Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CASTRATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Augmentation, by naloxone, of the frequency and amplitude of LH-RH pulses in hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal blood in the castrated ram].

The effect of naloxone administration on the LH-RH secretion in hypophyseal portal blood and LH secretion in peripheral blood was studied in four short term castrated rams (between 2 to 4 days after castration). For two animals (A and B) given a single naloxone injection, an increase of LH-RH pulse amplitude was observed (A, 22.3 to 80.5 pg/ml and B, 22.5 to 34.5 pg/ml) with only a small (nonsignificant) increase in LH-RH pulse frequency. For animals C and D given four injections of naloxone, both LH-RH pulse amplitudes and LH-RH pulse frequency were increased. Means of LH-RH pulse amplitude increase from 29.3 to 65.1 pg/ml and from 34.6 to 50.8 pg/ml for animals C and D respectively and the number of LH-RH pulses detected during the 3 hrs. before and after the first injection of naloxone were respectively 3 vs. 5 and 3 vs. 7. Whereas all LH pulses were preceded with a LH-RH pulse in animals A and B, after the multiple naloxone injections in animals C and D, a rapid LH-RH pulse frequency was associated with a sustained increment of LH secretion in peripheral blood in such a way that individual LH pulses were not clearly defined. The present report is the first documentation on naloxone increasing the release of LH-RH secretion in hypophyseal portal blood of conscious, unrestrained, short-term castrated rams. The results indicate: (1) that the opiate antagonist naloxone is able to increase both the amplitude and the frequency of LH-RH discharge by the hypothalamus and (2), when the LH-RH pulse frequency exceeds one pulse every 30 min., discrete LH secretory episodes are not observed in peripheral blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Surgical castration for cancer of the prostate. A simplified technic].

We describe a simplified technique for surgical castration in patients with carcinoma of the prostate consisting mainly in crushing the epididymis between two kelly forceps and then removing the entire testis. The epididymis is then gathered into a mass and sutured using a hemostatic stitch. Fifty-five castrations for carcinoma of the prostate were performed using this simplified technique, with a low morbidity rate: moderate hematoma of the scrotum that did not require reoperation, and two mild superficial wound infections. Surgical castration for carcinoma of the prostate is a simple procedure. At present this treatment involves the lowest costs and ensures optimal patient compliance.

Epididymis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of castration and of the kind of sympathomimetic drug used upon the reactivity of rat seminal vesicles.

An interdependence of the hormonal state of rodents and the genital muscle response to drugs was observed either on females or on males. Castration or castration followed by oestradiol treatment increased the responses of rat seminal vesicles to parasympathomimetic drugs. As, however, the influence of such procedures upon the responses to sympathomimetic drugs is controversial, the parameters pD2 (apparent affinity constant), alpha (intrinsic activity) and rho (relative responsiveness) of adrenaline, noradrenaline, methoxamine and phenylephrine on the seminal vesicles isolated from normal and castrated rats were determined. These parameters were shown to be different, depending not only of the hormonal state of the donor animals, but also of the drugs tested on each preparation. These facts must be considered in studies about sensitivity of rat seminal vesicles to sympathomimetic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epididymal basal cells in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): ultrastructural changes after castration and androgen replacement therapy.

The ultrastructure of epididymal basal cells in adult castrated and castrate-androgen supplemented rhesus monkey was studied. Due to reduction in the height of the epithelium, three months after castration their number appeared to have increased. In the initial segment dark basal cells occupied more area in the epithelium and their cytoplasm showed the presence of large vacuoles. Cells that resembled dark basal cell were found at all heights of the epithelium. In all the segments, dark basal cells developed pseudopod-like structures. Pale basal cell cytoplasm was filled with lipofuscin pigment granules. Androgen replacement therapy for 30 days prior to autopsy at 90 days did not bring about any significant changes in the ultrastructure of both the types of basal cell. However, the size of the dark basal cell appeared to have decreased. The possible role of basal cells in the disposal of products accumulated in the principal cells under normal and altered endocrine conditions in discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Possible microapocrine-type secretion developing in prostatic secretory epithelial cells of older rats in the early stage of castration.

