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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A gas-chromatographic method of analysis of monochloroacetic acid and its sodium salt in the air, skin washings, protective clothing extracts and urine].

The author sets forth a gas chromatographic technique for the detection of monochloracetic acid (MCAA) and its sodium salts in the air, in skin washings, overalls extracts, and urine. The substances were identified as propyl ether. The analysis was performed on a chromatograph supplied with a plasma-ionizing detector on a 2 m-long glass column, with the chromatrone N-AW-DMCS. The detection capacity in the sample was 0.005 microgram/microliter, in the air for MCAA - 0.5 mg/m3, for MCAA sodium salt - 0.25 mg/m3. Standard deviation did not exceed 0.16. The technique was tested in industrial conditions.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

[Hygienic and physiological aspects of evaluation of new types of protective clothing for railroad workers].

In the Soviet rail-road transport system, timely provision of individual protective devices was authorized by a special instruction of the Rail-Roads Transport Ministry. New materials and overalls are being introduced to adapt the individual safety measures to new labour conditions and the new chemical substances used in the rail-road transport system. Hygienic, physiological and laboratory techniques are widely used to assess the properties of new devices. The evaluating techniques and approaches used and improved in the transport industry can be applied to in other branches.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Heat balance of subjects wearing protective clothing with a liquid- or air-cooled vest.

The goals of this study were, first, to determine the extent of the heat strain induced by wearing the Canadian Forces (CF) aircrew chemical defence individual protection ensemble (CD IPE) under simulated hot cockpit conditions, and second, to determine the effectiveness of a liquid cooled (LC) and an air-cooled (AC) vest in relieving such heat strain. Seven (7) healthy male subjects were subjected to three heat exposures (37 degrees C, 50% r.h., for 150 min, time-weighted metabolic rate of about 240 W, 1 week apart) either with no cooling (NC), LC or AC vests. NC was only tolerated for 95 +/- 5 min, whereas all subjects completed the 150-min tests with AC or LC (p less than 0.01). The large rate of increase in rectal temperature (Tre) during NC (1.00 +/- 0.05 degrees C/h) was attenuated by 51% with LC and by an even greater amount with AC (64%, p less than 0.01). NC entailed a sweat rate of almost 1 kg/h, which was reduced 38% by LC and 51% by AC (p less than 0.01). The combined dry and evaporative heat losses (HEKC of LC and AC vests were significantly greater than that of NC (164 +/- 7 and 181 +/- 9 vs. 124 +/- 9 W, respectively; p less than 0.01). The results demonstrate that subjects wearing CF aircrew IPE under simulated hot cockpit conditions can only tolerate 95 min of the 150-min test, and experience significant heat strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relative repellency of two formulations of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and permethrin-treated clothing against Culex sitiens and Aedes vigilax in Thailand.

Field tests were conducted to compare the effectiveness of 2 repellent formulations of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in combination with permethrin-impregnated military uniforms against Culex sitiens and Aedes vigilax in Thailand. Repellency was determined during a 2 h crepuscular period using volunteers who had been treated with repellents 6, 8, 10, and 12 h prior to the end of each test period. An extended-duration repellent formulation (EDRF) containing 35% deet repelled significantly more Ae. vigilax than 75% deet in ethanol. Although not statistically significant, the EDRF also resulted in fewer biting attempts by Cx. sitiens. Neither formulation provided complete protection against either species 4-12 h post-application, but both provided greater overall protection against Ae. vigilax. Volunteers who wore treated uniforms without repellents were attacked by significantly fewer mosquitoes than controls.

Adult↗