initial examination under general anesthesia found a 13 cm length uterine cavity with a large tumor located in the anterior wall. After curettage, the histopathologic analysis diagnosed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Patient work-up showed no evidence of extension outside the uterus (stage Ib). Treatment consisted of pelvic and iliac lymph node external irradiation with subsequent vaginal intracavitary irradiation followed, 6 weeks later, by total extra-fascial hysterectomy without lymph node dissection. Pathologic examination found a small EC with limited infiltration of the myometrium (stage Ia) associated with a 10 x 9 x 7 cm yellowish fibrolipoma type tumor without smooth muscle pattern. First described by Lobstein in 1816, UL are uncommon and casually diagnosed. The association with EC is rare and without evident relationship. Ultrasound (US) and computed tomographic (CT) appearances allow a diagnostic approach. US show a highly echogenic central tumor with a thin moderately echoic rim. CT appearance of UL is a central, well delimited fat-density tumor. The etiopathogenesis of UL is unclear, attributed to a possible leiomyoma evolution for Willen or a myometrial cell metaplasia for Brandfass.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Prognostically unfavorable factors in esophagus cancer. II. Value of diagnostic significance].

The analysis of data of 121 patients with esophageal carcinoma treated at the Department of Surgery, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, between 1969 and 1982 revealed that neither histological type nor tumor grading had any significant influence on survival time (p = greater than 0,158). However, tumor localization and length influenced the chance of survival; the more proximal the tumor the poorer the chance to survive more than one year (p = 0,0008); patients with tumors less than 6 cm in length had a better chance of survival (p = 0,031). Cures were achieved only after resection for stage I. Resections for stage II and III did not show any difference in prognosis (p = 0,879). Although no cures could be achieved by surgery, the 1-year survival chance was increased threefold (p = 0,041). In the absence of contraindications, resection should be carried out even when mediastinal lymphnodes are involved by tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toluidine blue solution as a diagnostic aid in oropharyngeal cancer].

In the literature exist investigations made to extensive series of patients, with premalignant oral lesions or suspicious of malignancy, in which it has been employed toluidine blue (TB), to verify the trustiness of this method as a resource for support in clinical diagnosis. The results are favourable whenever is observed the correct realization of the technique that must be preceded by a careful buccal exploration and that both findings be corroborated. This work tries to exemplificate one of the techniques of TB as will as the results obtained in 28 patients, whom, for their characteristics were considered of High Risk. Emphasis is made in relation to the false positive found. Besides, is insisted in the convenience of the routine use of this resource in the odontologic private practice and at institutional level in patients over 50 years old, to whom is necessary to accomplish at a time an adequate patient history and an accurate intraoral examination, that in addition to the use of TB, will make feasible to detect more cases of malignant lesions in early stages.

Aged↗