Secretory epithelial cells at 1 and 2 d after castration became higher than those of control as the result of convex protrusion of the apical cytoplasm into the acinar lumen, which was quickly followed by pinching off the small balloon-like cytoplasmic process developing on its surface. At the same time, the secretory vacuoles became more numerous, while the well-developed Golgi region, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and its dilated end facing the Golgi region remeined. On 7 and 14 d after castration, secretory epithelial cells became markedly low and they had very few secretory vacuoles, regressed Golgi region and a markedly reduced amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. At 7 d after castration, marcrophage-like cells appeared among secretory epithelial cells and acinar basal lamina. These findings might suggest that the involutionary process of secretory epithelial cells was started by apical convex protrusion and accompanied by microapocrine secretion of its subsurface cytoplasm followed by phagocytosis of the remaining disintegrated cytoplasm by macrophage-like cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of castration and administration of testosterone on cytosol and nuclear androgen receptor in mouse submandibular gland.

The effect of castration or administration of testosterone propionate on the subcellular distribution of androgen receptor in mouse submandibular gland was investigated. Within 10 h after castration of male mice, most of the androgen receptor in nuclei was significantly reduced, the androgen receptor in cytosol increased and the increased cytosol receptor retained for at least 40 h. A single injection of testosterone propionate to female mice resulted in the translocation of cytosol androgen receptor to the nuclei by 30 min. The nuclear receptor level remained for at least 24 h and the cytosol receptor was replenished by 24-72 h. These results reveal that the endocrine manipulations such as castration and testosterone injection cause the change in the subcellular distribution of androgen receptor from mouse submandibular gland in both sexes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thanatogen expression during involution of the rat ventral prostate after castration.

After castration the rat ventral prostate undergoes regression. This process occurs due to the induction of apoptosis, or active cell death, in the epithelial cells of the gland. Several genes, including TRPM-2, (testosterone repressed prostate message), RVP.1, fos, and myc, have been shown to be induced in the prostate during this process. We have investigated the expression of several other genes that may be associated with apoptosis, including tissue transglutaminase (TGase), poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP), and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). Northern hybridization has been used to determine the steady-state mRNA levels of these genes in the ventral prostate after castration, and the time course of induction has been compared to the changes in the steady-state levels of prostate steroid binding protein (PSBP), alpha-tubulin, and TRPM-2 mRNAs. The results show that the mRNAs for PARP, transglutaminase, and Hsp27, in addition to TRPM-2, are induced by androgen ablation in the rat ventral prostate and reach maximum levels between days 3 and 4 after castration. Using in situ hybridization we have established that these genes are expressed in the epithelial cells of the prostate that are known to undergo active cell death; this result suggests that their gene products may be required in the dying cells to ensure that the biochemical and morphological processes of apoptosis are completed appropriately.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗
PubMed1994

[Self-castration].

Self-castration has been described in different eras and societies. It usually occurs in transsexualism, serious personality disorders and psychosis. It is not impulsive, but the result of long-standing conflicts, usually involving difficulties with male identity and inability to cope with sexual drives. Schizophrenics usually act under the influence of delusions and hallucinations. The medical and social attitudes to self-castration are never unequivocal. There are 60 case reports in the psychiatric literature. We describe a 35-year-old schizophrenic who castrated himself.

Hallucinations↗
PubMed1996

[Indications for castration in women treated for breast cancer].

Historically, castration has been the first endocrine treatment in breast carcinoma. In premenopausal metastatic patients, castration improves quality of survival during a median period of 10 months, in one third of patients. As adjuvant treatment, prophylactic castration can be an alternative to chemotherapy in patients with positive receptors. Prospective randomized trials are being conducted to define indications of each adjuvant treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1998

[Acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation in the regenerated thymus in old rats after surgical and chemical castration].

Surgical and chemical castrations in old rats result in the regeneration of the involuted thymus. The distribution of ACHE-positive nerves did not differ in the regenerated thymi after surgical and chemical castrations. A number of ACHE-positive nerves were detected not only in perivascular topography but also in the functioning thymus parenchyma. A marked difference in thymus density of ACHE-positive nerves was found in rats without castration. We assume that our findings represent an indirect evidence that cholinergic nerves stimulate lymphopoiesis in the thymus. (Fig. 6, Ref. 16.)

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1964

GENOTYPE AND SEX DRIVE IN INTACT AND IN CASTRATED MALE MICE.

Male mice of two inbred strains and one hybrid strain were observed for sexual behavior for 42 consecutive days. Half the males of each strain were then castrated, and daily testing was continued until the ejaculatory reflex was lost. Strain differences were found in ejaculatory frequency both before and after castration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Clearance of sensitized erythrocytes in NZB/NZW mice. Effects of castration and sex hormone treatment.

The clearance of particulate immune complexes consisting of erythrocytes sensitized with IgG or complement was investigated in (NZB x NZW)F1 (B/W) mice. Treatment of castrated B/W mice with androgen or estrogen was able to modulate this clearance. Young (3-month-old) male and female B/W mice cleared IgG-sensitized mouse erythrocytes rapidly, whereas older males (13 months) and females (7 months) showed a marked impairment in their ability to clear these cells. In addition, erythrocytes sensitized with complement in the absence of antibody were cleared within 5 min in young B/W mice. Older mice showed a greater and more rapid clearance rate of these cells. Castrated female B/W mice treated with androgen implants from three weeks of age showed improved clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes at 7 months, whereas estrogen-treated male mice showed delayed clearance. These results suggest an age-dependent defect in the clearance of IgG-sensitized particles, perhaps due to diminished levels of serum complement and/or saturation of Fc receptors. In addition, there is an alteration in the clearance of complement-sensitized erythrocytes which may be related to changes in macrophage activity or enzyme inactivators of C3 and C4. The possible mechanisms responsible for the hormonal modulation of clearance are discussed in relation to the known ability of these hormones to influence autoimmune diseases.

Androgens↗
PubMed1978

Testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone inhibit both growth and spermatogenesis in the remaining testis in partially castrated adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens.

The testis of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, undergoes hypertrophy following partial castration. Injections of either testosterone or 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone are equally effective in inhibiting the increase in testis weight which follows partial castration. In addition, both of these androgens inhibit spermatogenesis, i.e., spermatogonia appear to be inhibited resulting in early cessation of spermatogenesis and a precocious division of the testis into separate spermatogonia and sperm compartments.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Growth, differentiation, and function of the testes in the toad Bufo bufo bufo (L.), with special reference to regulatory capacities: effects of unilateral castration, hypophysectomy, and excision of Bidder's organs.

Function and compensatory growth of the testis have been studied in male toads of varying ages, ranging from postmetamorphosis to adults. All experiments lasted 2 months, starting about September 1. Spermatogenesis was normal in sexually immature, 1-year-old toads. The fastest growing young toads developed secondary sex characteristics, the thumbpads, during the experiment. The data suggest that size is more influential than age in determining the onset of sexual maturation. But body size is not the only factor which influences sexual maturation. The growth response of the remaining testis to unilateral castration decreased with increasing age and size of the toads. Two months after operation the remaining testis had reached the size of two testes in the young toads, whereas the testis showed no significant compensatory growth in the adult-sized toads, whether sexually immature or mature. Hypophysectomy reduced body growth in young toads and prevented a testicular growth response to unilateral castration. Young toads, but no adults, with excised Bidder's organs had larger testes than the control toads. In hypophysectomized, young toads spermatogenesis was still active 2 months after the operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Responsiveness to endocrine manipulations in breast cancer after "prophylactic" castration.

Two hundred and one cases of premenopausal women with breast cancer who underwent prophylactic castration with subsequent recurrence were review to ascertain the degree of responsiveness of these patients to subsequent endocrine manipulation. We show that the standard endocrine manipulations, particularly the major ablations, retain a fair degree of activity in this group. There is a suggestion that the longer the castration-recurrence interval, the higher the chance of a response, but the difference is significant only for osseous-dominant disease. As in other patient groups, responders to subsequent endocrine manipulations live longer than nonresponders.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2004

Neutralizing VEGF bioactivity with a soluble chimeric VEGF-receptor protein flt(1-3)IgG inhibits testosterone-stimulated prostate growth in castrated mice.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies show that testosterone-stimulated growth of the glandular tissue in the ventral prostate in adult castrated rats is preceded by increased epithelial VEGF synthesis, endothelial cell proliferation, vascular growth, and increased blood flow. These observations suggest that testosterone-stimulated prostate growth could be angiogenesis dependent, and that VEGF could play a central role in this process. METHODS: Adult male mice were castrated and after 1 week treated with testosterone and vehicle, or with testosterone and a soluble chimeric VEGF-receptor flt(1-3)IgG protein. RESULTS: Treatment with testosterone markedly increased endothelial cell proliferation, vascular volume, and organ weight in the ventral prostate lobe in the vehicle groups, but these responses were inhibited but not fully prevented by anti-VEGF treatment. The testosterone-stimulated increase in epithelial cell proliferation was unaffected by flt(1-3)IgG, but endothelial and epithelial cell apoptosis were increased in the anti-VEGF compared to the vehicle-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that testosterone stimulates vascular growth in the ventral prostate lobe indirectly by increasing epithelial VEGF synthesis and that this is a necessary component in testosterone-stimulated prostate growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural and analytical studies on the prostate of castrated rats.

Rat lateral and ventral prostate tissue was studied using ultrastructural and analytical techniques in adult animals castrated for periods of 3 to 20 days. As in previous reports involution of the prostatic epithelium following testosterone deprivation resulted in alterations of the amount, distribution, and conformation of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and lysosomes in addition to some nuclear changes. Although the fundamental changes were similar in both lobes there were specific effects on the individual lobes. Reductions in the subcellular levels of zinc were more pronounced in the lateral prostate, particularly with respect to the secretory and stromal concentrations of the metal. Despite low concentrations of circulating testosterone, secretory activity was still evident after a 20-day castration period and would appear to reflect a different sensitivity in the lateral lobe to the lowered testosterone level or stimulation by other hormones when compared to the ventral lobe. The significance of the subcellular distribution pattern of zinc during the experimental periods is discussed in relation to the possible functional significance of the metal in prostatic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacologically induced ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes in the prostate of the castrated dog.

The effects of an aromatase inhibitor and of an antiandrogen on the ultrastructure and the expression of a secretory protein (acid phosphatase) and marker proteins for basal cells (keratin) and fibroblasts (vimentin) were studied in the prostate of castrated, androstenedione-treated dogs. Androstenedione treatment partially restored the normal appearance of the gland and also some secretory activity. In the central portion of the gland, basal cell hyperplasia developed instead of secretory activity after androstenedione treatment. Administration of the aromatase inhibitor reduced the number of secretory cells but did not completely suppress the latter. There was some proliferation of the connective tissue surrounding the atrophic acini. Combined treatment with aromatase inhibitor and antiandrogen resulted in a general atrophy of prostatic acini that was less intense relative to the changes observed after castration. Residual secretory activity, detected in specimens treated exclusively with aromatase inhibitor, were lacking after combined treatment. The influence of all regimens on the ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells was comparably discrete, whereas regional differences in the arrangement pattern of the epithelium and the fibromuscular stroma were impressive. The ultrastructural findings support previous results of a synergic inhibitory effect of aromatase inhibitor and antiandrogens on the canine prostate.

Acid Phosphatase↗